Chemical analysis of non-antimicrobial veterinary drug residues in food / edited by Jack F. Kay, James D. MacNeil, Jian Wang.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kay, Jack F., editor.

MacNeil, James D., editor.

Wang, Jian, 1964- editor.

Series:

Wiley-Interscience series on mass spectrometry.

Wiley Series on Mass Spectrometry

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Veterinary drug residues.

Food contamination.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (642 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

Provides a single-source reference for readers interested in the development of analytical methods for analyzing non-antimicrobial veterinary drug residues in food * Provides a comprehensive set of information in the area of consumer food safety and international trade * Covers general issues related to analytical quality control and quality assurance, measurement uncertainty, screening and confirmatory methods * Details many techniques including nanotechnology and aptamer based assays covering current and potential applications for non-antimicrobial veterinary drugs * Provides guidance for analysis of banned drugs including natural and synthetic steroids, Resorcylic acid lactones, and Beta-agonists

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

About the Editors

Chapter 1 Basic Considerations for the Analyst for Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis in Animal Tissues

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Pharmacokinetics

1.3 Metabolism and Distribution

1.4 Choice of Analytical Method

1.5 Importance of Regulatory Limits

1.5.1 Derivation of the Acceptable Daily Intake

1.5.2 Derivation of the Acute Reference Dose

1.5.3 Derivation of Maximum Residue Limits

1.5.4 Derivation of Tolerances

1.6 International Obligations for Regulatory Analytical Laboratories

1.6.1 Laboratory Accreditation

1.6.2 Validation of Analytical Methods

1.6.3 Consistent Use of Terminology

1.6.4 Sample Handling and Retention

1.6.5 Confirmatory Analysis

1.6.6 Quality Assurance Measures

1.6.7 Proficiency Testing

1.6.8 Reporting of Results

1.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 Emerging Techniques in Sample Extraction and Rapid Analysis

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Sample Extraction

2.2.1 Solvent Extraction and Protein Precipitation

2.2.2 Phase Separation by Salt-Induced Partitioning

2.2.3 Phase Separation by Low-Temperature Partitioning

2.2.4 Physical Separation by ultra-filtration

2.2.5 Sample Extraction with Green Chemistry Techniques

2.3 Extract Clean-up with Solid-Phase Sorbents

2.3.1 Solid-Phase Extraction Formats

2.3.2 Solid-Phase Sorbent Chemistry

2.4 Micro-extraction Techniques for Solvent and Sorbent Extraction

2.4.1 Solvent Micro-extraction

2.4.2 Sorbent Micro-extraction

2.5 Emerging Techniques in Liquid Chromatography

2.5.1 Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography

2.5.2 Core-Shell Columns

2.5.3 Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography

2.5.4 Other Emerging LC Techniques.

2.6 Direct Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Sample Extracts

2.6.1 Flow Injection Mass Spectrometry

2.6.2 Direct Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

2.6.3 Direct MS Considerations for Regulatory Analysis

2.7 Ion Mobility Spectrometry

2.8 Conclusions

Chapter 3 Capabilities and Limitations of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS): time-of-flight and OrbitrapTM

3.1 Available Technology

3.1.1 TOF

3.1.2 OrbitrapTM

3.2 Capabilities and Limitations of the Technology as Compared to LC-MS/MS (Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer)

3.2.1 Selectivity

3.2.2 Quantification

3.2.3 Sensitivity

3.2.4 Validation of HRMS-Based Methods

3.2.5 Method Diagnosis Tools

3.3 Analytical Methods for Veterinary Drug Residues

3.3.1 Initial Applications (Non-antimicrobial Veterinary Drugs)

3.3.2 Methods Limited to a Single-Drug Group

3.3.3 Methods Covering Multiple-Drug Groups

3.3.4 Method Components

3.3.5 Residue Testing of Anabolic Steroids and Growth Promoters

3.4 Doping Control

3.4.1 GC-HRMS

3.4.2 Accurate Mass LC-MS and LC-MS/MS in Doping Control

3.4.3 "Dilutea and Shoot" with Accurate Mass LC-MS

3.5 Accurate Mass MS in Research and Metabolism Studies

3.6 Designer Drugs and Generic Detection Strategies

3.6.1 Metabolomics in Food/Residue Analysis

3.7 The Future of Accurate Mass Spectrometry in Residue Analysis

Chapter 4 Hormones and -Agonists

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Advances in Classical Analysis of Exogenous Synthetic Hormones

4.2.1 Multi-methods: Multi-residue Methods (MRMs) and Multi-class, Multi-residue Methods (MCMRs)

4.2.2 Alternatives in Sample Preparation and Clean-up

4.2.3 Advances in Separation

4.2.4 Advances in Detection

4.2.5 Classic and New Analytical Matrices

4.2.6 Conclusions on Analysis of Exogenous Synthetic Hormones.

4.3 Bio-Based Screening Methods for Steroid Hormones, -Agonists, and Growth Hormones

4.3.1 Estrogens

4.3.2 Androgens

4.3.3 Metabolic Profiling Assay to Detect Abuse of Estrogens and Androgens

4.3.4 Progestagens and Glucocorticoids

4.3.5 Thyreostatics

4.3.6 -Agonists

4.3.7 Growth Hormones

4.3.8 Conclusions and Future Developments in Bio-Based Screening Methods

4.4 Natural Hormones

4.4.1 Natural Compounds Formed During the Digestion Process

4.4.2 Feed-Related Compounds

4.4.3 The Natural Hormones 17 -Estradiol, 17 -Testosterone, and Progesterone

4.4.4 Nortestosterone

4.4.5 Boldenone

4.4.6 Protein Hormones

4.4.7 Future Perspectives (Natural Hormones)

4.5 Control for Synthetic -Agonists: Screening and Confirmatory Methods

4.5.1 Basic Information on Nature and Regulatory Controls

4.5.2 Mechanism of Action

4.5.3 Therapeutic Use and Abuse

4.5.4 Absorption and Elimination

4.5.5 Bioavailability and Residues

4.5.6 Determination in Biological Materials

4.5.7 Future Perspective ( -Agonists)

Chapter 5 Analysis of Anthelmintic and Anticoccidial Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Foods

