Nanoscience and nanotechnology for human health / edited by Bert Müller and Marcel Van de Voorde.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Muller, Bert, editor.

Voorde, M. H. van de (Marcel H.), editor.

Series:

Nanotechnology innovation & applications

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanoscience.

Nanotechnology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (419 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, [2017]

Summary:

Unique in combining the expertise of practitioners from university hospitals and that of academic researchers, this timely monograph presents selected topics catering specifically to the needs and interests of natural scientists and engineers as well as physicians who are concerned with developing nanotechnology-based treatments to improve human health. To this end, the book cover the materials aspects of nanomedicine, such as the hierarchical structure of biological materials, the imaging of hard and soft tissues and, in particular, concrete examples of nanotechnology-based approaches in modern medical treatments. The whole is rounded off by a discussion of the opportunities and risks of using nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medicine, backed by case studies taken from real life.

Contents:

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for Human Health

Series Editor Preface

About the Series Editor

Contents

Nanomedicine: Present Accomplishments and Far-Reaching Promises

Part One: Introduction to Nanoscience in Medicine of the Twenty-First Century

1: Challenges and Opportunities of Nanotechnology for Human Health

References

2: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and the Armory for the Twenty-First Century Health Care

2.1 Conceptual Dream

2.2 A Real World Encounter

2.3 Mapping the Microcosm of Disease

2.4 Delivery at the Clinical "Coal Face

2.5 A High Precision Aim for Disease Targets

2.6 A Materials Revolution for Clinical Care

2.7 Robotics for Microrepair and Healing

2.8 A Dialog with Cells

2.9 Stealth Materials for a More Potent Delivery

2.10 Improved Biointerrogation for a Better Understanding

2.11 Crossing the Structure-Function Threshold

2.12 Living Implants for a Living Matrix

2.13 Taming the Nanointerface

2.14 Where are We Now?

2.15 Where will the Revolution Take Us?

2.16 Conclusions

3: Nanomedicine Activities in the United States and Worldwide

3.1 Drug Delivery

3.1.1 Strategies for Localized Delivery of Nanoparticles

3.1.1.1 Physical Targeting

3.1.1.2 Biomaterials

3.1.1.3 Molecular Targeting

3.1.1.4 External Activation

3.1.2 Next-generation Drug Delivery Vehicles

3.1.2.1 Sequential Drug Delivery

3.1.2.2 Amplified Drug Delivery

3.1.2.3 Biomimicry

3.1.3 Implantable Devices

3.2 Diagnostics

3.3 Scaffolds

3.3.1 Bone Tissue Regeneration

3.3.2 Skin Regeneration

3.3.3 Nerve Regeneration

3.4 Clinically Approved Nanoproducts

Part Two: Leading Cause of Death: Cardiovascular Diseases

4: Challenges in Cardiovascular Treatments Using Nanotechnology-Based Approaches

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Unmet Needs in Cardiology

4.2.1 Nanomaterials for Medical Applications

4.2.2 Nanotechnology Applied to Medicine: A New Medical Discipline for Cardiology?

4.2.3 Nano Approaches for Therapeutic Problems

4.2.4 Awareness of Risks Introducing Nanotechnology to Patient Treatment

4.2.5 Decisional Analysis in Nanomedicine Development

4.3 Nanoparticles for Treatment of CVD

4.3.1 Delivery of Nitric Oxide Small-Molecule Donors

4.3.2 PLGA-based Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery

4.3.3 Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles

4.3.4 Targeting Vessel Geometry: a Physics-based Approach

4.3.5 Nanoparticles Endogenous to Atherosclerosis Pathology

4.4 Nanotherapeutics in Surgical Interventions

4.4.1 Nanoparticles in Drug-eluting Stents

4.4.2 Nanopatterning to Improve Stent Integration

4.4.3 Nanoparticle Alternatives to Stents

4.5 Conclusions

5: Smart Container for Targeted Drug Delivery

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Liposomes

5.2.1 General Characteristics

5.2.2 Release of Vesicle-Entrapped Molecules

5.2.2.1 Temperature as Trigger

5.2.2.2 Ultrasound as Trigger

5.2.2.3 Enzymes as Trigger

5.2.2.4 pH Changes as Trigger

5.2.2.5 Redox Reactions as Trigger

5.2.2.6 Photoreactions as Trigger

5.2.2.7 Shear Stress as Trigger

5.3 Shear Forces and Vesicles

5.3.1 Influence of Shear Forces on Vesicles

5.3.2 Shear Force-Responsive Vesicles

5.4 Conclusions

6: Human Nano-Vesicles in Physiology and Pathology

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Nomenclature and Definition

6.3 Stimulus for Vesicle Release

6.4 Overview of Extracellular Vesicle Biology

6.5 NVs of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

6.6 Erythrocyte NVs

6.7 Platelet NVs

6.8 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

7: Challenges and Risks of Nanotechnology in Medicine: An Immunologist's Point of View.

