UV-B research : from environmental stressor to regulator of plant growth / edited by Vijay Pratap Singh [and thee others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Singh, Vijay Pratap, 1982- editor.

Series:

THEi Wiley ebooks.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plants--Effect of ultraviolet radiation on.

Plants.

Ultraviolet radiation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (342 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, England, Chichester, West Sussex, England ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley Blackwell, 2017.

System Details:

Access using campus network via VPN at home (THEi Users Only).

Summary:

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun, with a medium wavelength which is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. The biological effects of UV-B are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV-B radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. It is considered particularly harmful to the environment and living things, but what have scientific studies actually shown? UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth presents a comprehensive overview of the origins, current state, and future horizons of scientific research on ultraviolet-B radiation and its perception in plants. Chapters explore all facets of UV-B research, including the basics of how UV-B's shorter wavelength radiation from the sun reaches the Earth's surface, along with its impact on the environment's biotic components and on human biological systems. Chapters also address the dramatic shift in UV-B research in recent years, reflecting emerging technologies, showing how historic research which focused exclusively on the harmful environmental effects of UV-B radiation has now given way to studies on potential benefits to humans. Topics include: * UV-B and its climatology * UV-B and terrestrial ecosystems * Plant responses to UV-B stress * UB- B avoidance mechanisms * UV-B and production of secondary metabolites * Discovery of UVR8 Timely and important, UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth is an invaluable resource for environmentalists, researchers and students who are into the state-of-the-art research being done on exposure to UV-B radiation.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1 An Introduction to UV-B Research in Plant Science

1.1 The Historical Background

1.2 Biologically Effective Irradiance

1.3 UV-B-induced Effects in Plants

1.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 2 Stimulation of Various Phenolics in Plants Under Ambient UV-B Radiation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 UV-B Radiation

2.3 Phenolics

2.3.1 Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds

2.3.2 Biosynthesis and Subcellular Localization of Phenolics

2.3.3 Functions of Phenolic Compounds Depend on Their Localization

2.4 UV-B Radiation Stimulates Phenolic Induction

2.4.1 Mechanisms of UV-B Perception

2.4.2 UV-B-Induced Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds

2.4.3 Interactive Effects of UV-B with UV-A Radiation and PAR on Phenolics Accumulation

2.4.4 Interactive Effects of UV-B Radiation with other Environmental Factors on Phenolics Accumulation

2.5 UV-B-Induced Photomorphological Responses

2.5.1 Connection Between UV-B-Induced Morphological Responses and Phenolics

2.5.2 Effect of UV-B Radiation on Root Morphology in Relation to Phenolics

2.6 Photosynthesis Under UV-B Radiation

2.6.1 Interplay of Phenolics and Photosynthesis Under UV-B Radiation

2.7 UV-B Radiation Induces Phenolics Accumulation in Fruits

2.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 3 UV-B Radiation: A Reassessment of its Impact on Plants and Crops

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Plant Production

3.3 Plant Protection Against UV-B

Chapter 4 Interaction of UV-B with the Terrestrial Ecosystem

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Growth and Development

4.3 Secondary Metabolites

4.4 Susceptibility to Herbivorous Insects

4.5 Plant Sexual Reproduction

4.6 Genomic Level

4.7 Conclusion.

References

Chapter 5 A Review on Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation Related Stress

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Morphological and Yield Response to UV-B

5.3 Targets of UV-B in the Carbon Fixation Cycle

5.4 Photoreceptors and Signalling Pathway in Response to UV-B Radiation

5.5 Acclimatization and Protection in Response to UV-B

5.6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Response to UV-B

5.7 DNA Damage and Repair Mechanism

5.8 Exclusion of UV Components: Experimental Approach to Study the Effect on Plants

5.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgement

Chapter 6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defence System in Plants in Response to UV-B Stress

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Plant Protection Against UV Radiation

6.3 UV-B and ROS

6.4 UV-B and Antioxidant Enzymes

6.5 UV-B and Antioxidant

6.6 UV-B and Signalling

6.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 7 Major influence on phytochrome and photosynthetic machinery under UV-B exposure

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Photomorphogenesis in Higher Plants

7.2.1 Phytochrome system and its interaction with UV-B

7.2.2 Photomorphogenic responses of UV-B

7.2.3 UV-B signal transduction (UVR8)

7.3 Effect of UV-B Exposure on Photosynthetic Machinery

7.3.1 Direct effects of UV- B on photosynthetic machinery

7.3.1.1 Effects of UV-B stress on components involved in light reaction

7.3.1.2 Effect of UV-B stress on photosystems and cytochrome b6/f complex

7.3.2 Indirect effect of UV-B stress on components involved in dark reaction

7.3.2.1 Impact on regulation of stomata and Rubisco enzyme

7.3.3 UV-B induced ROS production in plants

7.3.4 Protective adaptation

7.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

References.

