Identifying ignitable liquids in fire debris : a guideline for forensic experts / Jeanet Hendrikse, Michiel Grutters, Frank Schäfer.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hendrikse, Jeanet, author.

Grutters, Michiel, author.

Schäfer, Frank (Of Germany. Bundeskriminalamt), author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Flammable liquids.

Flammable liquids--Identification.

Fire investigation.

Forensic sciences.

Physical Description:

1 online resource : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Academic Press, 2016.

Summary:

Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: A Guideline for Forensic Experts discusses and illustrates the characteristics of different ignitable liquid products. This guideline builds on the minimum criteria of the ignitable liquid classes defined in the internationally accepted standard ASTM E1618 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The volume provides information on the origin of the characteristics of these ignitable liquid products and provides a summary of characteristics to demonstrate a positive identification of the particular product class. Topics such as the term ignitable liquid, relevant guidelines for fire debris analysis, production processes of ignitable liquids, fire debris analysis methods, and interferences in fire debris analysis, are briefly discussed as these topics are essential for the understanding of the identification and classification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris.--publisher.

Contents:

Front Cover

Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris

Copyright Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Biographies

Introduction

1 Ignitable Liquid Products

2 ASTM E1618

2.1 Introduction

2.2 ASTM E1618 Classification Scheme

2.3 ASTM E1618 Minimum Identification Criteria

2.4 ASTM E1618 Versus Guideline

3 General Production Processes of Ignitable Liquid Products

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Crude Oil Fuels

3.2.1 Petroleum Refinery

3.2.2 Primary Petroleum Distillates

3.2.2.1 Naphtha

3.2.2.2 Kerosene

3.2.2.3 Gasoil

3.2.3 Gasoline

3.3 Noncrude Oil Fuels

3.3.1 XTL-Fuel

3.3.1.1 Coal-To-Liquid

3.3.1.2 Gas-To-Liquid

3.3.1.3 Biomass-To-Liquid

3.3.2 Biomass-Based Fuels

3.3.2.1 First Generation Biofuels [13]

3.3.2.2 Second Generation Biofuels [13]

3.3.2.3 Third Generation Biofuels [13]

4 Fire Debris Analysis Methods

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Extraction Methods

4.3 Influences on Recovery of Ignitable Liquid Compositions

4.3.1 Effect of Headspace Temperature

4.3.2 Effect of Sampling Time/Volume

4.3.3 Effect of Ignitable Liquid Concentration

5 Interferences in Identification of Ignitable Liquid Products

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Substrate Background Products

5.3 Pyrolysis and Combustion Products

6 Guidance for Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Gasoline

6.2.1 Introduction

6.2.2 Overall Composition of Gasoline

6.2.2.1 Alkane Composition

6.2.2.2 Aromatic Composition

6.2.2.3 Oxygenates Composition

6.2.3 Presence of Particular Refinery Products

6.2.4 Effects that Alter the Composition of Gasoline

6.2.4.1 Partial Evaporation

6.2.4.2 Microbial Degradation

6.2.4.3 Matrix/Pyrolysis Interference

6.2.5 Composition of Gasoline Compared to Aromatic Products.

6.2.6 Composition of Gasoline Compared to Alkylate Gasoline

6.2.7 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Gasoline

6.3 Petroleum Distillates

6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.2 Light Petroleum Distillates

6.3.2.1 Introduction

6.3.2.2 Overall Composition of LPD

6.3.2.3 Effects that Alter the Composition of LPD

6.3.2.3.1 Partial Evaporation

6.3.2.3.2 Microbial Degradation

6.3.2.4 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of LPD

6.3.3 Medium Petroleum Distillates

6.3.3.1 Introduction

6.3.3.2 Overall Composition of MPD

6.3.3.3 Composition of Conventional MPD Compared to De-Aromatized MPD

6.3.3.4 Composition of Conventional MPD Compared to Dewaxed MPD

6.3.3.5 Effects that Alter the Composition of MPD

6.3.3.5.1 Partial Evaporation

6.3.3.5.2 Microbial Degradation

6.3.3.6 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of MPD

6.3.4 Heavy Petroleum Distillates

6.3.4.1 Introduction

6.3.4.2 Overall Composition of HPD

6.3.4.3 Composition of Conventional HPD Compared to De-Aromatized HPD

6.3.4.4 Composition of Conventional HPD Compared to Dewaxed HPD

6.3.4.5 Composition of Conventional HPD Diesel Oil Compared to GTL Diesel Oil

6.3.4.6 Effects that Alter the Composition of HPD

6.3.4.6.1 Partial Evaporation

6.3.4.6.2 Microbial Degradation

6.3.4.6.3 Matrix/Pyrolysis Interference

6.3.4.7 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of HPD

6.3.5 "Light to Medium" and "Medium to Heavy" Petroleum Distillates

6.3.6 Composition of Petroleum Distillates Compared Isoparaffinic Products

6.3.7 Composition of Petroleum Distillates Compared to Normal Alkane-Isoparaffinic Products

6.3.8 Petroleum Distillates in Technical Solvents

6.4 Isoparaffinic Products

6.4.1 Introduction.

6.4.2 Composition of Isoparaffinic Products Compared to (De-Aromatized) Petroleum Distillates

6.4.3 Composition of Normal Alkane-Isoparaffinic Products

6.4.4 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Isoparaffinic Products

6.5 Aromatic Products

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 Composition of Aromatic Product Compared to Gasoline

6.5.3 Aromatic Products in Technical Solvents

6.5.4 Matrix Interference

6.5.5 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Aromatic Products

6.6 Naphthenic-Paraffinic Products

6.6.1 Introduction

6.6.2 Naphthenic-Paraffinic Products in Technical Solvents

6.6.3 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Naphthenic-Paraffinic Products

6.7 Normal Alkane Products

6.7.1 Introduction

6.7.2 Composition of Normal Alkane-Isoparaffinic Products

6.7.3 Normal Alkane Products in Technical Solvents

6.7.4 Matrix Interference

6.7.5 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Normal Alkane Products

6.8 Oxygenated Solvents

6.8.1 Introduction

6.8.2 Oxygenated Compounds/Solvents in Technical Solvents

6.8.3 Matrix Interference

6.8.3.1 Microbial Degradation

6.8.3.2 Matrix Interference

6.8.4 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of Oxygenated Solvents

6.9 Other-Miscellaneous

6.9.1 Introduction

6.9.2 Matrix Interference

6.9.3 Summary of Characteristics for the Identification of an Ignitable Liquid from the Class "Other-Miscellaneous"

Annex A: Summary of GCMS Methods and Conditions

References

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 04, 2015).

ISBN:

9780128043875

0128043873

OCLC:

932329955