Fundamental bioengineering / edited by John Villadsen.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Villadsen, John, editor.

Series:

Advanced biotechnology.

Advanced Biotechnology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bioengineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (799 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, 2016.

Summary:

A thorough introduction to the basics of bioengineering, with a focus on applications in the emerging "white" biotechnology industry. As such, this latest volume in the "Advanced Biotechnology" series covers the principles for the design and analysis of industrial bioprocesses as well as the design of bioremediation systems, and several biomedical applications. No fewer than seven chapters introduce stoichiometry, kinetics, thermodynamics and the design of ideal and real bioreactors, illustrated by more than 50 practical examples. Further chapters deal with the tools that enable an understanding of the behavior of cell cultures and enzymatically catalyzed reactions, while others discuss the analysis of cultures at the level of the cell, as well as structural frameworks for the successful scale-up of bioreactions. In addition, a short survey of downstream processing options and the control of bioreactions is given.With contributions from leading experts in industry and academia, this is a comprehensive source of information peer-reviewed by experts in the field.

Contents:

Fundamental Bioengineering

Contents

List of Contributors

About the Series Editors

1: Introduction and Overview

Part One: Fundamentals of Bioengineering

2: Experimentally Determined Rates of Bio-Reactions

Summary

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Mass Balances for a CSTR Operating at Steady State

2.2 Operation of the Steady-State CSTR

References

3: Redox Balances and Consistency Check of Experiments

3.1 Black-Box Stoichiometry Obtained in a CSTR Operated at Steady State

3.2 Calculation of Stoichiometric Coefficients by Means of a Redox Balance

3.3 Applications of the Redox Balance

3.4 Composition of the Biomass X

3.5 Combination of Black-Box Models

3.6 Application of Carbon and Redox Balances in Bio-Remediation Processes

4. Primary Metabolic Pathways and Metabolic Flux Analysis

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Glycolysis

4.2 Fermentative Metabolism: Regenerating the NAD+ Lost in Glycolysis

4.3 The TCA Cycle: Conversion of Pyruvate to NADH + FADH2, to Precursors or Metabolic Products

4.4 NADPH and Biomass Precursors Produced in the PP Pathway

4.5 Oxidative Phosphorylation: Production of ATP from NADH (FADH2) in Aerobic Fermentation

4.6 Summary of the Biochemistry of Primary Metabolic Pathways

4.7 Metabolic Flux Analysis Discussed in Terms of Substrate to Product Pathways

4.8 Metabolic Flux Analysis Discussed in Terms of Individual Pathway Rates in the Network

4.9 Propagation of Experimental Errors in MFA

4.10 Conclusions

5. A Primer to 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Input and Output Data of 13C MFA

5.3 A Brief History of 13C MFA

5.4 An Illustrative Toy Example

5.5 The Atom Transition Network

5.6 Isotopomers and Isotopomer Fractions

5.7 The Isotopomer Transition Network.

5.8 Isotopomer Labeling Balances

5.9 Simulating an Isotope Labeling Experiment

5.10 Isotopic Steady State

5.11 Flux Identifiability

5.12 Measurement Models

5.13 Statistical Considerations

5.14 Experimental Design

5.15 Exchange Fluxes

5.16 Multidimensional Flux Identifiability

5.17 Multidimensional Flux Estimation

5.18 The General Parameter Fitting Procedure

5.19 Multidimensional Statistics

5.20 Multidimensional Experimental Design

5.21 The Isotopically Nonstationary Case

5.22 Some Final Remarks on Network Specification

5.23 Algorithms and Software Frameworks for 13C MFA

Glossary

6. Genome-Scale Models

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Reconstruction Process of Genome-Scale Models

6.3 Genome-Scale Model Prediction

6.3.1 Mathematical Description of Biochemical Reaction Systems

6.3.2 Constraint-Based Modeling

6.3.3 Pathway Analysis

6.3.4 Flux Balance Analysis

6.3.5 Engineering Applications of Constraint-Based Modeling

6.4 Genome-Scale Models of Prokaryotes

6.4.1 Escherichia coli

6.4.2 Other Prokaryotes

6.4.3 Prokaryotic Communities

6.5 Genome-Scale Models of Eukaryotes

6.5.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

6.5.2 Other Unicellular Eukaryotes

6.5.3 Other Multicellular Eukaryotes

6.6 Integration of Polyomic Data into Genome-Scale Models

6.6.1 Integration of Transcriptomics and Proteomics Data

6.6.2 Metabolomics Data

6.6.3 Integration of Multiple Omics

Acknowledgment

7. Kinetics of Bio-Reactions

7.1 Simple Models for Enzymatic Reactions and for Cell Reactions with Unstructured Biomass

7.2 Variants of Michaelis-Menten and Monod kinetics

7.3 Summary of Enzyme Kinetics and the Kinetics for Cell Reactions

7.4 Cell Reactions with Unsteady State Kinetics

7.5 Cybernetic Modeling of Cellular Kinetics.

7.6 Bioreactions with Diffusion Resistance

7.7 Sequences of Enzymatic Reactions: Optimal Allocation of Enzyme Levels

8. Application of Dynamic Models for Optimal Redesign of Cell Factories

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Kinetics of Pathway Reactions: the Need to Measure in a Very Narrow Time Window

