Halophytes for food security in dry lands / edited by Muhammad Ajmal Khan [and three others] ; contributors, Chedly Abdelly [and fifty others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Khan, M. Ajmal, editor.

Abdelly, Chedly, contributor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Halophytes.

Food security.

Arid regions agriculture.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Academic Press, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Halophytes for Food Security in Dry Lands addresses the concerns surrounding global food scarcity, especially focusing on those living in arid and dry landsThe book touches on food crises in dry regions of the world and proposes halophytes as an alternate source of consumption for such areas.

Contents:

Front Cover

Halophytes for Food Security in Dry Lands

Copyright Page

Contents

Foreword by Sheikha Abdulla Al Misnad

Foreword by Eiman Al-Mustafawi

List of Contributors

Introduction

1 Characterization and Function of Sodium Exchanger Genes in Aeluropus lagopoides Under NaCl Stress

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Materials and Methods

1.2.1 Plant Material

1.2.2 Isolation of the cDNA and Sequence Analysis of VNHX and PMNHX

1.2.3 Growth Conditions and Harvest

1.2.4 Quantification of Gene Expression by qRT-PCR

1.2.5 Measurement of Na+ in Plant Sap

1.2.6 Secretion of Na+

1.2.7 Malondialdehyde Content

1.2.8 Statistical Analyses

1.3 Results

1.3.1 Molecular Characterization of VNHX and PMNHX

1.3.2 Growth

1.3.3 Peroxidation of Lipid Membrane

1.3.4 Flux in Na+

1.3.5 Secretion of Na+

1.3.6 Gene Expression

1.4 Discussion

References

2 Multi-Temporal Soil Salinity Assessment at a Detailed Scale for Discriminating Halophytes Distribution

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Objective

2.3 Methodology

2.3.1 Area of Study

2.3.2 Design of the Soil Survey and Vegetation Inventories

2.3.3 Plants Inventory

2.3.4 Soil Sampling and Analysis

2.3.5 Electromagnetic Soil Salinity Survey, Geostatistics EMI Calibration and Mapping

2.4 Results and Discussion

2.4.1 EMI Survey

2.4.2 Vegetation Inventories and Relation with Salinity Gradients

2.4.3 Soil Properties

2.4.4 Maps of Predicted ECe (Calibrated)

2.4.5 Spatial Variation of Soil Salinity ECa at the Micro-Scale

2.4.6 Multi-Temporal EMI Measurement in Selected Vegetation Inventories

2.5 Conclusions

3 Nutritional Value of Chenopodium quinoa Seeds Obtained from an Open Field Culture Under Saline Conditions

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Materials and Methods

3.2.1 Site Experiment.

3.2.2 Experimental Design and Irrigation Protocol

3.3 Results and Discussion

3.3.1 Yield Data

3.3.2 Composition

3.4 Conclusion

4 Halophytes and Saline Vegetation of Afghanistan, a Potential Rich Source for People

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Methods

4.3 Results

4.3.1 Vegetation

4.3.2 The Halophytic Flora and Useful Halophytes

4.4 Discussion

4.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

5 Comparison of Seed Production and Agronomic Traits of 20 Wild Accessions of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. Grown Under Greenh...

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Materials and Methods

5.2.1 Relevant Biology of S. bigelovii

5.2.2 Source of Wild Accessions

5.2.3 Experimental Design

5.2.4 Greenhouse Procedures and Crop Observations

5.2.5 Harvest and Processing

5.2.6 Seed Purity and Proximate Analysis

5.2.7 Environmental Measurements

5.2.8 Statistical Methods

5.3 Results

5.3.1 Survival and Growth

5.3.2 Temperature Effects

5.3.3 Oil Content

5.4 Discussion

5.5 Conclusion

5.6 Acknowledgment

6 Carbon Mitigation: A Salt Marsh Ecosystem Service in Times of Change

6.1 Salt Marshes: Key Ecosystems

6.2 Salt Marsh Sediments: Sinks or Sources?

6.3 Halophytes: An Efficient Carbon Pump

6.4 Out-Welling Carbon

6.5 Hydrological Control of Carbon Stocks

6.6 Global Warming and Carbon Stocks

6.7 CO2 Rising in Salt Marshes: Improvement or Constraint?

6.8 Final Remarks

7 Food Security in the Face of Salinity, Drought, Climate Change, and Population Growth

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Problem of Food Security

7.3 The Problem of Salinity in Agriculture

7.4 Fitting Crops to the Environment-A Place for Halophytes?

7.4.1 Option 1

7.4.2 Option 2

7.4.3 Option 3

7.4.4 Option 4

7.5 Concluding Remarks

References.

8 The Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems for Nature Protection and Food Productivity: Actions of UNESCO's Man and the Biosph...