Chapter 8 UV-B Radiation-Induced Damage of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Green Leaves: Protective Strategies vis-a-vis Visible and/or UV-A Light

8.1 Introduction

8.2 UV-B Effects on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves

8.3 UV-A Effects on Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves (Damage and Promotion)

8.4 UV-A-Mediated Modulation of UV-B-Induced Damage

8.5 PAR-Mediated Balancing of UV-B-Induced Damage

8.6 Photosynthetic Adaptation and Acclimation to UV-B Radiation

8.7 Corroboration with Sensible Approach

8.8 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Ultraviolet Radiation Targets in the Cellular System:: Current Status and Future Directions

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Absorption Characteristics of Biomolecules

9.3 Action Spectrum

9.4 Targets of UV-B

9.4.1 Interaction with Nucleic acids

9.4.1.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acids

9.4.1.2 Ribonucleic Acids

9.4.2 Proteins

9.4.2.1 Tryptophan (Trp)

9.4.2.2 Tyrosine (Tyr)

9.4.2.3 Phenylalanine (Phe)

9.4.2.4 Histidine (His)

9.5 The Photosynthetic Machinery

9.5.1 Photosystem I and II

9.5.2 The Light-Harvesting Complexes

9.6 Cell Division and Expansion

9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 10 Silicon: A Potential Element to Combat Adverse Impact of UV-B in plants

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The role of Silicon Against UV-B Exposure on Morphology of Plants

10.3 The defensive role of silicon against UV-B exposure on physiological and biochemical traits of plants

10.4 Silicon repairs anatomical structures of plants damaged by UV-B exposures

10.5 UV-B-induced oxidative stress and silicon supplementation in plants

10.6 Silicon supplementation and the status of antioxidant enzymes in plants exposed to UV-B

10.7 Silicon and level of phenolic compounds under UV-B stress.

10.8 Conclusion and future Perspectives

Chapter 11 Sun-Screening Biomolecules in Microalgae: Role in UV-Photoprotection

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Global Climate Change and UV Radiation

11.3 Effects of UV Radiation on Microalgae

11.4 UV-induced Defence Mechanisms

11.5 Sun-Screening Biomolecules as Key UV Photoprotectants

11.5.1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs)

11.5.2 Scytonemin

11.6 UV-Induced Biosynthesis

11.7 Photoprotective Function

11.8 Conclusion

Chapter 12 Plant Response: UV-B Avoidance Mechanisms

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Ultraviolet Radiation: Common Source, Classification and Factors

12.2.1 Common Sources of UVR

12.2.2 Classification

12.2.3 Environmental Factors Affecting UV Level

12.3 UV-B and Human Health

12.3.1 Effects on the Skin

12.3.2 Effects on the Eyes

12.4 UV-B and Plant Responses

12.4.1 Morphological Responses

12.4.1.1 Visible Symptoms

12.4.1.2 Plant Growth and Leaf Phenology

12.4.1.3 Reproductive Morphology

12.4.1.4 UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis

12.4.2 Leaf Ultrastructure and Anatomy

12.4.3 Crop Yield

12.4.4 Photosynthesis

12.4.4.1 Pigments

12.4.4.2 Photosynthetic Machinery

12.4.5 Biochemical Responses

12.4.5.1 ROS Production in Plants

12.4.5.2 Free Radical Scavenging Mechanism

12.4.6 Molecular Responses

12.4.6.1 UV-B and Genes

12.4.6.1.1 Genes Damaged by UV Radiation

12.4.6.1.2 DNA Damage

12.4.6.2 UV and Proteins

12.4.6.2.1 Amino acids

12.5 UV-B Avoidance and Defence Mechanism

12.5.1 Avoidance at Morphological Level

12.5.1.1 Epicuticular Waxes

12.5.2 Avoidance at Biochemical Level

12.5.2.1 Possible Role of Pectin Endocytosis in UV-B Avoidance

12.5.3 Avoidance at the Molecular Level

12.5.3.1 DNA Repair

12.5.3.2 Genes and Avoidance.

12.5.3.3 UV-B Perceived by UVR8 Strongly Inhibits Shade Avoidance

12.5.4 UV-B and Secondary Metabolites

12.5.4.1 Plant Phenolics

12.5.4.2 Anthocyanin

12.5.4.3 Alkaloids

12.5.4.4 Isoprenoids

12.5.4.5 Glucosinolates

12.6 UV-B and its Significance

12.6.1 Ecological Significance

12.6.2 UV-B and Plant Competition

12.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Chapter 13 Impact of UV-B Exposure on Phytochrome and Photosynthetic Machinery: From Cyanobacteria to Plants

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Cyanobacteria

13.2.1 Pigments

13.2.2 Photosynthetic Electron Transport System

13.2.3 Photophosphorylation and CO2 fixation

13.3 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Algae

13.4 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Higher Plants

13.4.1 Pigments

13.4.1.1 Phytochrome

13.4.1.2 Chlorophylls, carotenoids and other pigments

13.4.2 Photosystem II

13.4.2.1 Oxygen-evolving complex

13.4.2.2 Plastoquinones and redox-active tyrosines

13.4.2.3 D1 and D2 proteins

13.4.3 Photosystem I

13.4.4 Cytochrome b6/f complex, ATP synthase and Rubisco

13.4.5 Net photosynthesis

13.5 Conclusion and future perspectives

Chapter 14 Discovery of UVR8: New Insight in UV-B Research

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Photoperception in Plants

14.3 Discovery of UVR8: UV-B Photoreceptor

14.4 UVR8 Structure

14.4.1 Salt Bridge Interactions Mediate UVR8 Dimerization

14.4.2 Chromophore and Key Tryptophan Residues

14.5 Physiological Roles of UVR8

14.5.1 Photomorphogenic Response Regulation by UVR8

14.5.2 Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis

14.5.3 Plant-Pathogen and Plant-Herbivore Interactions

14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 15 UVR8 Signalling, Mechanism and Integration with other Pathways.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 17, 2017).

ISBN:

9781119143628

1119143624

9781119143635

1119143632

9781119143611

1119143616

OCLC:

971587698