Handbook of composites from renewable materials. Volume 7, Nanocomposites : science and fundamentals / edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur and Michael R. Kessler.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Thakur, Vijay Kumar, editor.

Thakur, Manju Kumari, editor.

Kessler, Michael R. (Michael Richard), 1974- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanocomposites (Materials)--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Nanocomposites (Materials).

Composite materials--Design--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Composite materials.

Biodegradable plastics--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Biodegradable plastics.

Green products--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Green products.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (737 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Beverly, Massachussetts : Scrivener Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 7 is solely focused on the " Nanocomposites: Science and Fundamentals " of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Preparation, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials from renewable resources; hydrogels and its nanocomposites from renewable resources: preparation of chitin-based nanocomposite materials through gelation with ionic liquid; starch-based bionanocomposites; biorenewable nanofiber and nanocrystal; investigation of wear characteristics of dental composite reinforced with rice husk-derived nanosilica filler particles; performance of regenerated cellulose/vermiculite nanocomposites fabricated via ionic liquid; preparation, structure, properties, and interactions of the PVA/cellulose composites; green composites with cellulose nanoreinforcements; biomass composites from bamboo-based micro/nanofibers; synthesis and medicinal properties of polycarbonates and resins from renewable sources; nanostructured polymer composites with modified carbon nanotubes; organic-inorganic nanocomposites derived from polysaccharides; natural polymer-based nanocomposites; cellulose whisker-based green polymer composites; poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites reinforced with different additives; nanocrystalline cellulose; halloysite-based bionanocomposites; nanostructurated composites based on biodegradable polymers and silver nanoparticles; starch-based biomaterials and nanocomposites; green nanocomposites based on PLA and natural organic fillers; and chitin and chitosan-based nanocomposites.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 Preparation, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials (Cellulose, Lignin, and Silica) from Renewable (Lignocellulosic) Resources

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Cellulose and Nanocellulose

1.1.1.1 Types of Nanocellulose

1.1.2 Lignin and Nanolignin

1.1.3 Silica and Nanosilica

1.2 Preparation of Nanomaterials

1.2.1 Nanocellulose from Lignocellulosic Materials

1.2.1.1 Mechanical Shearing and Grinding

1.2.1.2 Steam Explosion/High-Pressure Homogenization

1.2.1.3 Chemical Methods (Acid Hydrolysis, Alkaline Treatment and Bleaching)

1.2.1.4 Ultrasonication

1.2.1.5 Other Methods

1.2.1.6 Functionalized Nanocellulose from Fibers

1.2.2 Nanolignin

1.2.2.1 Precipitation Method

1.2.2.2 Chemical Modification

1.2.2.3 Electro Spinning Followed by Surface Modification

1.2.2.4 Freeze Drying Followed by Thermal Stabilization and Carbonization

1.2.2.5 Supercritical Antisolvent Technology

1.2.2.6 Chemomechanical Methods

1.2.2.7 Nanolignin by Self-Assembly

1.2.2.8 Lignin Nanocontainers by Miniemulsion Method

1.2.2.9 Template-Mediated Synthesis

1.2.3 Nanosilica

1.2.3.1 Nanosilica Obtained from Plants

1.2.3.2 Enzymatic Crystallization of Amorphous Nanosilica

1.3 Characterization of Nanomaterials

1.3.1 Characterization of Nanocellulose

1.3.1.1 Structure and Morphology of NC

1.3.1.2 Physical Properties (Dimensions, Density, Electrical, Crystallinity, and Any Other)

1.3.1.3 Mechanical Properties

1.3.2 Characterization of Lignin Nanoparticles

1.3.2.1 Morphology of Lignin Nanoparticles

1.3.2.2 Thermal Analysis

1.3.3 Other Methods

1.3.4 Characterization of Nanosilica

1.4 Applications and Market Aspects

1.4.1 Nanocellulose

1.4.1.1 Biomedical Applications.

1.4.1.2 Dielectric Materials

1.4.1.3 In Composite Manufacturing for Various Applications

1.4.1.4 Advanced Functional Materials

1.4.2 Nanolignin

1.4.3 Nanosilica

1.4.3.1 In Composites

1.4.3.2 Nanosilica in Nacre Composite

1.4.3.3 Encapsulation of Living Cells by Nanosilica

1.5 Concluding Remarks and Challenges Ahead

Acknowledgments

References

2 Hydrogels and its Nanocomposites from Renewable Resources: Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Hydrogels from Renewable Resources

