Handbook of composites from renewable materials. Volume 6, Polymeric composites / edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur and Michael R. Kessler.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Thakur, Vijay Kumar, editor.

Thakur, Manju Kumari, editor.

Kessler, Michael R. (Michael Richard), 1974- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Composite materials--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Composite materials.

Biodegradable plastics--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Biodegradable plastics.

Green products--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Green products.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (727 pages) : illustrations (some color), tables, graphs

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 6 is solely focused on the " Polymeric Composites ". Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Keratin as renewable material for developing polymer composites; natural and synthetic matrices; hydrogels in tissue engineering; smart hydrogels: application in bioethanol production; principle renewable biopolymers; application of hydrogel biocomposites for multiple drug delivery; nontoxic holographic materials; bioplasticizer-epoxidized vegetable oils-based poly (lactic acid) blends and nanocomposites; preparation, characterization and adsorption properties of poly (DMAEA) - cross-linked starch gel copolymer in wastewater treatments; study of chitosan cross-linking hydrogels for absorption of antifungal drugs using molecular modelling; pharmaceutical delivery systems composed of chitosan; eco-friendly polymers for food packaging; influence of surface modification on the thermal stability and percentage of crystallinity of natural abaca fiber; influence of the use of natural fibers in composite materials assessed on a life cycle perspective; plant polysaccharides-blended ionotropically-gelled alginate multiple-unit systems for sustained drug release; vegetable oil based polymer composites; applications of chitosan derivatives in wastewater treatment; novel lignin-based materials as a products for various applications; biopolymers from renewable resources and thermoplastic starch matrix as polymer units of multi-component polymer systems for advanced applications; chitosan composites: preparation and applications in removing water pollutants and recent advancements in biopolymer composites for addressing environmental issues.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 Keratin as Renewable Material to Develop Polymer Composites: Natural and Synthetic Matrices

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Keratin

1.2.1 Feathers

1.2.2 Hair and Wool

1.2.3 Horn

1.3 Natural Fibers to Reinforce Composite Materials

1.4 Keratin, an Environmental Friendly Reinforcement for Composite Materials

1.4.1 Synthetic Matrices

1.4.1.1 Petroleum-Based Polymers Reinforced with Chicken Feathers

1.4.1.2 Synthetic Matrices Reinforced with Hair or Wool

1.4.1.3 Synthetic Matrices Reinforced with Horn

1.4.2 Natural Matrices

1.4.2.1 Natural Matrices Reinforced with Chicken Feathers

1.4.2.2 Natural Matrices Reinforced with Hair or Wool

1.5 Conclusions

References

2 Determination of Properties in Composites of Agave Fiber with LDPE and PP Applied Molecular Simulation

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Lignocellulosic Materials

2.1.1.1 Fibers

2.1.1.2 Agave

2.1.1.3 Chemical Treatment of Fibers

2.1.2 Composites

2.1.3 Polymers

2.1.3.1 Polyethylene

2.1.3.2 Polypropylene (PP)

2.1.4 Molecular Modelation

2.1.4.1 Classification

2.1.4.2 Properties

2.2 Materials and Methods

2.2.1 Geometry Optimization

2.2.2 Structural Parameters

2.2.3 FTIR

2.2.4 Molecular Electrostatic Potential Map

2.3 Results and Discussions

2.3.1 Geometry Optimization

2.3.2 Deacetylation of Agave Fiber

2.3.3 Structural Parameters

2.3.4 FTIR

2.3.5 Molecular Electrostatic Potential Map (MESP)

2.4 Conclusions

3 Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classification of Hydrogels

