Gaining benefits from discarded textiles : LCA of different treatment pathways / Anders Schmidt [and four others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Schmidt, Anders, author.

Series:

TemaNord 2016:537, 0908-6692

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Factory and trade waste.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (158 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Copenhagen, [Denmark] : Nordic Council of Ministers, 2016.

Contents:

Intro

Colophon

Contents

Summary

Summary of the critical review

Reviewers

The review process

Final review statement

Preface

Abbreviations

1. Introduction and objectives

1.1 Background

1.2 Goal of the project

1.3 Scope and outcomes of the project

2. Overview of flows of textiles in Nordic countries

2.1 Recycling options

3. Chemicals in used textiles

3.1 Legislation concerning chemicals in textiles

3.1.1 Implications of legislation for recycling of used textiles

3.2 Literature survey of chemicals in textiles problematic for recycling

3.3 Current situation in the Nordic countries

3.3.1 Regarding Question 1

3.3.2 Regarding Question 2

3.3.3 Regarding Question 3

3.4 Future outlook

4. The general framework for the life cycle assessment

4.1 The functional unit

4.2 The scenarios

4.2.1 Average Nordic fibre mix

4.2.2 Substitution factors

Substitution factor in reuse scenarios

Substitution factors in recycling scenarios

4.2.3 Background data

4.2.4 Cut‐off criteria

4.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment methodology

4.4 Reporting the results

4.5 Limitations of the calculations

4.5.1 Uncertainties related to geographical boundaries

Uncertainties in substitution factors

4.5.2 Impact assessment method uncertainties

4.5.3 Uncertainties in technology description

5. Common elements in all or most scenarios

5.1 Collection, sorting and distribution of sorted textiles

5.1.1 Overview of the collection system

5.1.2 Data for collection and sorting of textiles

5.1.3 Energy consumption in collection and sorting scenarios

5.1.4 Washing and drying of textiles for reuse and recycling

5.2 Marginal energy considerations

5.2.1 Efficiency in waste incineration

5.2.2 Marginal electricity

5.2.3 Marginal thermal energy.

5.2.4 Energy recovery from incineration of fibres

6. Modelling of scenarios for treatment of textile waste

6.1 Guidance for readers

6.1.1 Numbering of scenarios

6.1.2 Scenario diagrams

Process boxes

Process box names and abbreviations

Dummy processes

Flows, arrows and quantities

6.2 Scenarios 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A: Incineration of textile fibres: 1) 100% polyester, 2) 100% cotton, 3) 100% wool and 4) average Nordic fabric mix

6.2.1 Scenario 1A: Incineration of polyester

6.2.2 Scenario 2A: Incineration of cotton

6.2.3 Scenario 3A: Incineration of wool

6.2.4 Scenario 4A: Fibre mix incineration

6.3 Scenarios 1B, 2B, 3B &amp

4B: Reuse of textile products in Nordic countries substituting new products from 1) 100% polyester, 2) 100% cotton, 3) 100% wool average Nordic fabric mix and 4)) average Nordic fabric mix

6.3.1 Introduction to Nordic reuse scenarios

6.3.2 Avoided processes: Production of new textile products

6.3.3 Induced processes: Collection and sorting of textiles for Nordic reuse

6.3.4 Scenario 1B - Nordic reuse of 100% polyester products substituting equivalent new products

6.3.5 Scenario 2B - Nordic reuse of 100% cotton products substituting equivalent new products

6.3.6 Scenario 3B: Nordic reuse of 100% wool products substituting equivalent new products

6.3.7 Scenario 4B: Nordic reuse of "average textile fibre mix" products substituting equivalent new products

6.4 Scenarios 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C: Reuse of textile products in the ROW substituting new products from 1)100% polyester, 2) 100% cotton 3) 100% wool and 4) average Nordic fabric mix

