Bergman's comprehensive encyclopedia of human anatomic variation / R. Shane Tubbs, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Marios Loukas.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Tubbs, R. Shane, author.

Shoja, Mohammadali M., author.

Loukas, Marios, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Human anatomy--Variation--Encyclopedias.

Human anatomy.

Human anatomy--Encyclopedias.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (3454 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Building on the strength of the previous two editions, Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation is the third installment of the classic human anatomical reference launched by Dr. Ronald Bergman. With both new and updated entries, and now illustrated in full color, the encyclopedia provides an even more comprehensive reference on human variation for anatomists, anthropologists, physicians, surgeons, medical personnel, and all students of anatomy. Developed by a team of editors with extensive records publishing on both human variation and normal human anatomy, Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation is the long awaited update to this classic reference.

Contents:

Intro

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

Foreword

1 Skull

Frontal bone

Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Sphenoid bone

Temporal bone

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Vomer

Inferior nasal concha

Maxilla

Palatine bone

Zygomatic bone

Mandible

Nasal bone

Teeth

Middle ear bones

Stapes

Malleus

Incus

References

Further reading

2 Hyoid bone

3 Cervical vertebrae

Embryology

Atlas

Axis

Uncinate process

Transverse foramen

Spinous processes

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Cervical ribs

4 Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebral bodies

Costal articulations

Limbus vertebra

Failure of segmentation

Butterfly vertebra

Pedicles

Upper

Middle

Lower

Facets

Transverse processes

Laminae and spinous processes

5 Lumbar vertebrae

Anatomic variations

Vertebral body defects

Vertebral arch defects

Rudimentary lumbar rib

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae

6 Sacrococcygeal vertebrae

7 Scapula

Body of the scapula

Scapular articulations with ribs

Curvature of the scapular body

Tubercle of Luschka

Lateral border of scapula

Medial border of scapula

Superior border of scapula

Scapular notch

Coracoid process

Shape of the glenoid fossa

Shape of acromion

Os acromiale

8 Clavicle

Introduction

Statistical shape analysis

Principal component analysis

Geometric variation

Morphological groups

Length

Depths and angles

Width

Thickness

Anatomic variation

Clavicular absence

Bifurcate/duplicate clavicle

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC)

Deltoid process.

Coracoclavicular syndesmosis

Radiographically visible costoclavicular ligament

Supraclavicular nerve canal

Discussion and conclusions

Width and thickness

Summary

9 Humerus

Retroversion of the humeral head

Intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove

Supracondylar process and the ligament of Struthers

Supratrochlear foramen

10 Radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Radius

Radial dysplasia

Radial-ulnar synthesis

Ulna

Ulnar dysplasia

Sesamoid bones of the forearm

Variations of the hand

Epiphyses of the phalanx and metacarpal

Pseudoepiphyses

The cone‐shaped epiphysis

Brachymesophalangia

Brachyphalangia

Symphalangia

Syndactyly

Axial deviations of the phalanges

Polydactyly

Polyphalangia

Arachnodactyly

Carpometacarpal joint

Thumb

Sesamoid bones of the hand

Accessory ossicles of the wrist and hand

Os styloideum

Os central

Lunula

Os triangulare

Os hamuli proprium

Carpal boss

Os vesalianum

Lunate accessory ossicles

Coalitions of the carpal bones

Lunotriquetral

Capitohamate

Specific variations in carpal bone

Bipartite carpals

Lunate morphology

Hamate

Scaphoid

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Pisotriquetral lipping

11 Ribs and sternum

Ribs

Sternum

Positional variations

Xiphoid ending and ossification

Sternoxiphoidal fusion and pseudoforamen

12 Pelvic bones

Sexual dimorphism of the os coxa

Individual variations within the os coxa

Variation in the iliac nutrient foramen

Variations with the obturator foramen

Ischiopubic synchondrosis

Iliac horns

Paraglenoid sulci

Ischial spine projections

Pelvic digit

Bony islands.

