Sustainable jet fuel for aviation : Nordic perspectives on the use of advanced sustainable jet fuel for aviation / Erik C. Wormslev [and seventeen others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wormslev, Erik C., author.

Series:

TemaNord ; 2016:538.

TemaNord, 0908-6692 ; 2016:538

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sustainable development.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (253 pages) : illustrations, tables.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Copenhagen, [Denmark] : Nordic Council of Ministers, 2016.

Contents:

Intro

Sustainable jet fuel for aviation

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Summary

Background and motivation

Criteria for sustainable jet fuel

Nordic policy framework for sustainable aviation fuels

Market demand and feedstock production

The Nordic market demand of sustainable aviation fuels

Feedstock availability

Technology availability

Most promising pathway scenarios

Comparative Advantages

Impact assessment

Climate change mitigation

Economic and commercial potential

Conclusions

Barriers and challenges

Challenge 1: High price gap between fossil and sustainable jet fuels

Challenge 2: Lack of congruent sustainability requirements

Challenge 3: Lack of coherent policy across Nordic region

Challenge 4: Low access to risk-capital

Challenge 5: Competing uses for feedstock

Recommendations/Initiatives to be taken

1. Introduction

1.1 Process

1.2 Structure of the report

1.3 Studies on sustainable aviation fuel

Background and Motivations

2. Global status of sustainable jet fuel

2.1 Emerging technologies

2.2 Multistakeholder initiatives

2.2.1 NORDIC, NISA, Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation

2.2.2 Norway 2015: Gardermoen Biohub

2.2.3 EU, 2011. European Advanced Biofuels Flightpath (EUABF)

2.2.4 EU, 2012: Initiative Towards Sustainable Kerosene for Aviation (ITAKA)

2.2.5 Germany, 2011. Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany (AIREG)

2.2.6 Holland, 2013: Bioport Holland

2.2.7 USA, 2012: Midwest Aviation Sustainable Biofuels Initiative (MASBI)

2.2.8 United Kingdom, 2006: Sustainable Aviation Group

2.2.9 USA, 2006: Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

2.2.10 United Arab Emirates 2014

Biojet Abu Dhabi (BAD)

