Textbook of diabetes / edited by Richard I.G. Holt [and three others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Holt, Richard I. G., editor.

Standardized Title:

Textbook of diabetes (Pickup)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diabetes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1,107 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England : Wiley Blackwell, 2017.

Summary:

Now in its fifth edition, the Textbook of Diabetes has established itself as the modern, well-illustrated, international guide to diabetes. Sensibly organized and easy to navigate, with exceptional illustrations, the Textbook hosts an unrivalled blend of clinical and scientific content. Highly-experienced editors from across the globeassemble an outstanding set of international contributors who provide insight on new developments in diabetes care and information on the latest treatment modalities used around the world. The fifth edition features an array of brand new chapters, on topics including: * Ischaemic Heart Disease * Glucagon in Islet Regulation * Microbiome and Diabetes * Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease * Diabetes and Cancer * End of Life Care in Diabetes as well as a new section on Psychosocial aspects of diabetes. In addition, all existing chapters are fully revised with the very latest developments, including the most recent guidelines from the ADA, EASD, DUK and NICE. Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates Via the companion website, readers can access a host of additional online materials such as: * 200 interactive MCQ's to allow readers to self-assess their clinical knowledge * every figure from the book, available to download into presentations * fully searchable chapter pdfs Once again, Textbook of Diabetes provides endocrinologists and diabetologists with a fresh, comprehensive and multi-media clinical resource to consult time and time again.

Contents:

Intro

Textbook of Diabetes

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface to the Fifth Edition

List of Abbreviations

About the Companion Website and Companion Digital Edition

1 Diabetes in its Historical and Social Context

1 The History of Diabetes Mellitus

Ancient times

The 17th and 18th centuries

The 19th century

Clinical diabetes in the 19th century

The 20th century

Discovery of insulin

The postinsulin era

Causes and natural history of diabetes

Chronic diabetic complications

Physiology

Management of diabetes

Insulin

Oral antidiabetes agents

Glucose control and treatment targets

Diabetic complications

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic pregnancy

Delivery of care for people with diabetes

References

Further reading

Websites

Archives

2 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes

Introduction

Definition

Classification of diabetes

Methods and criteria for diagnosing diabetes [5,6]

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for diagnosis of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) [5,6]

Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

Other specific types

Gestational diabetes (GDM)

Intermediate hyperglycemia or impaired glucose regulation (prediabetes)

Conclusion

3 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes

Occurrence of T1DM by age, sex, place, and time

Occurrence of T1DM by age

Incidence by sex

Incidence by country

Trends in incidence over time

Variation in incidence within countries, including byethnic group

Seasonal variation in diagnosis of T1DM

Familial clustering and twin studies

Environmental risk factors for T1DM: clues from epidemiological studies

Specific putative environmental factors

Mortality

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

4 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction.

Risk factors for T2DM

Recent emerging risk factors

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Decreased sleep

Depression and treatment of depression

Drug-induced metabolic changes

Environmental toxins

Low birthweight and fetal malnutrition

Maternal obesity, maternal hyperglycemia, and other factors in early development

Methodological issues in the epidemiology of T2DM

Effects of changes in the definition of diabetes

Regional and ethnic patterns of T2DM worldwide

Africa

North America and the Caribbean

Central and South America

Europe

Southeast Asia

The Middle East and North Africa

Western Pacific region

Impact of diabetes

Mortality and morbidity

Healthcare burden and economic costs

Prevention of T2DM

5 The Global Burden of Diabetes

Distribution

Major burdens

Acute and chronic disease complications

Health utilization patterns

Disability

Psychosocial burdens

Economic costs of diabetes

Types of costs

Cost appraisal methods

Individual-level cost drivers

Country-level cost patterns

Changing trends in costs

Gaps and future directions

2 Normal Physiology

6 Islet Function and Insulin Secretion

Islet structure and function

Islet anatomy

Intra-islet interactions

Insulin biosynthesis and storage

Regulation of insulin secretion

Nutrient-induced insulin secretion

Regulation of insulin secretion by non-nutrients

7 Glucagon in Islet and Metabolic Regulation

a-Cell anatomy and development

Proglucagon gene transcription, translation and peptide processing

Regulation of a-cell secretion

Glucagon actions: hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism

Non-hepatic effects of glucagon.