3.3 Methods of Hydrogels Preparation

3.4 Hydrogels Characterization

3.4.1 Mechanical Properties

3.4.2 Chemical-Physical Analysis

3.4.3 Morphological Characterization

3.4.4 Swelling Behavior.

3.4.5 Rheology Measurements

3.5 Hydrogels Applications in Biology and Medicine

3.5.1 Hydrogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

3.5.2 Hydrogels in Drug Delivery Systems

3.6 Concluding Remarks

4 Smart Hydrogels: Application in Bioethanol Production

4.1 Hydrogels

4.2 History of Hydrogels

4.3 The Water in Hydrogels

4.4 Classifications of Hydrogels

4.5 Synthesis

4.6 Hydrogels Synthesized by Free Radical Polymerization

4.7 Monomers

4.8 Initiators

4.9 Cross-Linkers

4.10 Hydrogel Properties

4.11 Mechanical Properties

4.12 Biocompatible Properties

4.13 Hydrogels: Biomedical Applications

4.14 Techniques and Supports for Immobilization

4.15 Entrapment

4.16 Covalent Binding

4.17 Cross-Linking

4.18 Adsorption

4.19 Hydrogel Applications in Bioethanol Production

4.20 Classification of Biofuels

4.21 Ethanol Properties

4.22 Ethanol Production

4.23 Feedstock Pretreatment

4.24 Liquefaction and Saccharification Reactions

4.25 Fermentation Process

4.26 Continuous or Discontinuous Process?

4.27 Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Processes

4.28 Yeast and Enzymes Immobilized

5 Principle Renewable Biopolymers and Their Biomedical Applications

5.1 Collagen

5.2 Elastin

5.3 Silk Fibroin

5.4 Chitosan

5.5 Chondroitin Sulfate

5.6 Cellulose

5.7 Hyaluronic Acid

5.8 Poly(L-lysine)

6 Application of Hydrogel Biocomposites for Multiple Drug Delivery

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Sustained Drug Release Systems

6.3 Controlled Release Systems

6.3.1 Half-Life of the Drug Formulation

6.3.2 Absorption

6.3.3 Metabolism

6.3.4 Dosage Size

6.3.5 pH Stability and Aqueous Stability of the Drug Formulation

6.3.6 Barrier Co-Efficient

6.3.7 Stability

6.4 Polymeric Drug Delivery Devices.

6.5 Multiple Drug Delivery Systems

6.5.1 Supramolecules and In Situ-Forming Hydrogels

6.5.2 Layer-By-Layer Assembly

6.5.3 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs)

6.5.4 Application of Hydrogels for Multiple Drug Delivery

6.5.5 Cancer Treatments

6.5.6 Diabetes Treatments

6.6 Tissue Engineering

6.6.1 Self-Healing

6.6.2 Molecular Sensing

6.7 Conclusion

7 Non-Toxic Holographic Materials (Holograms in Sweeteners)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Sugars as Holographic Recording Medium

7.2.1 Classification and Nomenclature

7.2.2 Monosaccharides/Glucose and Fructose

7.2.2.1 Glucose

7.2.2.2 Fructose

7.2.2.3 Disaccharides Sucrose

7.2.2.4 Polysaccharides, Pectins

7.2.2.5 Sweeteners Corn Syrup

7.3 Photosensitizers

7.3.1 Dyes

7.3.2 Dyes as Sensitizers

7.4 Sucrose Preparation and Film Generation

7.4.1 UV-Visible Spectral Analysis

7.4.2 Replication of Holographic Gratings is Sucrose

7.4.2.1 Holographic Code

7.4.2.2 Soft Mask

7.4.2.3 Thermosensitive Properties Through Mask

7.4.2.4 Replication

7.4.2.5 Diffraction Efficiency

7.4.3 Sucrose With Dyes

7.4.3.1 Sugar UV-Visible Spectral Analysis

7.4.3.2 Holographic Replicas

7.4.3.3 DE Sugar Tartrazine and Erioglaucine Dye

7.5 Corn Syrup

7.5.1 Holographic Replicas of Low and High Frequency

7.5.2 DE Corn Syrup

7.6 Hydrophobic Materials

7.6.1 Hydrophobic Mixture of Pectin Sucrose and Vanilla

7.6.2 UV-Visible Spectral Analysis

7.6.3 Holographic Replicas

7.6.4 DE Hydrophobic Films PSV

7.7 PSV with Dyes

7.7.1 UV-Visible Spectral Analysis

7.7.2 DE Films PSV and Erioglaucine

7.8 Pineapple Juice as Holographic Recording Material

7.8.1 Characterization of Pineapple Juice

7.8.2 Generation of Pineapple Films

7.8.3 Replication Technique

7.8.4 DE Pineapple Film.

7.9 Holograms Made with Milk

7.9.1 Low-Fat Milk Tests

7.9.2 DE Milk Gratings

7.9.2.1 Gravity Technique

7.9.2.2 Spinner Technical

7.10 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

8 Bioplasitcizer Epoxidized Vegetable Oils-Based Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends and Nanocomposites

