Regulatory T cells in health and disease / [edited by] Adrian Liston, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Liston, Adrian, editor.

Series:

Progress in molecular biology and translational science ; v. 136.

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 1877-1173 ; volume 136

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

T cells.

Diseases.

Health.

Immune response--Regulation.

Immune response.

Inflammation--Immunological aspects.

Inflammation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (289 p.)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2015.

Summary:

Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease focuses on the mechanism by which T cells become regulatory T cells, the processes which control the number of regulatory T cells in the blood and tissue, and the ways in which regulatory T cell prevent autoimmune disease and interact with infections and cancer.- Contains contributions from leading.

Contents:

Front Cover

Regulatory T Cells in Health and Disease

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One: Transcriptional and Epigenetic Control of Regulatory T Cell Development

1. Introduction

2. Transcriptional Regulation in Treg Cells

2.1. Foxp3-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation

2.1.1. Foxp3 as a Master Regulator

2.1.2. Foxp3 and Its Cofactors

2.1.3. Foxp3 Posttranslational Modification

2.2. Foxp3-Independent Transcriptional Regulation

3. Epigenetic Regulation in Treg Cells

3.1. Stability of the Treg Cell Lineage

3.2. cis-Regulatory Elements of the Foxp3 Gene

3.3. DNA Demethylation

3.4. Histone Modification

3.5. Nucleosome Positioning

4. Cross talk Between Foxp3-Dependent Gene Regulation and Treg Cell-Type Epigenetic Modifications

5. Treg Cell Development

5.1. Signals Involved in Treg Cell Development

5.2. Transcription Factors Involved in Foxp3 Induction

5.3. Induction of Epigenetic Modification During Treg Cell Development

5.4. Coordination of Transcriptional and Epigenetic Changes During Treg Cell Development

6. Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter Two: Microenvironment Matters: Unique Conditions Within Gut-Draining Lymph Nodes Favor Efficient De Novo Inductio...

1. Introduction: Key Treg Characteristics

1.1. The Lineage Specification Factor Foxp3

1.2. Thymic-Derived Versus Peripherally Induced Tregs

1.3. Suppressive Mechanisms

2. Peripheral De Novo Induction of Foxp3+ Tregs Within the Gastrointestinal Immune System

2.1. The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells in pTreg Generation

2.1.1. Intestinal Antigen-Presenting Cell Subsets

2.2. Tolerogenic Cytokines Involved in pTreg Induction

2.3. Intestinal Commensals and Their Impact on pTreg Differentiation.

2.3.1. Intestinal Commensal Metabolites Shape T Cell Migration and Differentiation

2.4. Lymph Node Stromal Cells in pTreg Induction

2.4.1. FRCs and Their Modulatory Function on T Cell Responses

2.4.2. Lymph Node Infrastructure and Its Implications for pTreg Induction

2.4.3. Lymph Node Stromal Cells Retain Tissue-Specific Functional Properties

2.4.4. Stromal Cells Shaped by Their Local Microenvironment Contribute to the Treg-Inducing Properties of Their LN

3. Outlook

Chapter Three: Understanding the Roles of the NF-κB Pathway in Regulatory T Cell Development, Differentiation and Function

2. NF-κB and Treg Development

3. NF-κB Involvement in Treg Function

4. Conclusion

Chapter Four: The Molecular Control of Regulatory T Cell Induction

2. Treg Differentiation in the Thymus

2.1. T Cell receptor Signaling and Downstream Mediators

2.2. TGFβ

2.3. Costimulation

2.3.1. CD28

2.3.2. CD27-CD70

2.3.3. CTLA4

2.4. CD25, IL-2, and Common γ Chain Signaling

2.5. Nuclear Factors

2.5.1. mTOR

2.5.2. E-Proteins

2.5.3. NF-κB

2.6. Foxp3: At the Center of a Treg Transcriptional Complex

2.7. Micro RNA

2.8. Epigenetic Control of Treg Fate

3. Peripheral Treg

3.1. TCR Specificity and Signaling in pTreg Differentiation

3.2. The Role of TGFβ, IL-2, Retinoic Acid, and Microbial Metabolites in pTreg Differentiation

4. Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Five: The Special Relationship in the Development and Function of T Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells

1. T Helper 17 Cells

1.1. The Development of Th17 Cells

1.2. Evidence for a High Functional Diversity and Lineage Plasticity of Th17 Cells

1.3. Induction of Th17 Cells under Physiological Conditions in vivo.

1.4. Role of Th17 Cells in Infection and Inflammation

2. Th17 Cells and Treg Cells: A Special Relationship

2.1. Th17 and Treg Cells develop via a common Foxp3+RORγt+ Phenotype

2.2. Function and Stability of Foxp3+ T Cells that express the Th17 molecules RORγt and IL-17

2.3. Foxp3+ Treg can inhibit Th17 cells

2.4. Treg can promote Th17 induction

3. Concluding Remarks

Chapter Six: Mechanisms of Surveillance of Dendritic Cells by Regulatory T Lymphocytes