8.2.1 Sampling

8.2.2 Quenching and Extraction

8.2.3 Analysis

8.2.4 Examples for Quantitative Measurements of Metabolites in Stimulus-Response Experiments

8.3 Tools for In Vivo Diagnosis of Pathway Reactions

8.3.1 Modular Decomposition of the Network: the Bottom-Up Approach

8.4 Examples: The Pentose-Phosphate Shunt and Kinetics of Phosphofructokinase

8.4.1 Kinetics of the Irreversible Reactions of the Pentose-Phosphate Shunt

8.4.2 Kinetics of the Phophofructokinase I (PFK1)

8.5 Additional Approaches for Dynamic Modeling Large Metabolic Networks

8.5.1 Generalized Mass Action

8.5.2 S-Systems Approach

8.5.3 Convenience Kinetics

8.5.4 Log-Lin and Lin-Log Approaches

8.6 Dynamic Models Used for Redesigning Cell Factories. Examples: Optimal Ethanol Production in Yeast and Optimal Production of Tryptophan in E. Coli

8.6.1 Dynamic Model

8.6.2 Metabolic Control (Sensitivity) Analysis

8.6.3 Synthesis Amplification of Hexose Transporters

8.6.4 Objective Function

8.6.5 Optimal Solutions

8.6.6 Flux Optimization of Tryptophan Production with E. Coli [67]

8.7 Target Identification for Drug Development

9. Chemical Thermodynamics Applied in Bioengineering

9.0 Introduction

9.1 Chemical Equilibrium and Thermodynamic State Functions

9.2 Thermodynamic Properties Obtained from Galvanic Cells

9.3 Conversion of Free Energy Harbored in NADH and FADH2 to ATP in Oxidative Phosphorylation.

9.4 Calculation of Heat of Reaction Q=(- ΔHc) and of (- ΔGc) Based on Redox Balances

Part Two: Bioreactors

10. Design of Ideal Bioreactors

10.0 Introduction

10.1 The Design Basis for a Once-Through Steady-State CSTR

10.2 Combination of Several Steady-State CSTRs in Parallel or in Series

10.3 Recirculation of Biomass in a Single Steady-State CSTR

10.4 A Steady-State CSTR with Uptake of Substrates from a Gas Phase

10.5 Fed-Batch Operation of a Stirred Tank Reactor in the Bio-Industry

10.6 Loop Reactors: a Modern Version of Airlift Reactors

11. Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Bioreactors

11.0 Introduction

11.1 Definitions of Mixing Processes

11.2 The Power Input P Delivered by Mechanical Stirring

11.3 Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Reactors

11.4 Conclusions

Part Three: Downstream Processing

12. Product Recovery from the Cultures

12.0 Introduction

12.1 Steps in Downstream Processing and Product Recovery

12.2 Baker's Yeast

12.3 Xanthan Gum

12.4 Penicillin

12.5 α-A Interferon

12.6 Insulin

12.7 Conclusions

13. Purification of Bio-Products

13.1 Methods and Types of Separations in Chromatography

13.2 Materials Used in Chromatographic Separations

13.3 Chromatographic Theory

13.4 Practical Considerations in Column Chromatographic Applications

13.5 Scale-Up

13.6 Industrial Applications

13.7 Some Alternatives to Column Chromatographic Techniques

13.8 Electrodialysis

13.9 Electrophoresis

13.10 Conclusions

Part Four: Process Development, Management and Control

14. Real-Time Measurement and Monitoring of Bioprocesses

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Variables that should be Known.

14.3 Variables Easily Accessible and Standard

14.4 Variables Requiring More Monitoring Effort and Not Yet Standard

14.4.1 Biomass

14.4.2 Products and Substrates

14.5 Data Evaluation

15. Control of Bioprocesses

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Bioprocess Control

15.2.1 Design Variables in Bioreactor Control

15.2.2 Challenges with Respect to Control of a Bioreactor

15.3 Principles and Basic Algorithms in Process Control

15.3.1 Open Loop Control

15.3.2 Feed-forward and Feedback Control

15.3.3 Single-Loop PID Control

15.3.4 Diagnostic Control Strategies

15.3.5 Plant-Wide Control Design

16. Scale-Up and Scale-Down

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Description of the Large Scale

16.2.1 Mixing

16.2.2 Mass Transfer

16.2.3 CO2 Removal

16.2.4 Cooling

16.2.5 Gas-Liquid Separation

16.3 Scale-Down

16.3.1 One-Compartment Systems

16.3.2 Two-Compartment Systems

16.4 Investigations at Lab Scale

16.4.1 Gluconic Acid

16.4.2 Lipase

16.4.3 Baker's Yeast

16.4.4 Penicillin

16.5 Scale-Up

16.6 Outlook

17. Commercial Development of Fermentation Processes

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Basic Principles of Developing New Fermentation Processes

17.3 Techno-economic Analysis: the Link Between Science, Engineering, and Economy

17.3.1 Value Drivers and Production Costs of Fermentation Processes

17.3.2 Assessment of New Fermentation Technologies

17.3.3 Assessment of Competing Petrochemical Technologies

17.4 From Fermentation Process Development to the Market

17.4.1 The Value Chain of the Chemical Industry

17.4.2 Innovation and Substitution Patterns in the Chemical Industry

17.5 The Industrial Angle and Opportunities in the Chemical Industry

17.6 Evaluation of Business Opportunities.

17.7 Concluding Remarks and Outlook.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed September 11, 2017).

ISBN:

9781523115181

1523115181

9783527697458

3527697454

9783527697441

3527697446

9783527697465

3527697462

OCLC:

925294466