6.4.1 Scenario 1C: ROW reuse of 100% polyester products substituting equivalent new products

6.4.2 Scenario 2C: ROW reuse of 100% cotton products substituting equivalent new products.

6.4.3 Scenario 3C - ROW reuse of 100% wool products substituting equivalent new products

6.4.4 Average Nordic fibre mix products substituting equivalent new products

6.5 Scenario 1D: Polyester recycling

6.5.1 Scenario 1D. Chemical recycling substituting production of virgin DMT and EG

Induced processes

Avoided processes

6.6 Scenarios 2D, 2E, 2F - Recycling of cotton, substituting cellulose pulp, virgin cotton and flax

6.6.1 Introduction to cotton recycling scenarios

6.6.2 Scenario 2D - Chemical recycling of cotton, substituting virgin cellulose pulp

6.6.3 Scenario 2E - Recycled cotton fibres substituting virgin cotton fibres for production of yarn

6.6.4 Scenario 2F - Mechanically recycled cotton fibres substituting flax insulation in Europe

6.7 Scenario 3D Recycling of wool

6.7.1 Scenario 3D - Mechanical unravelling of wool to low grade wool yarn as a substitute for polyester fibres in blankets

6.8 Scenario 4D and 4E Recycling of mixed fibres as a substitution for cellulose-base industrial wipes and low-quality flax-based filling material

6.8.1 Scenario 4D: Production of industrial wipes from used mixed textiles as a substitution for new cellulose based wipes

6.8.2 Scenario 4E: Recycling of mixed fibre as non‐woven filling material substituting flax‐based filling material

7. Results

7.1 Fibre scenarios

7.2 Polyester fibres

7.2.1 Treatment of discarded 100% polyester textiles - Nordic average marginal energy

7.2.2 Sensitivity analysis - Marginal energy scenarios in Nordic countries (polyester)

7.2.3 Sensitivity analysis: Substitution factor for polyester reuse, incineration and recycling

7.2.4 Sensitivity analysis: Increased energy efficiency in chemical recycling of polyester

7.3 Cotton fibres

7.3.1 Treatment of discarded 100% cotton textiles - Nordic average marginal energy.

7.3.2 Sensitivity analysis - Marginal energy scenarios in Nordic countries (cotton)

7.3.3 Sensitivity analysis: Substitution factors for cotton reuse, incineration and recycling

7.3.4 Sensitivity analysis: The importance of transportation in reuse and recycling

7.4 Wool fibres

7.4.1 Treatment of discarded 100% woollen textiles - Nordic average marginal energy

7.4.2 Sensitivity analysis - Marginal energy scenarios in Nordic countries (wool)

7.4.3 Sensitivity analysis: Substitution factors for wool reuse, incineration and recycling

7.5 Mixed fibres

7.5.1 Treatment of discarded textiles of mixed fibres - Nordic average marginal energy

7.6 Upscaling of results - an example

7.6.1 Sensitivity analysis

8. Data sources

9. Data quality assessment

9.1 The Pedigree approach

9.2 Scoring of data quality

10. Interpretation

11. References

12. Sammenfatning

Appendix A - Fibre mixes

Stage 1 - Identifying product types

Stage 2 - Gathering import, export and domestic production data

Stage 3 - Calculation of total quantities of each textile put on the market

Stage 4 - Aggregating into totals of each fibre type put on the market

Stage 5 - Calculating shares of fibres in total weight

Appendix B - links to results

Appendix C - Critical review

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of different treatments for discarded textiles

Draft final report: Critical Review

Critical review methodology

Reviewer

Reviewed study

ISO 14040/44 on critical review of LCA

Review procedure

General review comments

Review comments to "2 Introduction and objectives"

Review comments to "6 The general framework for LCA"

Review comments to "7 Common elements in all or most scenarios"

Review comments to "8 Modelling of scenarios for treatment for treatment of textile waste".

Review comments to "9 Results"

Review comments to "10 Data sources"

Review comments to "11. Data quality assessment"

Abstract.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed October 6, 2016).

ISBN:

92-893-4660-4

92-893-4659-0

OCLC:

959148849