Material selection for thermoplastic parts : practical and advanced information for plastics engineers / Michel Biron ; acquisition editor David Jackson ; designer Greg Harris.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Biron, Michel, author.

Contributor:

Jackson, David, editor.

Harris, Greg, designer.

Series:

PDL handbook series.

PDL handbook series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Thermoplastics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : William Andrew, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

As new applications are developed and plastics replace traditional materials in a widening spectrum of existing applications, the potential personal injury, property damage, financial and legal consequences of failure can be high. However, nearly half of plastics failure can be traced back to the original specification and selection of the material.This book gives engineers the data they need to make an informed decision about the materials they use in their products, imparting a thorough knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the various materials to choose from. The data also suggests other candidate materials which the reader may not have originally considered. More than 30,000 thermoplastics grades are grouped into circa. 300 subfamilies, within which over 20 properties are assessed.The abundance or scarcity of a material and its cost are also often important deciding factors. In this book, an economical overview of the plastics industry helps clarify the actual consumption and costs of thermoplastics including bioplastic, and the relationship of cost vs. performance is also examined for each thermoplastic subfamily. Immediate and long-term common properties are reviewed, including mechanical behavior, impact, thermal properties, and many more. Environmental considerations are also covered, including ease of recycling and sustainability.- Helps engineers to implement a systematic approach to material selection in their work- Includes more than 300 subfamilies of thermoplastic, and a wide range of properties including chemical resistance, thermal degradation, creep and UV resistance- Evaluates cost/performance relations and environmental considerations

Contents:

Front Cover

Series Page

MATERIAL SELECTION FOR THERMOPLASTIC PARTS: Practical and Advanced Information for Plastics Engineers

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Disclaimer

Acronyms and Abbreviations

1 - Thermoplastic Material Selection: Some Ways of Thinking for a Systematic Approach

1.1 Specific Plastics Design Issues: Some Ins and Outs among Others

1.1.1 Overview

1.1.2 Mechanical Loading: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.2.1 Temperature Effect

1.1.2.2 Loading Type Effect

1.1.2.3 Strain Rate or Time Effect

1.1.2.4 Impact Behavior

1.1.2.5 Hardness

1.1.2.6 Dynamic Fatigue

1.1.2.7 Dimensional Effects

1.1.2.8 Combination with Other Parameters

1.1.2.9 Lifetime

1.1.3 Heat: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.3.1 Average Temperature

1.1.3.2 Continuous Use Temperature

1.1.3.3 UL Temperature Index

Influence of Grade

Influence of Thickness

Influence of the Characteristics Studied

1.1.3.4 Heat Deflection Temperature

1.1.3.5 Vicat Softening Temperature

1.1.3.6 Accelerated Aging

1.1.4 Low Temperatures: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.4.1 Low-Temperature Tests

1.1.4.2 Brittle Point

1.1.4.3 Rigidity in Torsion: "Clash &amp

Berg" and "Gehman" Tests

1.1.4.4 Crystallization Test

1.1.5 Dimensional Stability: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.5.1 Thermal Expansion or Retraction

1.1.5.2 Shrinkage

1.1.5.3 Warpage

1.1.5.4 Water or Chemicals Uptake

1.1.5.5 Aging, Desorption, Bleeding, and Releasing of Organic Components

1.1.6 General Environmental Trends, Pollution of Near Environment, Green Attitude, Sustainability: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.6.1 Global Warming Due to the Greenhouse Effect of Emitted Gases

1.1.6.2 Pollution of Air, Water, and Land

1.1.6.3 Aging, Desorption, Bleeding, and Releasing of Organic Components

1.1.6.4 Volatile Organic Compounds.

1.1.6.5 Banned or Regulated or Suspect Substances

1.1.6.6 REACH

1.1.6.7 Examples of Specific Regulations or Specifications, RoHS, WEEE

1.1.6.8 Renewable Content or Biocarbon Content

1.1.6.9 (Bio)Degradable Plastics

1.1.6.10 Carbon Footprint

1.1.6.11 Life-Cycle Assessment

1.1.7 Electrical Properties: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.7.1 Volume Resistivity-ASTM D257 and IEC 93