8.1 UNESCO Normative Tools to Ensure the Protection of the Environment and Its Wise Use

8.2 The MAB and Its World Network of Biosphere Reserves

8.3 Distribution and Socio-Economic and Environmental Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems

8.4 Actions of UNESCO's MAB

8.5 Actions in Biosphere Reserves

8.6 Conclusion

9 The Potential Use of Halophytes for the Development of Marginal Dry Areas in Morocco

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Bio-Climate in Morocco

9.3 Biodiversity in Morocco

9.4 Vulnerability of Morocco to Climate Variations

9.5 Problems of Salinity in Morocco

9.6 Agriculture in Massa and Drâa Valleys

9.7 Potential Use of Halophytes in Areas Affected by Salinity

9.8 Youth Potential in Arid Areas in Morocco

9.9 Conclusion

10 Halophyte Transcriptomics: Understanding Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Transcriptome Sequencing Overview

10.3 Applications of RNA Studies

10.4 NGS Approaches for Salt-Tolerance Studies

10.5 Genes Involved in General Metabolism

10.5.1 Genes for Cell Maintenance

10.5.2 Stress Genes

10.5.3 Photosynthetic Genes

10.5.4 Mitochondrial and ROS Related Genes

10.5.5 Proline and Other Amino Acids

10.5.6 Genes Encoding Plant Hormones

10.5.7 Genes Encoding Ion Transporters

10.5.7.1 Antiporters

10.5.7.2 Aquaporin

10.6 Regulatory Molecules

10.7 LEA Protein Coding Genes

10.8 Other Genomic Elements

10.9 Pathways

10.10 Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgment

11 Sustainable Diversity of Salt-Tolerant Fodder Crop-Livestock Production System Through Utilization of Saline Natural Res...

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Egypt's General Characteristics.

11.3 General Characteristics of Project Location in Sinai Region

11.3.1 North Sinai

11.3.2 Ras Sudr Area

11.4 Main Activities and Results

11.4.1 Development and Transfer of Farmer-Based Seed Production Technologies

11.4.2 Production and Dissemination of a Package of Efficient Forage Production and Utilization Suitable for Marginal Envir...

11.4.2.1 Winter Season

11.4.2.2 Summer Season

11.4.3 Fodder Crop Utilization and Livestock Production

11.4.3.1 Chemical Composition of Fodder Crop Species

11.4.3.2 Evaluate the Nutritive Value of the Introduced Fodder Crop Species

11.4.3.3 Evaluate the Reproductive and Productive Performance of Sheep and Goats Fed the Tested Plant Species

11.4.4 Capacity Building and Economic Assessment

11.5 Conclusions

12 Insights into the Ecology and the Salt Tolerance of the Halophyte Cakile maritima Using Multidisciplinary Approaches

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Latitudinal Distribution and Taxonomic Diversity

12.3 Dispersal and Environmental Adaptation

12.4 Basis of the Tolerance to Salinity

12.4.1 Physiological Mechanisms

12.4.2 Early Responses to Salinity are Crucial to Distinguish Between Halophytes and Glycophytes

12.4.2.1 Early Osmotic and Ionic Effects of Salinity

12.4.2.2 Early Antioxidant Responses

12.4.3 Cellular Mechanisms

12.5 Cakile maritima: Model Halophyte for Future Research in Salt-Stress Physiology

13 Exogenous Chemical Treatments Have Differential Effects in Improving Salinity Tolerance of Halophytes

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Materials and Methods

13.2.1 Test Species

13.2.2 Seed Collection Sites

13.2.3 Experiment 1: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination

13.2.4 Experiment 2: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Growth.

13.2.5 Experiment 3: Effect of Water-Spray on Salinity Tolerance

13.2.6 Statistical Analyses

13.3 Results

13.3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination

13.3.2 Experiment 2: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Growth

13.3.3 Experiment 3: Effect of Water-Spray on Salinity Tolerance

13.4 Discussion

13.4.1 Seed Germination Responses to Salinity and Chemical Treatments

13.4.2 Growth Responses to Salinity and Chemical Treatments

13.4.3 Involvement of Water-Spray in Salinity Injury Mitigation

13.5 Conclusions

14 Food and Water Security for Dry Regions: A New Paradigm

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Water and Food Production

14.3 Conventional Solutions

14.4 Nonconventional Solutions

14.5 Potential Uses of Halophytes

14.5.1 Food

14.5.2 Fodder, Feed, Forage

14.5.3 Medicine

14.5.4 Edible Oil

14.5.5 Biofuel

14.6 What We Have Done

14.6.1 Fodder

14.6.2 Medicine

14.6.3 Edible Oil

14.6.4 Biofuel

14.7 Future Directions, Pitfalls, and Possibilities

15 Genetic and Environmental Management of Halophytes for Improved Livestock Production

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Potential Forage and Crop Solutions

15.3 Halophytes for Livestock

15.4 Current Limitations in the Use of Halophytes for Livestock Production

15.5 Genetic Improvement of Halophytes for Livestock

15.6 Environmental Manipulation

15.6.1 Water

15.6.2 Salinity

15.6.3 Fertilizer

15.7 Conclusions

16 Drought and Salinity Differently Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolites of "Chenopodium quinoa Willd" Seedlings

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Materials and Methods

16.2.1 Plant Material

16.2.2 Plantlet Growth in Pots

16.2.3 Determination of Enzyme Activities.

16.2.4 Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-12-801880-1

0-12-801854-2

OCLC:

921831461