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Chemistry and Mode of Action

5.2.1 Benzimidazoles

5.2.2 Imidazothiazoles

5.2.3 Tetrahydropyrimidines

5.2.4 Organophosphates

5.2.5 Flukicides

5.2.6 Macrocyclic Lactones

5.2.7 Other Anthelmintic Drugs

5.2.8 Ionophores

5.2.9 Chemical Anticoccidials

5.3 Legislation

5.4 Sample Preparation Protocols for Anti-parasitic Agents in Food Matrices

5.4.1 Selective Sample Preparation Procedures for HPLC-UV/FL Methods

5.4.2 Selective Sample Preparation Procedures for LC-MS and LC-MS/MS

5.4.3 Multi-class Sample Preparation Procedures

5.5 LC-MS and GC-MS Detection of Anti-parasitic Agents in Food

5.5.1 Benzimidazole and Levamisole.

5.5.2 Macrocyclic Lactones

5.5.3 Flukicides

5.5.4 Other Anthelmintic Drugs

5.5.5 Multi-residue Methods That Combine Different Anthelmintic or Drug Groups

5.5.6 Ionophore Anticoccidial Agents

5.5.7 Chemical Anticoccidials

5.5.8 Applications of GC-MS

5.5.9 Multi-residue Anticoccidial Methods

5.5.10 Multi-class Methods

5.6 Conclusions

Chapter 6 Sedatives and Tranquilizers

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Classification and Representative Compounds

6.3 Use of Sedatives and Tranquilizers to Prevent Stress Syndrome during the Transport of Pigs to Slaughter

6.4 Sedatives and Tranquilizers with an Approved Veterinary Use in Food-Producing Animals

6.4.1 Azaperone

6.4.2 Carazolol

6.4.3 Xylazine

6.5 Sedatives and Tranquilizers without an Approved Veterinary Use in Food-Producing Animals

6.5.1 Chlorpromazine

6.5.2 Propionylpromazine (Propiopromazine)

6.5.3 Acepromazine (Acetylpromazine)

6.5.4 Diazepam

6.5.5 Haloperidol

6.5.6 Ketamine

6.6 Cocktails

6.7 Issues of Environmental Contamination

6.8 Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)

6.9 Systematic Veterinary Control over Residues and Surveillance Studies

6.10 Analyte Stability

6.11 Analytical Methods for Determination of Residues

6.11.1 Matrices

6.11.2 Extraction from the Matrix

6.11.3 Clean-up of Sample Extracts

6.11.4 Measurement Techniques

6.11.5 Contemporary Sample Preparation Techniques

6.12 Performance and Validation of the Analytical Methods

Chapter 7 The Use of Pyrethroids, Carbamates, Organophosphates, and Other Pesticides in Veterinary Medicine

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 History of Pesticide Use in Veterinary Medicine

7.1.2 Development of Chemical Pesticides

7.2 Veterinary Drug Properties, Structures, and Regulation

7.2.1 Organochlorines.

7.2.2 Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids

7.2.3 Organophosphates and Carbamates

7.2.4 Formamidines

7.2.5 Insect Growth Regulators

7.2.6 Phenylpyrazoles and Neonicotinoids

7.2.7 Synergists

7.2.8 Regulation and Maximum Residue Limits

7.3 Toxicology, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism

7.3.1 Pyrethroids

7.3.2 Organophosphates and Carbamates

7.3.3 Formamidines

7.3.4 Insect Growth Regulators

7.3.5 Phenylpyrazoles and Neonicotinoids

7.4 Analytical Methods

7.4.1 Detection Methods

7.4.2 Extraction Methods

7.5 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

8.1 Introduction: What Are Pain Killers (Analgesics) and NSAIDs?

8.1.1 The Salicylates

8.1.2 Arylacetic Acid Derivatives: Pyrrole Acetic Acid Derivatives

8.1.3 2-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives (Profens)

8.1.4 Arylalkanoic Acid Derivatives (Indene/Indole Acetic Acid Derivatives)

8.1.5 N-Anthranilic Acid Derivatives (Fenamic Acid Derivatives or Fenamates)

8.1.6 Coxibs or Cox-2-Selective Inhibitors

8.1.7 Oxicams or Enolic Acid Derivatives (Prodrugs)

8.1.8 The Anilides

8.1.9 Phenylpyrazolones

8.2 Veterinary Drug Properties, Structures, and Regulation

8.3 Pharmacokinetics/Metabolism

8.4 Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

8.5 Maximum Residue Limits/Tolerances

8.6 Analysis of NSAID Residues in Food

8.6.1 Single Analyte Methods

8.6.2 Multi-analyte Methods

8.7 Literature Reviews of Analytical Methods for NSAIDs in Biological Samples

8.8 New Developments in NSAIDs

8.9 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Certain Dyes as Pharmacologically Active Substances in Fish Farming and Other Aquaculture Products

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Therapeutic Applications and Chemistry of Certain Dyes Used in Fish Farming

9.2.1 Triarylmethanes

9.2.2 Phenothiazines

9.2.3 Xanthenes

9.2.4 Acridines.

9.2.5 Azo Dyes.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119325918

1119325919

9781119325901

1119325900

9781118696781

1118696786

OCLC:

965167155