1.1.7.2 Surface Resistivity-ASTM D257 and IEC 93

1.1.7.3 Dielectric Strength

1.1.7.4 Arc Resistance

1.1.7.5 High-Voltage Arc Tracking Rate

1.1.7.6 Frequency, Temperature, Moisture, Physical, and Dynamic Aging Effects

1.1.8 Fire Behavior: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.8. 1UL94 Fire Ratings

1.1.8.2 Oxygen Index

1.1.8.3 Smoke Opacity, Toxicity, and Corrosivity

1.1.8.4 Cone Calorimeter

1.1.8.5 Ignition Temperature

1.1.8.6 Rate of Burning

1.1.8.7 Glow Wire Test

1.1.9 Sensory Properties: Some Ins and Outs

1.1.9.1 Complementarity of Instrumental Measurements and Sensory Panel Evaluations

1.1.9.2 Visual Aspect

1.1.9.3 Physical Aspect

1.1.9.4 Touch

1.1.9.5 Odor and Taste Properties and Transfer

1.1.9.6 Noise, Vibration, and Harshness

1.1.10 Economics

1.1.10.1 Part Costs

1.1.10.2 Raw Material Costs

1.1.10.3 Examples of Additive Costs

1.1.10.4 Examples of Reinforcement Costs

1.1.10.5 An Economic Requirement: Compensate for Higher Plastic Costs

1.1.10.6 Effect of Lifetime on Cost

1.1.11 Lifetime and End-of-Life Criteria

1.1.11.1 Environment of Service

1.1.11.2 Modeling

1.1.11.3 Lifetime Enhancement Thanks to Part Protection and/or Minimization of Aggressive Factors

1.1.12 Regulation, Health, and Safety Requirements

1.2 Checklist Proposal

1.2.1 Mechanical Loading

1.2.2 Heat

1.2.3 Low Temperatures

1.2.4 Dimensional Features.

1.2.5 General Environmental Trends, Pollution of Near Environment, Green Attitude, and Sustainability

1.2.6 Electrical Properties

1.2.7 Fire Behavior

1.2.8 Sensory Properties

1.2.9 Economics

1.2.10 Lifetime and End-of-Life Criteria

1.2.11 Regulation, Health, Safety, and Fire Requirements

1.2.12 Other Specific Properties Not Listed Above

1.2.13 Processability

Further Reading

2 - Thermoplastic Specific Properties

2.1 Do not Confuse Raw Polymer and Plastic Grade (or Compound)

2.2 Raw TPs Are Organic Macromolecules

2.2.1 Elemental Composition Is Essential

2.2.2 Molecular Weight and Chain Architecture Are Also of High Importance

2.3 Supramolecular Structure

2.3.1 TPs and TP Elastomers

2.3.1.1 Thermoplastics

2.3.1.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers

2.3.2 Thermosets

2.3.3 Crystalline and Amorphous TPs, Glass Transition Temperature

2.3.3.1 Amorphous Polymers

2.3.3.2 Crystalline and Semicrystalline Polymers

2.3.3.3 The Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)

2.3.3.4 Crystallization Is Time- and Thermal-Dependent and Is not Homogeneous

2.4 Viscoelasticity, Time, and Temperature Dependency

2.4.1 Time Dependency

2.4.2 Temperature Dependency

2.5 From Raw Polymers to Actual Grades: Upgrading and Customization

2.5.1 TP Alloying

2.5.2 Filled and Reinforced TPs: Overview

2.5.2.1 Reinforcement with Fibers

2.5.2.2 Reinforcement and Filling with Mineral Fillers

2.5.2.3 Filling with Glass Beads

2.5.2.4 Nanofillers

2.5.2.5 Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Sheet Overmolded by Injection

2.5.3 Formulation of Compounds

Impact Modifiers

Plasticization

Aging Protection: Additives, Films

2.5.3.2 Improvement of Special Features

Fire-Retardant Thermoplastics

Conductive Polymers

Antifriction Polymers

Polymers with High Thermal Conductivity

Magnetic Polymers.

