Human reproduction : updates and new horizons / edited by Heide Schatten.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Schatten, Heide, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Human reproduction.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (457 pages) : color illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.

Summary:

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become a significant part of human reproduction, with already one in 50 children worldwide being born through ART and the demand steadily increasing. To accommodate the various kinds of infertility problems, new methods have been developed to increase IVF and ART success rates and it has also become possible to treat sperm, eggs, and embryos in culture to improve reproductive success, to increase the health state of an embryo, and to prevent disease in the developing child. Human Reproduction: Updates and New Horizons focuses on recent developments and new approaches to study egg and sperm cells and embryo development, as well as addressing the increasing demand for IVF and ART to overcome infertility problems of various kinds that are encountered by an increasing number of couples worldwide. The book includes 10 chapters written by experts in their specific fields to provide information on sperm selection techniques and their relevance to ART; In vitro maturation of human oocytes: current practices and future promises; Molecular biology of endometriosis; Novel immunological aspects for the treatment of age-induced ovarian and testicular infertility, other functional diseases, and early and advanced cancer immunotherapy; Mitochondrial manipulation for infertility treatment and disease prevention; Novel imaging techniques to assess gametes and preimplantation embryos; Clinical application of methods to select in vitro fertilized embryos; New horizons/developments in time-lapse morphokinetic analysis of mammalian embryos; The non-human primate model for early human development; Cytoskeletal functions, defects, and dysfunctions affecting human fertilization and embryo development. This book will appeal to a large interdisciplinary audience, including researchers from both the basic science and medical communities. It will be a valuable reference for IVF clinicians, patients and prospective patients who are considering ART procedures, embryologists, cell biologists and students in the field of reproduction.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Sperm Selection Techniques and their Relevance to ART

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Need of Sperm Selection in ART

1.3 Methodology of Sperm Selection

1.3.1 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

1.3.2 Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection

1.3.3 Annexin V Labeling

1.3.4 Microfluidics

1.4 Electrophoretic Sperm Separation

1.4.1 Methodology

1.4.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.4.3 Clinical Importance of Sperm Preparation by Electrophoresis

1.4.4 Conclusion

1.5 Zeta Test

1.5.1 Methodology

1.5.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.5.3 Clinical Importance

1.5.4 Conclusion

1.6 Microelectrophoresis Sperm Selection

1.6.1 Methodology

1.6.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.6.3 Clinical Importance

1.6.4 Conclusion

1.7 Raman Spectroscopy

1.7.1 Methodology

1.7.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.7.3 Clinical Importance

1.7.4 Conclusion

1.8 Hyaluronic Acid Binding Assay

1.8.1 Methodology

1.8.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.8.3 Clinical Importance

1.8.4 Conclusion

1.9 Future Perspective

References

Chapter 2 In Vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes: Current Practices and Future Promises

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Clinical Indications for IVM

2.2.1 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)

2.2.2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

2.2.3 Fertility Preservation

2.2.4 Other Indications: Poor Responders, Normo-Ovulatory Patients, and Other Unique Cases

2.2.5 Patient Selection

2.3 Ovarian Stimulation Approaches for the Retrieval of Immature Oocytes

2.4 Maternal Conditions that may Influence IVM

2.5 Follicular Origins of Immature Oocytes for IVM

2.6 Clinical Safety of IVM

2.7 Concluding Remarks towards the Optimization of IVM

References.

Chapter 3 Molecular Biology of Endometriosis

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Brief Background

3.2.1 Definition, Pathology, and Demography

3.2.2 Phenotypes and Classification

3.2.3 Theories of Endometriosis

3.2.4 Essential Cellular Pathology

3.3 Genetic Basis of Endometriosis

3.4 Molecular Mechanisms of Endometriosis

3.4.1 Estrogen Dependence and Progesterone Resistance

3.4.2 Inflammatory Dysfunction

3.4.3 Triad of Molecular Processes: Estrogen/Progesterone Balance, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Function

3.5 Molecular Etiopathological Basis of Endometriosis: Leads in Genomics Era

3.5.1 Candidate Genes and Module-Based Studies

3.5.2 Large Scale Transcriptomic Studies

3.5.3 Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiles

3.5.4 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

3.6 Molecular Etiopathological Basis of Endometriosis: Leads in the Post-Genomics Era

3.6.1 Endometrial Proteome of Endometriosis

3.6.2 Epigenetic Landscape in Endometriosis

3.6.3 Biomarkers of Endometriosis

3.7 Future Targets

Acknowledgments

Conflicts of Interest

Chapter 4 Novel Immunological Aspects for the Treatment of Age-induced Ovarian and Testicular Infertility, Other Functional Diseases, and Early and Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Ovarian Infertility

4.2.1 Rationale for Using In Vitro Developed Oocyte-like Cells (OLCs) and Possible IVM/IVF Developments for Clinical Use

4.2.2 Formal Terms Related to Ovarian Cellular Conditions and Functions

4.2.3 Stem Cell Commitment by Embryonic Primordial Germ Cells

4.2.4 Role of the Immune System in Ovarian Function

4.2.5 Steps Required for Follicular Renewal in Adult Human Ovaries

4.2.6 Origin and Development of Ovarian Germ Cells

4.2.7 Ovarian Stem Cell Cultures.

4.2.8 Perspectives of Advanced Age of the Woman, Premature Ovarian Failure, or Other Ovarian Infertility Etiologies by In Vitro Developed Oocytes in Ovarian Stem Cell Cultures

