Allergy, immunity and tolerance in early childhood : the first steps of the atopic March / Ulrich Wahn, Hugh A. Sampson ; designer, Matthew Limbert ; contributors, Rob C. Aalberse [and forty five others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wahn, U. (Ulrich), author.

Sampson, Hugh A., author.

Contributor:

Limbert, Matthew, designer.

Aalberse, Rob C., contributor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Allergy in children.

Developmental immunology.

Immunity.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (410 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Academic Press, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Allergy, Immunity and Tolerance in Early Childhood: The First Steps of the Atopic March provides valuable insights on the atopic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies, which have developed into major health problems in most parts of the world.As the natural history of these chronic diseases has been.

Contents:

Front Cover

Allergy, Immunity and Tolerance in Early Childhood: The First Steps of the Atopic March

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Introduction

1 - The Maturation of Immune Function in Pregnancy and Early Childhood

Immune development in health and disease

Early life immune regulation

Interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation in organ-specific responses

Key influences and determinants of early immune function and regulation

Genetic factors

Direct effects of maternal allergy on immune maturation

Maternal environmental exposures and immune maturation

Early postnatal exposures and immune maturation

Modulating early immune development to promote immune regulation

Conclusion

References

2 - Immunological Aspects of the Atopic March

Global inventory of the developmental pattern of allergen-specific antibody

Tentative interpretation of phases observed in the serological picture

The trends of IgE levels to allergenic sources

Immunoglobulin E trends examined at a molecular level

Discussion

3 - Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy and Childhood

Definition

Family history and genetics

Natural history of disease

Allergic sensitization and allergy as comorbidity

Rhinitis and asthma as comorbidity

Urticaria as comorbidity

Determinants of the disease

Socioeconomic status

Infant feeding

Domestic environment

Key elements of treatment

Prevention

Long-term outcome in adulthood

Further reading

4 - Adverse Reactions to Food

Clinical presentation of food allergy in infancy

Epidemiology and natural course

Pathogenesis

Diagnostic

Therapy

Immunotherapy for food allergy

5 - Viral-Induced Wheeze and Asthma Development

Introduction.

Longitudinal studies of childhood wheezing

Etiology of wheezing illnesses in infancy

Risk factors for virus-induced wheezing

Progression from virus-induced wheezing to asthma

Do severe viral respiratory infections in infancy cause asthma?

Conclusions

6 - Infantile Lung Function and Airway Hyperresponsiveness

Lung development

Lung function measurements

Lung function development

Postnatal impact on lung function development

Factors that may influence in utero lung function development

Infantile AHR

Summary and conclusion

7 - The Development of Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood

Incidence

Period prevalence

Sex differences

Comorbidity

The role of sensitization

Early predictors

Protective factors

Principles of therapy

Options for prevention

8 - Genes and Atopic Phenotypes

Tools for disentangling the genetics of atopy

Do genes co-associated with multiple childhood atopy phenotypes represent atopic march candidate genes?

Summary and conclusions

9 - Epigenetic Factors Before and After Birth

Principles of epigenetic mechanisms

Epigenetics in T-cell development as a decisive mechanism for allergy development

Epigenetic control in fetal immune development

Environmental factors and epigenetic modifications in early allergy development

Allergens as triggers for Th2 responses are associated with epigenetic modifications in target cells

Microbes in the human environment are capable to protect against allergy development via epigenetic mechanisms

Airborne, xenobiotic exposures act though epigenetic modulation and enhance early allergic development

Dietary and metabolic factors are capable to modify epigenetic programs

Conclusion.