2.5.4 Statistical Analysis of Some Properties of Marketed TP grades

2.5.4.1 Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced TP Grades

2.5.4.2 Long Glass Fiber-Reinforced TP Grades

2.5.4.3 CF-Reinforced TP Grades

2.5.4.4 NFs and Wood Plastic Composites

2.5.4.5 Mineral-Filled TP Grades

2.5.4.6 Conductive TP Grades

2.6 Isotropy and Anisotropy

2.6.1 Example of Tensile Property Anisotropy for Simple Regular Plates

2.6.2 Special Behavior of Liquid Crystal Polymer

2.7 Dimensional Stability

2.7.1 The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

2.7.1.1 Deformation Due to Mechanical Stresses

2.7.1.2 Poisson's Ratio and Young's Modulus

2.7.1.3 Residual Internal Stresses

2.7.1.4 Shrinkage

2.7.1.5 Warpage

2.7.1.6 Water Uptake

2.7.1.7 Releasing of Organic Additives

2.8 Market Appeal: Sensory Properties Are of the Prime Importance

2.8.1 Optical Properties

2.8.1.1 Touch

2.8.1.2 Scratch Resistance Improvement

2.8.1.3 Acoustic Comfort

2.8.1.4 Odors

2.8.1.5 Taste

2.8.1.6 Fogging

3 - Thermoplastics: Economic Overview

3.1 Overview of the Global Plastics Industry Today and Tomorrow

3.2 Market Shares of the Various Thermoplastic Families

3.3 Market Shares of Composites

3.4 Market Shares for the Main Application Sectors

3.5 Importance of the Various Processing Modes

3.6 Consumption Trends

3.6.1 Thermoplastics

3.6.2 Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites

3.7 The North American Market

3.8 The Western European Market

3.9 The Asian Market

3.9.1 The Chinese Market

3.9.2 The Japanese Market

3.9.3 The Indian Market

3.10 Structure of the Plastics Processing Industry

3.11 Plastic Costs

3.11.1 Raw Material Costs

3.11.2 Examples of Additive Costs

3.11.3 Reinforcement Costs

3.11.4 Processing Costs.

3.11.5 Some Good Reasons to Use Thermoplastics and a Few Examples of Success Stories

3.12 The Future: Two Important Issues Linked to Crude Oil: Costs and Drying Up

3.12.1 Polymer Cost Evolutions versus Crude Oil Price

3.12.2 New Raw Material Sources: Bio-Sourced Plastics

3.13 Price Index Hypotheses for 279 Plastics

3.14 Useful Source Examples for Initiation of In-depth Studies

4 - Elements for Analogical Selections: Survey of the 10 Top Markets

4.1 Packaging

4.1.1 Films

4.1.2 Bottles and Other Containers

4.1.3 Foams

4.1.4 Panel of Ideas for Application: 150 and More Examples

4.2 Building and Civil Engineering

4.2.1 Wood Thermoplastic Composites

4.2.2 Application Overview

4.2.3 Building Exteriors

4.2.3.1 Insulation

4.2.3.2 Light Structural Functions

4.2.3.3 Transparency

4.2.3.4 Decoration

4.2.3.5 Waterproofing

4.2.3.6 Seals and Sealing

4.2.3.7 Flexible Structures

4.2.4 Building Interiors

4.2.4.1 Styrenics, Possibly Foamed

4.2.4.2 Soft and U-PVC, Possibly Foamed

4.2.4.3 Polyethylene

4.2.4.4 Engineering Plastics

4.2.4.5 Composites with Wood

4.2.5 Pipes and Tubing

4.2.5.1 Rigid PVC

4.2.5.2 Modified PVC

4.2.5.3 Polyethylene

4.2.5.4 Flexible Polybutylene

4.2.5.5 Polypropylene

4.2.5.6 ABS

4.2.5.7 PET

4.2.6 Geomembranes, Geotextiles, and Geogrids

4.2.7 Panel of Ideas for Application: 150 and More Examples

4.3 Automotive and Transportation

4.3.1 Automotive Sector

4.3.1.1 Developing Applications

4.3.1.2 Emerging Applications

4.3.1.3 Mono-Material Concept

4.3.1.4 Ready-to-Install Modules

4.3.1.5 Fuel Tanks

4.3.1.6 Dashboards

4.3.1.7 Bumpers

4.3.1.8 Interior Trims

4.3.1.9 Airbag Systems

4.3.1.10 Lenses

4.3.1.11 Ancillary equipment

4.3.1.12 Under-the-Hood.

4.3.1.13 Engine Covers: Example of Competition between Nylon and BMC.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 3, 2015).

ISBN:

0-7020-6287-1

OCLC:

932328731