A companion to dental anthropology / edited by Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Irish, Joel D., editor.

Scott, George Richard, editor.

Series:

Blackwell companions to anthropology.

Blackwell Companions to Anthropology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dental anthropology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (563 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England : Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

Summary:

Companion to Dental Anthropology presents a collection of original readings addressing all aspects and sub-disciplines of the field of dental anthropology-from its origins and evolution through to the latest scientific research. * Represents the most comprehensive coverage of all sub-disciplines of dental anthropology available today * Features individual chapters written by experts in their specific area of dental research * Includes authors who also present results from their research through case studies or voiced opinions about their work * Offers extensive coverage of topics relating to dental evolution, morphometric variation, and pathology

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Notes on Contributors

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Part I Context

Chapter 1 Introduction to Dental Anthropology

Who You Are, and Our Suggestions

Volume Organization and Content

Expertise and a Personal Touch

Now on to Chapter 2 (or Chapter 7)

References

Chapter 2 A Brief History of Dental Anthropology

Foundations (Nineteenth Century to 1963)

Development (1963-1991)

Maturation (1991-present)

Future Directions

Part II Dental Evolution

Chapter 3 Origins and Functions of Teeth:: From "Toothed" Worms to Mammals

The Earliest Teeth

The Evolution of Teeth before the Mammals

Evolution of Mammalian Teeth and Mastication

The Fossil Record of Mammalian Teeth

Final Thoughts

Chapter 4 The Teeth of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes

Numerical Variation

Morphological Variation

Combining Ecology and the Study of Non-human Primate Teeth: New Directions

Conclusion

Chapter 5 The Hominins 1: Australopithecines and Their Ancestors

Earliest Hominins

Plio-Pleistocene Hominins (the Australopithecines)

Outstanding Issues

Conclusions

Chapter 6 The Hominins 2: The Genus Homo

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Part III The Human Dentition

Chapter 7 Terms and Terminology Used in Dental Anthropology

The Tooth

The Tooth Class

The Dentition

Chapter 8 Anatomy of Individual Teeth and Tooth Classes

Anatomy of the Crown

Anatomy of the Root

Anatomy of the Pulp Cavity

Identification of Teeth

Deciduous Dentition

Incisors

Canines

Molars

Permanent Dentition

Premolars

References.

Chapter 9 The Masticatory System and Its Function

Forces and Displacements

Ingestion

Mastication

Swallowing

Linking Mastication to Swallowing

Oral Sensation and Digestion

Discussion

PART IV Dental Growth and Development

Chapter 10 An Overview of Dental Genetics

A Brief History of Dental Genetics

Epigenetics

Embryology

Aspects of Variation in Dental Crown Morphology

Familial Approaches to Understanding Dental Variation

A Brief History of Research in the Craniofacial Biology Research Group at the University of Adelaide

Locating and Identifying Genes Affecting Dental Development

Discordant Expression of Dental Features Despite Similar Genotypes

Future Directions for Research

Chapter 11 Odontogenesis

Tooth Number

Histological Tooth Formation

Molecular Signaling

Dental Age

Concluding Note

Chapter 12 Tooth Eruption and Timing

Defining Tooth Eruption and Terminology

How Is Tooth Eruption Measured?

Clinical Eruption

Sequence, Age, and Polymorphisms in Clinical Eruption

What Is Root Stage at Clinical Eruption?

Duration of Clinical Eruption

Chapter 13 Tooth Classes, Field Concepts, and Symmetry

Evolution of Multicusped Teeth in Mammals

Tooth Classes in the Human Dentition and Field Concepts

Observed Patterns of Variation

Formation of Teeth, Including the Role of the Enamel Knots

Different Models to Explain Dental Patterning

Complex Adaptive Systems

Symmetry and Asymmetry in the Dentition

Different Study Samples

What Has Our Research Shown?

Some Future Research Initiatives

Part V Dental Histology from the Inside Out

Chapter 14 The Pulp Cavity and Its Contents

Pulp Cavity Contents and Function.