2.2.11 Japan, 2014: Initiative for Next Generation Aviation Fuels (INAF).

2.2.12 Brazil, 2012: Brazilian Biojetfuel Platform (BBP)

3. Coupling of existing sustainability criteria and policies

3.1 Criteria for sustainable jet fuel

3.1.1 Greenhouse gas emissions

3.1.2 Direct and indirect landuse change

3.1.3 Nutrients

3.1.4 Pesticides

3.1.5 Biodiversity

3.1.6 Water usage

3.1.7 Generations of feedstock and biofuels

3.2 International governmental policy frameworks

3.2.1 The European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)

International Civil Aviation Organisation

3.2.2 The Renewable Energy Directive

3.2.3 The Fuel Quality Directive

3.2.4 Sustainability certification and voluntary schemes

3.2.5 The Nordic Council of Ministers

3.3 International business policy frameworks

3.3.1 The Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials

3.3.2 ISO - 13065/Standards for Bioenergy

4. Legislation and priorities in the Nordic countries and the EU

4.1 Denmark

4.1.1 Policy objectives and priorities

4.1.2 National initiatives relevant to sustainable fuels for aviation

4.1.3 National stakeholders

4.1.4 Relevant legislation at the national level

4.1.5 Upcoming policy initiatives that could affect sustainable fuels for aviation

4.2 Finland

4.2.1 Policy objectives and priorities

4.2.2 National initiatives relevant to sustainable fuels for aviation

4.2.3 National stakeholders

4.2.4 Relevant legislation at the national level

4.2.5 Upcoming policy initiatives that could affect sustainable fuels for aviation

4.3 Sweden

4.3.1 Policy objectives and priorities

4.3.2 National initiatives relevant to sustainable fuels for aviation

4.3.3 National stakeholders

4.3.4 Relevant legislation at the national level

Short-to medium targets for 2020

Long-term priorities

4.3.5 Upcoming policy initiatives that could affect sustainable fuels for aviation

4.4 Norway.

4.4.1 Policy objectives and priorities

4.4.2 National initiatives relevant to sustainable fuels for aviation

4.4.3 National stakeholders

4.4.4 Relevant legislation at the national level

4.4.5 Upcoming policy initiatives that could affect sustainable fuels for aviation

4.5 Iceland

4.5.1 Policy objectives and priorities

4.5.2 National initiatives relevant to sustainable fuels for aviation

4.5.3 National stakeholders

4.5.4 Relevant legislation

4.5.5 Upcoming policy initiatives that could affect sustainable fuels for aviation

Market and Production Pathways

5. Jet fuel Demand and price sensitivity

5.1 Current demand for jet fuel

5.2 Future demand for sustainable jet fuels in the Nordic countries

5.3 Future feedstock demand for sustainable jet fuel

5.4 Price sensitivity

6. Feedstock accessibility in the Nordic Region

6.1 Types of feedstock

6.1.1 Energy Crops

6.1.2 Marine feedstocks

6.1.3 Straw

6.1.4 Wood biomass

6.1.5 Organic waste fractions

6.1.6 Other inputs: Energy and hydrogen

6.2 Denmark - Feedstock availability

6.2.1 Energy Crops

6.2.2 Straw

6.2.3 Organic waste fractions

6.3 Finland - Feedstock availability

6.3.1 Wood biomass

6.3.2 Organic waste fractions

6.4 Norway - feedstock availability

6.4.1 Marine resources

6.4.2 Wood biomass

6.4.3 Organic waste fractions

6.5 Sweden - feedstock availability

6.5.1 Energy Crops

6.5.2 Straw

6.5.3 Wood biomass

6.5.4 Renewable organic fractions

6.6 Iceland

6.6.1 Renewable energy

6.7 Import of feedstock

6.7.1 Camelina

6.7.2 Jatropha

Waste and residues

7. Nordic Energy Infrastructure

7.1 Nordic Airports: infrastructure, supply chain and logistics

7.1.1 Denmark

Copenhagen Airport

Other Danish Airports

7.1.2 Finland

Helsinki Airport

Other Finnish Airports.

7.1.3 Norway

Oslo Airport

Other Norwegian airports

7.1.4 Sweden

Stockholm Arlanda Airport

Karlstad Bioport

7.2 Petroleum refineries

7.3 Biorefineries and production facilities

7.3.1 Denmark

Inbicon - Bio-refinery (demonstration scale)

Maabjerg Energy Center (commercial scale)

Other facilities

7.3.2 Finland

Neste Porvoo Biorefinery (commercial scale)

St1 Bioethanol plants (demonstration scale)

UPM Tall oil Diesel Biorefinery (commercial scale)

7.3.3 Norway

Borregaard Biorefinery (commercial scale)

7.3.4 Sweden

SunPine Tall oil diesel production facility (commercial scale)

Preem refinery - Gothenburg (commercial scale)

St1 refinery - Gothenburg (demonstration Scale)

GoBiGas: Gothenburg-Energy Biomas Gasification Project (demonstration scale)

Chemrec gasification plant (Pilot scale)

The Lantmännen Agroetanol, Norrköping (Commercial scale)

Biorefinery Demo Plant (SEKAB), Örnsköldsvik (Demonstration scale)

7.4 Introduction of new fuels in the supply chain

7.4.1 Upstream - feedstock, preparation and transport

7.4.2 Midstream - pretreatment and conversion

7.4.3 Downstream - Distribution and storage

8. Technology pathways

8.1 Introduction to a sustainable jet fuel technology pathway

8.1.1 Biorefining

8.2 Recognized pathways

8.2.1 Hydrotreated esters and fatty acids

8.2.2 HEFA+

8.2.3 FischerTropsch Synthesis (FT)

8.2.4 Alcoholtojet (AtJ)

8.2.5 Synthetic isoparaffin

8.2.6 Other pathways

8.3 Conversion efficiencies and product distribution

8.4 Technical complexities in sustainable jet fuel production

8.5 Nordic technologies, role in pathways and maturity

8.5.1 Technological maturity - Fuel Readiness level and Feedstock Readiness level

8.5.2 Producers of intermediates and technology components.

8.5.3 Technology profiles and new biofuel initiatives by country

Denmark

Finland

Norway

Sweden

Most Promising Pathway Scenarios

9. Most promising pathway scenarios for Nordic collaboration

9.1 Evaluation criteria

9.2 Most promising feedstock

9.3 Most promising conversion technology pathways

9.4 Identification of the most promising scenarios

9.5 Scenario 1: HEFA/HEFA+

9.5.1 Feedstock

9.5.2 Processes and infrastructure

9.5.3 Product slate and biorefining opportunities

9.5.4 Cost estimates

9.5.5 Nordic technology suppliers/actors and roles

9.5.6 Climate impact

9.6 Scenario 2: FT Forest industry integration

9.6.1 Feedstock

9.6.2 Processes and infrastructure

9.6.3 Product slate and biorefining opportunities

9.6.4 Cost estimates

9.6.5 Nordic technology suppliers and actors

9.6.6 Climate impact

9.7 Scenario 3: Lignocellulosic AtJ

9.7.1 Feedstock

9.7.2 Processes and infrastructure

9.7.3 Product slate and biorefining opportunities

9.7.4 Cost estimates

9.7.5 Nordic technology suppliers/actors and roles

9.7.6 Climate impact

9.8 Comparison of the three scenarios

10. Nordic comparative advantages

10.1 Nordic strengths on feedstock and infrastructure

10.2 Initiatives

11. International actors

11.1 Experience from other countries

Impact on Climate Change and Economy

12. Climate change mitigation impact

12.1 How to measure the climate impact of aviation fuel

12.2 NonCO2 climate effects of sustainable jet fuels

12.3 Climate impacts of the three pathway scenarios

12.3.1 Climate impact of the HEFA pathway (scenario 1)

12.3.2 Climate impact of the Fisher Tropsch pathway (scenario 2)

12.3.3 Climate impact of the Lignocellulosic AtJ pathway (scenario 3)

12.4 The impact from 2020-2050

12.5 Discussion.

13. Socioeconomic and business impact.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed October 6, 2016).

ISBN:

92-893-4663-9

92-893-4662-0

OCLC:

959150397