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Immune Stimulatory Vicious Cycle

7.3 The Cause of Immune Recognition of Nanomedicines: Similarity to Viruses

7.4 Processes in the Immune Stimulatory Vicious Cycle

7.4.1 Complement Activation-Related Pseudoallergy

7.4.1.1 Definition and Basics

7.4.1.2 Historic Leads

7.4.1.3 Foundation of the CARPA Concept

7.4.1.4 Prevalence, Symptoms, and Features

7.4.1.5 Mechanism

7.4.2 Immunogenicity and Formation of Antidrug Antibodies

7.4.3 Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC Phenomenon)

7.4.3.1 Essentials and Background

7.4.3.2 The Immunogenicity of PEG-Conjugated Nanomedicines

7.4.4 Mechanism of PEG Immunogenicity

7.5 Particle Features Influencing the Immune Side Effects of Nanomedicines

7.6 Experimental Analysis of the Adverse Immune Effects of Nanomedicines

7.6.1 Measurement of C Activation

7.6.2 Prediction of Immunogenicity

7.6.3 Prediction of CARPA

7.7 Decision Tree to Guide the Evaluation of the CARPAgenic Potential of Nanomedicines

7.8 Outlook

Part Three: Second Most Common Cause of Death: Cancer

8: Challenges of Applying Targeted Nanostructures with Multifunctional Properties in Cancer Treatments

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect

8.2.1 Biological Point of View

8.2.2 Biophysical Perspective

8.3 Physicochemical Factors that Influence NP Passive Properties

8.3.1 Influence of the Size of the NP

8.3.2 Surface Modification and Opsonization

8.3.3 Electric Charge

8.3.4 Density of Ligands

8.4 Targeted NPs

8.4.1 Choice of Target Receptor

8.4.2 Targeting Folate Receptor Using Folic Acid as an Example of a Small Ligand

8.4.2.1 Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted NPs for Drug Delivery

8.4.2.2 Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted NPs as Contrast Agents

8.4.3 Targeting Integrin with Peptides.

8.4.3.1 RGD-Targeted Gold NPs

8.4.4 Protein-Targeted NPs

8.4.4.1 Targeting Transferrin Receptor

8.4.4.2 Targeting the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor

8.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

9: Highly Conformal Radiotherapy Using Protons

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 Principles of Radiotherapy

9.1.2 Radiotherapy with X-Rays

9.1.3 Radiotherapy Using Protons

9.2 Proton Physics

9.2.1 Energy Loss

9.2.2 Multiple Coulomb Scattering

9.2.3 Nuclear Interactions and Secondary Particles

9.2.4 Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biological Effectiveness

9.2.5 Density Heterogeneities

9.2.6 Generating High-Energy Proton Beams

9.2.6.1 Cyclotron

9.2.6.2 Synchrotrons

9.3 Delivering Proton Therapy

9.3.1 Imaging and Treatment Planning

9.3.2 Passive Scattering

9.3.2.1 Spread-out Bragg Peak

9.3.2.2 Single and Double Scattering

9.3.2.3 Collimators and Compensators

9.3.2.4 Passive Scattering in Practice

9.3.3 Pencil Beam Scanning

9.3.3.1 Principle of PBS

9.3.3.2 PBS versus Passive Scattering

9.3.4 Treatment Gantries

9.4 Clinical Applications

9.4.1 Selected Clinical Indications

9.4.1.1 Uveal Melanoma

9.4.1.2 Skull-Base Chordomas

9.4.1.3 Ependymoma

9.5 The Future of Proton Therapy

9.5.1 Future is PBS

9.5.2 Current and Future Technological Developments

9.5.2.1 Treatment Delivery

9.5.2.2 Treatment Efficiency

9.5.2.3 In-Room/Onboard 3D Imaging and Adaptive Therapy

9.5.3 Clinical Future of Proton Therapy

9.6 Is There a Role for Nanotechnology in Proton Therapy?

9.6.1 Tumor Imaging

9.6.2 Dose Enhancement

9.6.3 Nanodosimetry

9.6.4 Summary

10: Self-Organization on a Chip: From Nanoscale Actin Assemblies to Tumor Spheroids

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Microfluidic Cell Culture.

10.3 Self-Regulated Loading of Cells into Microchambers

10.4 2D Cell Culture in Microfluidics

10.5 Expanding Microfluidic Cell Culture to the Third Dimension

10.6 Microfluidic Biomimetic Models of Cancer

10.7 Future Perspectives

11: The Nanomechanical Signature of Tissues in Health and Disease

11.1 Summary

11.2 Tissue Mechanics Across Length Scales

11.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Cell and Tissue Biology

11.3.1 Basic Operating Principles of AFM

11.3.2 Scale Dependency and Resolution

11.3.3 AFM in Cell Biology

11.4 The Nanomechanical Signature of Articular Cartilage

11.4.1 Articular Cartilage Composition and Function

11.4.2 The Nanomechanics of Articular Cartilage

11.4.3 The Nanomechanical Signature of Osteoarthritis

11.5 The Nanomechanical Signature of Mammary Tissues

11.5.1 Mammary Gland Composition and Mechanics

11.5.2 The Nanomechanical Signature of Breast Cancer

11.6 AFM - The Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool of the Future

Competing Financial Interests

Part Four: Most Common Diseases: Caries, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Incontinence, Allergies

12: Revealing the Nano-Architecture of Human Hard and Soft Tissues by Spatially Resolved Hard X-Ray Scattering

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Spatially Resolved Hard X-Ray Scattering

12.2.1 Introductory Remarks on X-Ray Scattering

12.2.2 Experimental Setup for X-Ray Scattering

12.2.3 Two-Dimensional Scanning Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

12.2.4 Scattering Pattern Analysis

12.2.5 Tissue Preparation

12.3 Nanoanatomy of Human Hard and Soft Tissues

12.3.1 Human Tooth

12.3.2 Femoral Head

12.3.3 Breast Tumor

12.3.4 Brain Tissue

12.4 Conclusions and Outlook

13: Regenerative Dentistry Using Stem Cells and Nanotechnology.

13.1 Introduction.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 15, 2016).

ISBN:

9783527692064

3527692061

9783527692057

3527692053

OCLC:

965778419