Pathology

Pulp Cavity Utility in Dental Anthropology

Ancient DNA Studies

Chapter 15 Dentine and Cementum Structure and Properties

Dentine

Root Dentine Translucency: A Case Study

Cementum

Chapter 16 Enamel Structure and Properties

Enamel Formation

Incremental Structures of Enamel

Case Study: A Histological Reconstruction of Crown Initiation and Formation Using Enamel Incremental Structures in the Developing Dentition of Post-Medieval Known-Age Children

Materials

Methods

Results

Part VI Dental Morphometric Variation in Populations

Chapter 17 Identifying and Recording Key Morphological (Nonmetric) Crown and Root Traits

Crown Traits

Root Traits

Counting Methods

The Impact of Wear and Pathology

The Issue of Threshold Expressions

Key Traits and Inter-trait Correlations

Observations on Casts vs. Skeletons

Intra- and Inter-Observer Error

Applications of Dental Morphology

Chapter 18 Assessing Dental Nonmetric Variation among Populations

Previous Population Affinity Studies

Recent Population Affinity Studies

A Dental Nonmetric Case Study from South Africa

Chapter 19 Measurement of Tooth Size (Odontometrics)

Maximum Crown Dimensions and Composite Measurements

Alternative Dental Measurements

Reliability of Dental Measurements

Variation of Tooth Size within Populations

Discussion and Prospects for Future Research

Chapter 20 Assessing Odontometric Variation among Populations

Previous Studies of Tooth Size Allocation among Recent Human Populations

Examination of Tooth Size Variation among Contemporary South Asian Populations.

Conclusions and Future Directions

Part VII Dental Morphometric Variation in Individuals

Chapter 21 Forensic Odontology

Forensic Odontology

Forensic Anthropology

Individualizing Characteristics

Chapter 22 Estimating Age, Sex, and Individual ID from Teeth

Age: Timing and Sequence

Sex and Ancestry

Idiosyncrasies

Chapter 23 Indicators of Idiosyncratic Behavior in the Dentition

Dental Abrasion and Behavior

Dental Erosion/Corrosion

Body Modification, Social Identity, and Cultural Practices

Case Study: Dental Avulsion in North Africa

Chapter 24 Dentition, Behavior, and Diet Determination

Indirect Dental Evidence for Diet and Behavior

Direct Dental Evidence for Diet and Behavior

Dental Microwear: History and Methodological Challenges

Neanderthal Behavioral Strategies: Evidence from Incisor Microwear Textures

Part VIII Dental Health and Disease

Chapter 25 Crown Wear: Identification and Categorization

What Is Dental Wear?

Types of Dental Wear

Differentiation between Types of Wear

Assessment of Wear

The Utility of Dental Wear Data

Dental Wear as a Bias in Studies of Dental Morphology

Chapter 26 Caries: The Ancient Scourge

Dental Caries in Ancient Human Remains

Recording Dental Caries Prevalence

Chapter 27 Dental Stress Indicators from Micro- to Macroscopic

A Focus on Enamel Hypoplasias and Accentuated Striae

Enamel Growth Microstructures

Defect Formation in Relation to Enamel Growth Microstructures

Contribution to Bioarchaeology, Forensics, and Primatology

Contribution to Paleoanthropology: Neanderthal Case Study

Chapter 28 A Host of Other Dental Diseases and Disorders

History

Anomalies of Tooth Position and Number

Alveolar Conditions

Conditions of the Tooth Crown and Root

Part IX The Future of Dental Anthropology

Chapter 29 New Directions in Dental Development Research

Back to the Future of Dental Morphogenesis

The Patterning Cascade Model of Tooth Crown Morphogenesis

Empirical Tests of the Patterning Cascade Model

Methodological Concerns

Inhibitory Cascade Model of Relative Tooth Size

Empirical Tests of the Inhibitory Cascade Model

Where to Go from Here?

Chapter 30 Chemical and Isotopic Analyses of Dental Tissues

Structure and Chemical Composition of Enamel and Dentine

Tooth Formation and Reconstruction of Individual Life Histories

Applications

Future Developments

Chapter 31 Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques

Defining an Imaging System

Choosing a Tomographic Imaging System for Optimum Image Quality

Determining Operator-Dependent Factors Affecting Image Quality

Imaging with Ionizing Radiations

Imaging with Non-ionizing Radiations

Open Access Online Archives of 3D Tomographic Scans

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118845370

1118845374

9781118845516

111884551X

9781118845486

111884548X

OCLC:

914257128