1. Of Mice and Men: An Historical Perspective on Tregs

1.1. Characterization of Suppressor T Cells

1.2. Tregs in Mice: From Scurfy to Foxp3

1.3. Tregs in Human: The IPEX Syndrome

1.4. The Multiple Faces of Tregs

2. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Tregs

3. Tregs Impair DC Function

3.1. Tregs Inhibit the Development of DC Populations

3.2. Tregs Inhibit the Migration of DCs to Draining Lymph Nodes

3.3. Tregs Sequester DCs

3.4. Tregs Downregulate the Stimulatory Capacity of DCs

3.4.1. Downregulation of pMHC

3.4.2. Downregulation of the Costimulatory Ligands CD80/CD86

3.4.3. Downregulation of the Costimulatory Ligand CD70

3.4.4. Upregulation of Inhibitory Molecules

3.5. Direct Killing of DCs

Chapter Seven: Development and Function of Effector Regulatory T Cells

2. Features of Effector T Regulatory Cells

3. Role of TCR Signaling in Effector T Regulatory Cell Differentiation

4. Cytokine Requirements of Effector T Regulatory Cells

5. Distinct Migratory Properties of Effector T Regulatory Cells

6. Functional Specialization of Effector T Regulatory Cells

7. Effector T Regulatory Cells in Nonlymphoid Organs

7.1. Visceral Adipose Tissue

7.2. Gastrointestinal Tract

7.3. Skin

7.4. Muscle

7.5. Central Nervous System.

7.6. Kidney

8. A Unified Model of Effector T Regulatory Cell Differentiation

9. Future Perspectives

Chapter Eight: Treg Cell Differentiation: From Thymus to Peripheral Tissue

2. Thymic Treg Cells

2.1. Which Signals Are Important for tTreg Cell Generation in the Thymus?

2.2. Which Cells Are Important for tTreg Cell Generation?

2.3. Is Aire Important for tTreg Cell Generation?

3. Further Differentiation of Treg Cells in the Periphery

3.1. Do Treg Cells Undergo Further Differentiation in the Secondary Lymphoid Tissues?

3.2. Do Treg Cells Undergo Further Differentiation in Peripheral Nonlymphoid Tissues?

3.2.1. Treg Cells in the Adipose Tissue

3.2.2. Treg Cells in the Skin

3.2.3. Treg Cells in the Lung

3.2.4. Treg Cells in the Liver

3.2.5. Treg Cells in the Pancreas

3.2.6. Treg Cells in the Muscle Tissue

3.2.7. Treg Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract

4. Future Perspectives

Chapter Nine: Regulatory T cells in Arthritis

2. Treg Cells in the Inflammation That Occurs in RA

3. Treg Cells in the Bone Destruction in RA

4. The Plasticity of Foxp3+ T Cell in Arthritis

5. Treg Cell-Targeted Therapies Against RA

6. Conclusions

Chapter Ten: The Immune Fulcrum: Regulatory T Cells Tip the Balance Between Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Outcomes upon Infe...

2. Acute Infections in Delicate Tissues

2.1. The Lung

2.1.1. Influenza Virus

2.1.2. Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2.1.3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2.1.4. Fungal Infections

2.2. The Brain

2.2.1. West Nile Virus

3. Acute Systemic Viral Infections

3.1. Dengue Virus

3.2. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

4. Gastrointestinal Infections

5. Chronic Infections.

5.1. Herpes Simplex Virus

5.2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

5.3. Hepatitis B and C Viruses

5.4. Parasitic Infections

6. Conclusions and Future Directions

Chapter Eleven: Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes: Mechanisms of Action and Translational Potential

1.1. Genetic Control of Autoimmunity

1.2. Control of Autoimmune Diabetes by Regulatory T Cells

2. Sites of Treg Action in T1D

2.1. Pancreatic LN

2.2. Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

3. Mechanisms of Treg Suppression in T1D

3.1. Role of CTLA-4

3.2. Role of Cytokine Deprivation

3.3. Role of TGF-β

4. Therapeutic Manipulation of Treg in T1D

4.1. Therapeutic Treg Expansion

4.1.1. Anti-CD3

4.1.2. Low-Dose IL-2

4.2. Therapeutic Treg Induction

4.3. Treg Cell Therapy

5. Concluding Remarks

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 31, 2015).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780128034194

012803419X

9780128034156

0128034157

OCLC:

932333949