4.2.9 Nuclear Transfer

4.3 Novel In Vitro Proposals for Ovarian Infertility Treatment

4.3.1 Preliminary Strategies for In Vitro Approaches

4.3.2 Oocyte-like Cell Nuclear Transfer to Donor Oocyte

4.3.3 Donor Oocyte Cytoplasmic Transfer to Oocyte-like Cell

4.3.4 Transfer of Granulosa Cells or Their Components to an Established OSC Culture

4.3.5 Transfer of Granulosa Cells or Their Components to Fresh Secondary Ovarian Stem Cell Cultures During Early Steps of Oocyte Reconstruction

4.3.6 Fibroblasts in OSC Cultures Steal ZP3 Expression from OLCs

4.3.7 What May Be Next in Ovarian Tissue Cultures?

4.4 Novel In Vivo Proposal for Ovarian and Testicular Infertility Treatment

4.4.1 Systemic Treatment of Ovarian Infertility by Transfer of Compatible Blood or Separated Mononuclear Cells from Young Fertile Donor Women

4.4.2 Systemic Treatment of Testicular Infertility by Transfer of Compatible Blood or Separated Mononuclear Cells from Young Fertile Donor Men

4.5 Systemic Treatment of Other Functional Diseases by Tissue Rejuvenation

4.5.1 Utilization of Blood or Mononuclear Cell Transfusion from Young Individuals

4.5.2 Utilization of Sex Steroid Combinations for Altered Tissues in Younger Individuals without Altered Stem Cell Niche

4.6 Advantages of Local and Systemic Use of Honey Bee Propolis and Cayenne Pepper

4.6.1 Propolis and Alopecia

4.6.2 Propolis and Varicose Veins

4.6.3 Propolis and Dental Calculus

4.6.4 Systemic Use of Propolis Tincture

4.6.5 Benefits of Cayenne Pepper Systemic Treatment

4.7 The Promise of Pyramid Healing Systems.

4.8 Raw Shiitake Causes Early Neoplasia Regression and Malignancy Recurrence Prevention

4.9 Immune Modulation for the Treatment of an Advanced Cancer

4.10 Advanced Ovarian Cancer Regression Case Report

4.10.1 Immune Modulation in Advanced Malignancy Should Be Attempted in Novel, Not Yet Treated Cancer Cases

4.10.2 Postoperative Development

4.11 Discussion

4.12 Conclusions

Abbreviations

Competing Interests

Author Contribution

Chapter 5 Mitochondrial Manipulation for Infertility Treatment and Disease Prevention

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Roles of Mitochondria in Fertilization, Embryonic Development, and Disease

5.3 The Genetics of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Diseases

5.4 Ooplasmic Transfer to Treat Infertility

5.5 Pronuclear Transfer to Achieve Pregnancy

5.6 Germinal Vesicle Transfer to Restore the Viability of Oocytes

5.7 Mitochondrial Diseases and Prevention of their Inheritance

5.8 Mitochondrial Replacement by Transferring Pronuclei and MII Spindle

5.9 Discussion

Chapter 6 Novel Imaging Techniques to Assess Gametes and Preimplantation Embryos

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Light and Impact on Mammalian Gametes and Embryos

6.3 Novel Imaging Approaches for Gametes and Embryos

6.3.1 Polarized Light Microscopy

6.3.2 Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy

6.3.3 Harmonic Generation Microscopy

6.3.4 Fourier Transformed Infrared

6.3.5 Raman Microspectroscopy

6.3.6 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman

6.3.7 Optical Quadrature Microscopy

6.3.8 Phase Subtraction

6.3.9 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

6.3.10 Quantitative Orientation Independent Microscopy

6.3.11 Biodynamic Imaging

6.3.12 Multi-Modal Microscopy

6.4 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Clinical Application of Methods to Select In Vitro Fertilized Embryos

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Morphological Assessment

7.2.1 Traditional Morphological Evaluation

7.2.2 Time-Lapse Imaging

7.3 Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis

7.3.1 Embryo Biopsy

7.3.2 Pre-Implantation Screening (PGS)

7.3.3 Gene Expression

7.4 Analysis of Conditioned Culture Medium

7.4.1 Metabolism

7.4.2 Proteomics

7.4.3 microRNA

7.5 Summary

Chapter 8 New Horizons/Developments in Time-Lapse Morphokinetic Analysis of Mammalian Embryos

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Utilization of Time-Lapse Morphokinetics in Mammalian Embryos: A Historical Perspective

8.3 What is TLM?

8.4 What are the Benefits of TLM?

8.5 Application of TLM in Human ART Practice

8.6 The Possible Utilization of TLM Analysis in Aneuploidy Detection

8.7 Expected Contributions of TLM Technology in the Future of Mammalian Embryology

Chapter 9 The Non-Human Primate Model for Early Human Development

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Why Primate Models Are Critical to Understanding Human Development and Subfertility

9.3 NHP Model of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

9.4 NHP Model of Early Embryo Development

9.5 Research Perspective on NHP Embryo Development

9.6 Summary

Chapter 10 Cytoskeletal Functions, Defects, and Dysfunctions Affecting Human Fertilization and Embryo Development

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Components of the Cytoskeleton and their Important Functions in Reproductive Biology

10.3 The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Oocyte Maturation

10.4 Maturation Failures and Oocyte Aging

10.5 Fertilization and First Mitosis/Cell Division

10.6 Cellular Differentiation/Polarization During Pre-Implantation Embryo Development/Compaction Stage

10.7 Perspectives and Future Directions

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118849576

1118849574

9781787851030

1787851036

9781118849545

111884954X

9781118849613

1118849612

OCLC:

967512575