Other -cell peptides

Abnormalities of glucagon secretion and action in diabetes

Pharmacology based on glucagon action

8 Mechanism of Insulin Action

Insulin receptor

Structure and function

The insulin binding site

Regulation of the InsR kinase

Systemic deletion of the insulin or type 1 IGF receptor

Tissue-specific inactivation of the insulin receptor

IRS-proteins coordinate insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling

Systemic inactivation of IRS genes

Inactivation of IRS in liver

Inactivation of IRS in muscle

PI3KAKT cascade

AKTmTORC1 cascade

AKTmTORC2AKT cascade

AKTFOXO cascade

Heterologous regulation and dysregulation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling cascade

Concerted regulation of proximal insulin signals

Transcriptional control of IRS1

Multiple factors regulate IRS2 transcription

miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation

Post-translational regulation of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling

Degradation of the IRS-proteins

Multisite Ser/Thr-phosphorylation of IRS-proteins

Modulation of insulin signaling by protein and lipid phosphatases

IRS2 as a gateway to b-cell function

9 Control of Weight: How Do We Get Fat?

Genetic factors

Heritability of obesity

Monogenic obesity

Common obesity "susceptibility" genes

"Missing heritability"-epigenetics and intrauterine imprinting

Environmental factors

Sedentary lifestyle

Energy intake-quantity of food consumed

Dietary composition: sugar versus fat

Calorically (sugar) sweetened beverages

Eating out and portion size

Snacking

Eating patterns

Advertising

Globalization and government regulation

Sleep patterns

Medications and toxins.

Medications

Toxins and endocrine disruptors

Neuroendocrine and behavioral regulation of energy homeostasis and the gut microbiome

Neuroendocrine and behavioral pathways

Gut microbiome

3 Pathogenesis of Diabetes

10 Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes

Epidemiology

Etiopathophysiology

Etiology

Genetic etiology

Pathogenesis

Cellular autoimmunity

Humoral autoimmunity

Insulin autoantibodies

Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies

Islet antigen-2 autoantibodies IA-2Ab and IA-2βAb

ZnT8 transporter (SLC30A8) autoantibodies ZnT8Ab

Candidate (minor) autoantigens

Pancreatic islet pathology before clinical diagnosis

11 Other Disorders with Type 1 Phenotype

Atypical diabetes: heterogeneous etiologies of young-onset diabetes

Monogenic diabetes

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)

Mitochondrial gene mutations

Amylin gene mutations

Other genetic mutations affecting pancreatic b-cell function

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)

Other subtypes of diabetes with type 1 phenotype

12 Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and b-Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes

Physiological insulin secretion

Natural history of b-cell failure

Genetic predisposition

Abnormalities of b-cell function precede overt diabetes

Insulin secretion progressively worsens after development of T2DM

Hyperglycemia

Hyperlipidemia

Chronic b-cell stimulation

Impaired incretin effect

Antihyperglycemic treatment

b-Cell dysfunction: exhaustion or insufficient mass?

13 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

Definition and measurement of insulin resistance in humans.

Insulin resistance as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle

Insulin resistance in the liver

Insulin resistance in adipose tissue

Stepwise development of tissue-specific insulin resistance

14 Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes

The diabetes epidemic

The diabetes spectrum

Heritability of T2DM

The genetic architecture of T2DM

Linkage studies

Candidate genes for T2DM

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify common variants associated with disease

Rare variants with stronger effects are often rare

Protective variants

Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions

Parent-of-origin effects

Epigenetics

Non-coding RNAs - microRNAs and lincRNAs

Difficulties in assigning functions to associated genes

Genotype-based treatment

Little common genetic basis for T1DM and T2DM

A holistic view - systems genetics

15 Metabolic Disturbances in Diabetes

Carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism in type 1 diabetes

Carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes

Lipid metabolism in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Protein metabolism in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Counter-regulatory hormones

16 Obesity and Diabetes

Definition of obesity and the body fat distribution pattern

Obesity is the most potent risk factor for type 2 diabetes

Genetic predisposition for obesity and type 2 diabetes

Developmental programming of obesity and diabetes

Pathophysiology of obesity

Environmental factors promoting obesity and type 2 diabetes

Pathophysiologic links between obesity and type 2 diabetes

Lipids and insulin resistance

Lipids and b-cell function.

Adipose tissue as a secretory organ.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118924860

111892486X

9781118924877

1118924878

9781118924853

1118924851

OCLC:

966485309