2.3 Hydrogel Technical Features

2.4 Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2.4.1 Polymer-Clay-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2.4.2 Poly(ethylene Oxide)-Silicate Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2.4.3 Poly(acryl Amide) and Poly(vinyl Alcohol)-Silicate-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2.5 Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Natural Polymers

2.6 Classifications of Hydrogels

2.7 Applications of Hydrogels as Biomaterials

2.7.1 Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications

2.7.2 Hydrogels for Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds

2.7.3 Hydrogels for Contact Lens

2.7.4 Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation

2.7.5 Artificial Muscles and Nerve Regeneration

2.8 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

3 Preparation of Chitin-Based Nanocomposite Materials Through Gelation with Ionic Liquid

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Dissolution and Gelation of Chitin with Ionic Liquid

3.3 Fabrication of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofibers by Regeneration from the Chitin Ion Gels

3.4 Preparation of Nanocomposite Materials from Chitin Nanofibers

3.5 Conclusion

4 Starch-Based Bionanocomposites

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Nanocomposites

4.3 Starch Structural Features

4.4 Starch-Based Bionanocomposites

4.4.1 Starch Silicate Nanocomposites

4.4.2 Starch/Chitosan Composites

4.4.3 Starch Cellulose Nanocomposites.

4.4.4 Starch Nanocomposites with Other Nanofillers

4.5 Starch Nanocrystal, Nanoparticle, and Nanocolloid Preparation and Modification Methods

4.5.1 Starch Nanocrystals Preparation by Acid Hydrolysis Method

4.5.2 Starch Nanocrystal Modification Methods

4.5.2.1 Starch Nanocrystals Chemical Modification by Molecules with Low Molecular Weight

4.5.2.2 Modification of Starch Nanocrystals via Surface Grafting of Polymers

4.5.3 Starch Nanoparticle and Nanocolloid Preparation and Modification Methods

4.6 Nano Starch as Fillers in Other Nanocomposites

4.7 Biomedical Application

4.8 Conclusion

5 Biorenewable Nanofiber and Nanocrystal: Renewable Nanomaterials for Constructing Novel Nanocomposites

5.1 Nanocellulose-Based and Nanocellulose-Reinforced Nanocomposite Hydrogels

5.1.1 Gelling Performances of Nanocelluloses

5.1.2 Nanocelluloses-Reinforced Nanocomposite Hydrogels

5.2 Nanocellulose-Based Aerogels

5.2.1 Preparation and Properties of Nanocellulose Aerogels

5.2.2 Nanocellulose-Polymer Composite Aerogels

5.2.3 Nanocellulose-Inorganic Nanocomposite Aerogels

5.2.4 Nanocellulose-Nanocarbon Hybrid Aerogels

5.3 Nanocellulose-Based Biomimetic and Conductive Nanocomposite Films

5.3.1 Nanocellulose-Polymer Biomimetic Nanocomposite Films

5.3.2 Nanocellulose-Inorganic Biomimetic Nanocomposite Films

5.3.3 Nanocellulose-Nanocarbon Conductive Nanocomposite Films

5.4 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal and its Nanocomposites with Unique Optical Properties

5.4.1 CNC Chiral Nematic Performances

5.4.2 CNC-Polymer Photonic Nanocomposites

5.4.3 CNC-Inorganic Photonic Nanocomposites

5.4.4 CNC-Templated Chiral Nematic Nanomaterials

5.5 Spun Fibers from Nanocelluloses

5.5.1 Spinning Performances of Nanocelluloses and Properties

5.5.2 Nanocellulose-Polymer Spinning Nanocomposite Fibers.

5.5.3 Nanocellulose-Nanocarbons Spinning Nanocomposite Fibers

5.6 Summary and Outlook

6 Investigation of Wear Characteristics of Dental Composite Reinforced with Rice Husk-Derived Nanosilica Filler Particles