Hyperdense lines

Pelvic ears

Acetabular notches

Ossicles

Ligament ossification

Malformations of the os coxae

Absence of pubic rami

Ischial absence/hypoplasia/duplication

Exstrophy of bladder

Down‐syndrome‐associated anomalies in the pelvis

Protrusio acetabuli

13 Bones of the lower limb

Imaging considerations and normal variations

Femur

Proximal femur

Femoral shaft

Distal femur

Patella

Knee

Fabella

Cyamella (popliteal fabella)

Meniscal ossicle

Tibia and fibula

Proximal tibia and fibula

Shaft of tibia and fibula

Distal tibia and fibula

Foot

Calcaneus

Talus

Cuboid

Coalitions of the foot

Cuneiform bones

Metatarsals

Sesamoid bones of the pedal phalanges/forefoot

Foot anomalies

Limb deficiencies

Leg length inequality

Rotational variation

Genu varum and genu valgum

14 Temporomandibular joint

Intra-articular disc

Mandibular condyle

Joint capsule

Synovial membrane

Lateral, sphenomandibular, and stylomandibular ligaments

Arterial blood supply

Venous drainage

Lymph

Nerve supply

Variations in each component

Disc

Condyle

Capsule

Variation in articular surfaces

Blood supply

Lymphatics

Muscles

Ligaments

Absence and hemiplasia

Congenital anomalies

Hyperplasia

Hypoplasia

Aplasia and agenesis

Dysplasias

15 Shoulder joint

Humeral head and glenoid fossa positions

Labrum

Tendons

Rotator cuff muscles

Bursae and recesses

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Coracoclavicular joint

16 Elbow joint.

Distal humerus

Capitulum humerus

Trochlea

Morphology of distal humerus

Os supratrochleare dorsale

Proximal radius

Radial head

Radial neck

Proximal ulna

Capsule and ligaments

Medial collateral ligament (ulnar collateral ligament)

Lateral collateral ligament

17 Wrist and hand joints

Anatomical variants within the hand

Phalanx and metacarpal epiphyses

Cone‐shaped epiphysis

Axial deviations

Carpometacarpal variants

The thumb

Sesamoid bones

Osteopoikilosis

Melorheostosis

Anatomical variants of the carpus

Carpal structures on imaging

Accessory ossicles

Carpal boss and os styloideum

Lunate accessories

Carpal coalitions

Bone‐specific variations

Anatomical variants of the hand and wrist ligaments and cartilaginous structures

Triangular fibrocartilage complex and intercarpal ligaments

18 Sacroiliac joints

Articulation characteristics

Type of joint

Number of articulating surfaces

Shape of the SIJ

Iliosacral complex (ILC)

Bipartite complex

Semicircular defect

Cresenteric defect

Ossification centers

Width and uniformity of the SIJ space

Position of the sacral auricular surface, morphology, and orientation

Auricular cartilage thickness and micro‐anatomy

Innervation of the SIJ

SIJ structure and mobility through fetal period and aging

Racial and gender differences and pregnancy‐ and mobility‐related variations

19 Hip joint

Acetabulum

20 Knee joint.

Femoral intercondylar notch, condylar orientation, and tibial eminence

Genu varum, genu valgum, and recurvatum

Lower limb axis (valgus, varus, recurvatum)

Bursae and Plicae

Bursae

Synovial plicae

Fat pad

Menisci

Retinaculum

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Medial or tibial collateral ligament (MCL or TCL)

Lateral or fibular collateral ligament (LCL or FCL)

Ligament of Humphrey/Wrisberg (see meniscofemoral ligaments)

Popliteus tendon

The fabellofibular ligament

The popliteomeniscal ligaments

The popliteofibular ligament (PFL)

The oblique meniscomeniscal ligament

The meniscofibular ligament

The arcuate ligament

Meniscofemoral ligaments

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)

Posterior lateral ligament

Transverse genicular ligament

Posterior oblique ligament

Oblique popliteal ligament (OPL)

Musculotendinous variations

21 Ankle and foot joints

Bones

Ankle (talocrural) joint

Subtalar joint

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Medial ligament of talocrural joint

Lateral ligaments of the ankle

Ligaments of the foot

22 Orbital muscles

Rectus muscles of the orbit

Obliquus superior (superior oblique)

Obliquus inferior (inferior oblique)

Levator palpebrae superioris

23 Middle ear muscles

Variations of the tensor tympani muscle

Variations of the stapedius muscle

24 Facial muscles and muscles of mastication

Facial muscles of the mouth

Positioning variations of the facial muscles around the mouth

Orbicularis oris muscle

Zygomaticus major muscle.

Zygomaticus minor muscle.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781787850934

1787850935

9781118430682

1118430689

9781118430279

1118430271

OCLC:

948297141