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Vegetable Oils

8.3 Expoxidation of Vegetable Oils

8.4 Poly(lactic acid)

8.5 Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Vegetable Oil Blends

8.5.1 Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Palm Oil Blend

8.5.2 Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Soybean Oil Blend

8.5.3 Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Sunflower Oil Blend

8.5.4 Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Jatropha Oil Blend

8.6 Polymer/Epoxidized Vegetable Oil Nanocomposites

8.7 Summary

9 Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Poly(DMAEA) - Cross-Linked Starch Gel Copolymer in Wastewater

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Experimental Procedure

9.2.1 Materials

9.2.2 Instrumentation

9.2.3 Preparation of Cross-Linked Starch Gel

9.2.4 Preparation of Poly(DMAEA) - Cross-Linked Starch Gel Graft Copolymer

9.2.5 Determination of Nitrogen

9.2.6 Experimental Process of Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

9.2.7 Removal of Dyes

9.2.8 Recovery of the Prepared Copolymer

9.3 Results and Discussion

9.3.1 Effect of pH

9.3.2 Effect of Extent of Grafting on Metal Removal

9.3.3 Effect of Adsorbent Dose Used

9.3.4 Effect of Treatment Time on the Metal Removal

9.3.5 Effect of Agitation Speed

9.3.6 Effect of Temperature

9.3.7 Recovery of Starch

9.3.8 Removal of Dyes

9.3.9 Adsorption Kinetics

9.3.10 Adsorption Isotherm

9.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgement

10 Study of Chitosan Cross-Linking Genipin Hydrogels for Absorption of Antifungal Drugs Using Molecular Modeling

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Polymers

10.1.1.1 Properties.

10.1.2 Natural Polymers

10.1.2.1 Chitosan

10.1.3 Hydrogels

10.1.3.1 Applications

10.1.4 Antifungals

10.1.4.1 Classification

10.1.4.2 Fluconazole

10.1.4.3 Voriconazole

10.1.4.4 Ketoconazole

10.1.5 Molecular Modeling

10.2 Methodology

10.2.1 Geometry Optimization (ΔG)

10.2.2 Bond Lengths

10.2.3 FTIR

10.2.4 MESP

10.3 Results and Discussions

10.3.1 Gibbs Free Energy

10.3.2 Bond Lengths

10.3.3 FTIR

10.3.4 MESP

10.3.5 HOMO/LUMO Orbitals

10.5.4 Conclusions

11 Pharmaceutical Delivery Systems Composed of Chitosan

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Chitosan Micro- and Nanoparticles

11.2.1 Oral Applications

11.2.2 Topical Formulations

11.2.3 Ocular Delivery Systems

11.3 Bioadhesive Chitosan Hydrogels

11.3.1 Ocular Gel Formulations

11.3.2 Topical Formulations

11.4 Chitosan Topical/Transdermal Films

11.5 Chitosan as Coating Material to Produce Lipid Capsules, Liposomes, Metallic and Magnetic Nanoparticles

11.6 Oral Beads Based on Chitosan for Controlled Delivery of Drugs

11.7 Conclusion

12 Eco-Friendly Polymers for Food Packaging

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Sources of Biopolymers

12.2.1 Polymers Extracted from Biomass

12.2.2 Polysaccharides

12.2.2.1 Starch

12.2.2.2 Corn Starch

12.2.2.3 Cassava Starch

12.2.2.4 Potato Starch

12.2.2.5 Konjac Glucomannan

12.2.2.6 Starch Modifications

12.2.3 Cellulose

12.2.3.1 Cellulose Derivatives

12.2.4 Gums

12.2.4.1 Guar Gum

12.2.4.2 Locust Bean Gum

12.2.4.3 Gum Arabic

12.2.4.4 Pectin

12.2.4.5 Chitin and Chitosan

12.2.5 Proteins

12.2.5.1 Zein

12.2.5.2 Wheat Gluten

12.2.5.3 Soy Protein

12.2.5.4 Whey Protein and Casein

12.2.5.5 Collagen

12.2.6 Lipids

12.2.7 Polymers Obtained from Microbial Sources

12.2.7.1 Agar.

12.2.7.2 Alginate.

Notes:

Incudes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed April 4, 2017).

ISBN:

1-119-22442-X

1-119-22444-6

OCLC:

978248371