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and Method

6.2.1 Synthesis of Nanosilica Powder

6.2.2 Materials and Fabrication Details

6.2.3 Determination of Hardness

6.2.4 Determination of Flexural Strength

6.2.5 Determination of Wear

6.2.6 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope

6.3 Results and Discussion

6.3.1 Effect of Vickers Hardness on the Dental Composite Filled with Silane-Treated Nanosilica

6.3.2 Effect of Flexural Strength on the Dental Composite Filled with Silane-Treated Nanosilica

6.3.3 Steady-State Condition for Wear Characterization in Food Slurry and Acidic Medium

6.3.3.1 Effect of Chewing Load on Volumetric Wear Rate on Dental Composite

6.3.3.2 Effect of Profile Speed on Volumetric Wear Rate of Dental Composite

6.3.3.3 Effect of Chamber Temperature on Volumetric Wear Rate of Dental Composite

6.3.4 Wear Analysis of Experimental Results by Taguchi Method and ANOVA Analysis

6.3.4.1 Wear Analysis of Silane-Treated Nanosilica-Filled Dental Composite in Food Slurry Using Taguchi and ANOVA

6.3.4.2 Wear Analysis of Silane-Treated Nanosilica-Filled Dental Composite in Citric Acid Using Taguchi and ANOVA

6.3.5 Surface Morphology of Worn Surfaces Under Food Slurry and Citric Acid Condition

6.3.6 Confirmation Experiment of Proposed Composites

6.4 Conclusions

Nomenclature

7 Performance of Regenerated Cellulose Nanocomposites Fabricated via Ionic Liquid Based on Halloysites and Vermiculite

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Overview

7.1.2 Cellulose Structure and Properties

7.1.3 Regenerated Cellulose.

7.1.4 Conventional Solvent for Cellulose

7.1.5 Dissolution of Cellulose in NMMO

7.1.6 Cellulose Dissolution in Ionic Liquid

7.1.7 Regenerated Cellulose Nanocomposites

7.1.8 Halloysites

7.1.9 Vermiculite

7.2 Experimental

7.2.1 Materials

7.2.2 Sample Preparation

7.2.2.1 The Preparation of Regenerated Cellulose via Ionic Liquid

7.2.2.2 Preparation of Regenerated Cellulose Nanocomposites via Ionic Liquids

7.2.3 Characterization of the Nanocomposites Films

7.3 Results and Discussions

7.3.1 XRD Patterns of RC Nanocomposites

7.3.2 FTIR Spectra of RC Nanocomposites

7.3.3 Mechanical Properties of RC Nanocomposites

7.3.4 Morphology Analysis of the RC Nanocomposites

7.3.4.1 Transmission Electron Micrographs Images Analysis

7.3.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy Images Analysis

7.3.5 Thermal Stability Analysis of RC Nanocomposites

7.3.6 Water Absorption of RC Nanocomposites

7.4 Conclusion

8 Preparation, Structure, Properties, and Interactions of the PVA/Cellulose Composites

8.1 PVA and Cellulose

8.1.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol

8.1.1.1 Molecular Weight and the Degree of Alcoholysis

8.1.1.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of PVA

8.1.2 Cellulose

8.1.2.1 Structure and Chemistry of Cellulose

8.1.2.2 Source of Cellulose

8.1.2.3 The Particle Types of Cellulose

8.1.2.4 Properties of Cellulose

8.1.2.5 Application of Cellulose

8.1.3 PVA/Cellulose Composites

8.1.3.1 The Properties of PVA/Cellulose Composites

8.1.3.2 Application of PVA/Cellulose Composites

8.2 The Bulk and Surface Modification of Cellulose Particles

8.2.1 The Bulk Modification of Cellulose Particles

8.2.1.1 Complex Modification

8.2.1.2 Graft Polymerization

8.2.2 The Surface Modification of Cellulose

8.2.2.1 Chemical Surface Modification.

8.2.2.2 Physical Surface Modification.

Notes:

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed April 19, 2017).

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

ISBN:

9781119224464

1119224462

9781119224457

1119224454

9781119224471

1119224470

OCLC:

982018962