Handbook of offshore helicopter transport safety : essentials of underwater egress and survival / edited by Michael J. Taber.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Taber, Michael J., editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing in mechanical engineering.

Woodhead Publishing in mechanical engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Helicopters--Safety measures.

Helicopters.

Helicopters--Safety measures--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Woodhead Publishing, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Handbook of Offshore Helicopter Transport Safety: Essentials of Underwater Egress and Survival provides a comprehensive look at the issues and concerns facing offshore helicopter transport. The book offers guidance for offshore helicopter operators, survival instructors, and the global offshore workforce, including discussions of safety management systems, safety briefings, survival equipment, underwater egress training, water impact/ditching statistics, and search and rescue.Each area of interest details pertinent information spanning approximately 30 years of offshore operations. Early sections discuss helicopter transport safety, safety regulations, and standards, while subsequent chapters cover Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET) programs and their development and training, followed by final chapters on the effects of HUET, Emergency Breathing Systems (EBS), and Helicopter Transportation Suit (HTS).- Presents Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET), requirements for physical fidelity, contextual interference, and retention of skills- Details the current understanding of breath-holding and cardiac response in cold environments- Discusses stress, executive functioning, and performance in extreme situations- Covers current standards of emergency breathing systems and next to skin clothing following egress from a ditched helicopter in cold water- Includes the most up-to-date water impact/ditching statistics with a focus on human tolerances and survivability

Contents:

Front Cover

Handbook of Offshore Helicopter Transport Safety: Essentials of Underwater Egress and Survival

Copyright

CONTENTS

ABOUT THE EDITOR

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

PREFACE

1 - Introduction to Factors Influencing Offshore Helicopter Transport Safety

1.1 WHY A BOOK ON OFFSHORE HELICOPTER SAFETY?

1.1.1 Human Systems Integration

1.1.2 Helicopter Accident Statistics

1.1.3 Relevant Safety Legislation and Current Standards

1.1.4 Safety Culture versus Safety Climate

1.1.5 Overview of Focused Chapters

REFERENCES

2 - Development and Implementation of Helicopter Underwater Egress Training Programs

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 History of Ditching Training

2.1.2 Development and Implementation of HUET

2.1.3 Types of Programs

2.1.3.1 Military Programs

2.1.3.2 Paramilitary/Civilian Programs

2.1.3.3 Offshore Specific Programs

Canadian HUET

Norwegian HUET

OPITO HUET

2.1.3.4 HUET Program Summary

2.1.4 Vital Information

2.1.5 Optimal HUET Program Development

2.1.5.1 Preimpact Phase

2.1.5.2 Impact Phase

2.1.5.3 Postimpact Phase

2.1.5.4 Survival/Rescue Phase

2.1.6 Practical HUET Safety Protocols

2.1.6.1 Operational HUET Process

Nonemergency HUET Response

Emergency HUET Response

Performance Evaluation

Characteristics of an Effective HUET Program

3 - Psychological Factors in Underwater Egress and Survival

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 THE BRAIN AS AN INFORMATION-PROCESSING SYSTEM

3.2.1 Working Memory

3.2.2 Executive Attention

3.2.3 The Supervisory System

3.3 NATURAL HISTORY OF AN EMERGENCY

3.3.1 The Preimpact Phase

3.3.2 The Impact Phase

3.3.3 The Recoil Phase

3.4 COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN EMERGENCIES

3.5 SURVIVOR BEHAVIORS: DYSEXECUTIVE SURVIVOR SYNDROME

3.5.1 Loss of Initiative

3.5.2 Stereotypy

3.5.3 Perseveration.

3.5.4 Action Disorders

3.5.4.1 Hypoactivity

3.5.4.2 Hyperactivity

3.5.4.3 Cognitive Paralysis

3.6 THE DITCHING: IMPACT PHASE

3.7 POSTDITCHING: RECOIL PHASE

3.8 CONCLUSION

4 - The Physiological Responses to Cold-Water Immersion and Submersion: From Research to Protection

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 BACKGROUND

4.3 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

5 - Psychophysiological Responses to Immersion: Preparation and Habituation

5.1 BACKGROUND

5.2 INTRODUCTION

5.3 PREPARATION FOR COLD-WATER IMMERSION: PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES

5.4 VARIATION IN THE RESPONSE TO PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

5.5 PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS TO BREATH-HOLDING IN AIR AND WATER

5.6 ANXIETY AND THE COLD SHOCK RESPONSE

5.7 PREPARATORY PSYCHOLOGICAL STRATEGIES AND COLD-WATER IMMERSION

5.7.1 Goal-Setting

5.7.2 Arousal Regulation

5.7.3 Mental Imagery

5.7.4 Positive Self-Talk

5.8 EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFICACY OF PST DURING COLD-WATER IMMERSION

5.9 OTHER MEANS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION

5.10 HABITUATION TO COLD WATER: A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE?

5.11 HABITUATION: A POSSIBLE MECHANISM

5.12 THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF HABITUATION AND PST: A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT?