Abbreviations

10 - The Physiological Induction of Tolerance to Allergens

Mechanisms of oral tolerance

Mechanisms of airway tolerance

Mechanisms of action of iTreg in mediating oral and airway tolerance

Early-life exposures can influence immune programming of tolerance

Summary

11 - Microbiome and the Effect on Immune Response

Coevolutionary interdependency of the microbiome and the immune system

Microbiome acquisition and development

Effects of the microbiome on immune development

Influence of the microbiome on allergy development

Future perspectives

12 - Indoor Allergen Exposure

Pet exposure

Preventive measures reducing pet allergen exposure

House dust mite

House dust mite avoidance

Cockroaches

Molds

Other allergens

13 - Microbial Influences on the Development of Atopy

14 - Role of Vaccines

Allergens that may be contained in vaccines

Allergic immune responses to vaccines

Immunization and development of allergy

Considerations for some specific vaccines

Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis

Rotavirus

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

Influenza

Diagnostic aspects

Identification of patients at heightened risk

Immunization of patients at heightened risk

15 - Breast-Always Best?

Historical aspects

Challenges with studies

Evidence for breastfeeding in allergy prevention

Possible mechanisms by which breastfeeding may protect against allergies

Use of infant formulas versus breastfeeding

Human milk immunomodulatory components

Secretory IgA

Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors

Leukocytes

Soluble CD14

Fatty acids

Human milk microbiome

Oligosaccharides

Exosomes.

Impact of maternal interventions during breastfeeding on prevention of allergy

Food avoidance diets

Maternal probiotics, PUFA, vitamins, and antibiotics

Abbreviations

16 - Dietary Interventions in Infancy

The gut, the diet, and oral tolerance in early life

Allergens in the diet: from avoidance toward tolerance induction

Allergens in the maternal diet

Allergens in the infant diet

Immunomodulation via dietary interventions

Breast milk

Hydrolysates

Tolerogenic peptides

Probiotics

Prebiotics

Synbiotics

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Antioxidants

17 - Allergen Exposure and Avoidance as Part of Early Intervention and Prevention

Allergen avoidance

Allergen exposure, sensitization, and disease

House dust mite allergen avoidance in primary prevention

Avoidance of other allergens

Why environmental allergen avoidance in primary prevention is not effective

Secondary avoidance

Studies involving moving patients to a sanatorium or hospital

Secondary allergen avoidance by making changes in the patient's own home

18 - Pharmacotherapies Early in Life to Prevent the Atopic March

Adverse effects of pharmacotherapies on allergy outcomes

Paracetamol/Acetaminophen

Antibiotics

Acid-suppressive drugs

Prevention strategies

Primary prophylaxis agents

Skin barrier lotions

Secondary prophylaxis agents

Antihistamines

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

Specific allergen immunotherapy

Tertiary prophylaxis agents

Inhaled corticosteroids

Future therapies

19 - The Role of Antiviral Strategies for the Prevention of Childhood Asthma

Introduction/Background

General antiviral strategies to consider.

Lessons learned from antiviral strategies focused on RSV

Antiviral strategies for rhinovirus

Specific antivirals

Interferon and interferon inducers

Vaccine development

Other antiviral agents

Asthma exacerbations provoked by rhinovirus in the atopic population

20 - Prevention of Allergy/Asthma-New Strategies

Asthma initiation during childhood

Asthma genetics and environmental risk factors

Major risk factors for atopic asthma operating during early life

Timing is crucial

Plasticity of clinical phenotypes in early life

Postnatal allergen exposure and risk for allergic disease: is more worse, or better?

Hidden complexities relating to effects of microbial exposures on atopic disease phenotypes

Interactions between early infections and aeroallergen sensitization in driving development of allergic disease: atopic asthma a...

Causal pathways for asthma development in childhood-development of a roadmap for rational design of early intervention strategie...

Asthma/allergy prevention trials: what can be contemplated now?

?Prevention of induction and/or progression of sensitization to aeroallergens

?Prevention of respiratory infections during early infancy

?Targeting atopic effector pathways for modulation of inflammatory damage associated with viral infections in school-aged atopic...

?Pan-specific approaches to protection of infants against viral-induced inflammatory damage of airway tissues

Possibilities for the near-term future: new therapeutics and repurposing of existing drugs for asthma prevention

21 - Antiallergic Strategies: Induction of Tolerance to Food

Definition of oral tolerance

Immunological mechanisms of oral tolerance

Clinical phenotypes of oral tolerance.

Risk and protective factors for food allergy.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 17, 2015).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780127999302

0127999302

OCLC:

932328774