5.13 SUMMARY

6 - Physiological and Cognitive Changes during Helicopter Underwater Egress Training

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 TRAINING RELUCTANCE

6.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES

6.4 HUET AND COGNITION

6.4.1 Prefrontal Cortex

6.4.2 Hippocampus

6.4.3 Individual Differences in Response to Threat

6.5 MEDIATORS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO HUET

6.5.1 Social Support

6.5.2 Mood State

6.5.3 Nutrition

6.5.4 Drug Enhancers for Performance

6.6 REALISM IN HUET

6.7 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES POSTTRAINING

6.8 RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES.

7 - Use and Implications of Fidelity in Helicopter Underwater Egress Training

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 CONTEXTUALIZATION OF FIDELITY

7.3 USE OF SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTS FOR TRAINING

7.4 PART-TASK VERSUS WHOLE-TASK TRAINING

7.5 PHYSICAL/FUNCTIONAL/COGNITIVE SIMULATION FIDELITY

7.5.1 Physical Fidelity

7.5.1.1 Physical Fidelity Guidance

7.5.1.2 Modular Egress Training Simulator (METS)™ Descent Rates

7.5.2 Transfer of Skill

7.5.3 Crash-Attenuating Seats

7.5.4 Functional Fidelity

7.5.5 Cognitive Fidelity

7.6 CONTEXTUAL INTERFERENCE IN TRAINING

7.7 PREDICTABILITY OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE

7.7.1 Low-Level Fidelity HUET Simulation

7.7.2 Medium-Level Fidelity HUET Simulation

7.7.3 High-Level Fidelity HUET Simulation

7.7.4 Extreme-Level Fidelity HUET Simulation

7.8 SUMMARY

8 - Helicopter Emergency Breathing Systems

8.1 INTRODUCTION-THE NEED FOR EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEMS

8.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

8.2.1 Early Development of EBS for Use by Military and Coast Guard Aircrew

8.2.2 Development of EBS for Use by Offshore Passengers

8.3 DESIGN

8.3.1 General

8.3.2 Compressed-Air EBS

8.3.3 Rebreather EBS

8.3.4 Hybrid EBS

8.4 EBS PERFORMANCE

8.4.1 General

8.4.2 Deployment

8.4.3 Duration of Use

8.4.4 Breathing Performance

8.4.5 Compatibility and Integration

8.4.6 Technical Standards to Assess Performance

8.5 TRAINING

8.5.1 Level of Training: Dry or in Water?

8.5.2 Frequency

8.5.3 Fidelity

8.6 CONCLUSIONS

9 - Immersion Suits for Helicopter Transportation

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 HELICOPTER IMMERSION SUITS

9.2.1 HTS Configurations and Donning

9.2.2 Neck Seals

9.2.3 Insulation Configurations

9.3 SEALING SYSTEMS AND ACCESSORIES

9.3.1 Suit Fit

9.3.2 Escape Buoyancy

9.4 EGRESS SKILL RETENTION AND EB.

9.5 EB TEST METHODS

9.5.1 Canadian Test Standards

9.5.2 ISO Test Standards

9.5.3 Real-World Implications of EB

9.6 ADDITIONAL EB IMPLICATIONS

9.6.1 Thermal Protection

9.6.2 Water Ingress

9.6.3 Equipment Integration and Snagging

9.6.4 Buddy Line

9.6.5 Emergency Breathing Systems

9.7 TEST METHODS FOR SNAGGING

9.8 IMPORTANCE OF THE STANDARD

9.9 THERMAL COMFORT AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

9.10 FLOTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HELICOPTER PASSENGERS

9.10.1 Flotation Performance

9.10.2 Spray Shields

9.11 SUMMARY

10 - Consolidation of Findings and Future Directions for Offshore Helicopter Operations

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF DITCHING EVENT SURVIVAL

10.3 IMPLICATIONS OF HUET TRAINING DIFFERENCES

10.4 COGNITIVE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DITCHING SURVIVABILITY

10.5 FOCUSED DISCUSSION OF FACTORS AFFECTING EGRESS

10.6 FINAL THOUGHTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

INDEX

A

B

C

D

E

F

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Z

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 3, 2015).

ISBN:

1-78242-188-2

OCLC:

932329921