Magnetic resonance imaging in tissue engineering / edited by Mrignayani Kotecha, Richard L. Magin, and Jeremy J. Mao.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kotecha, Mrignayani, 1968- editor.

Magin, Richard L., editor.

Mao, Jeremy J., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Tissue engineering.

Magnetic resonance imaging.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (477 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates) : color illustrations, photographs

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering provides a unique overview of the field of non-invasive MRI assessment of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Establish a dialogue between the tissue-engineering scientists and imaging experts and serves as a guide for tissue engineers and biomaterial developers alike Provides comprehensive details of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques used to assess a variety of engineered and regenerating tissues and organs Covers cell-based therapies, engineered cartilage, bone, meniscus, tendon, ligaments, cardiovascular, liver and bladder tissue engineering and regeneration assessed by MRI Includes a chapter on oxygen imaging method that predominantly is used for assessing hypoxia in solid tumors for improving radiation therapy but has the ability to provide information on design strategies and cellular viability in tissue engineering regenerative medicine

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Plates

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Book Summary

Part I Enabling Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Tissue Engineering Applications

Chapter 1 Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Role of Imaging

1.1 Introduction

1.2 3D Biomimetics

1.3 Assessment of Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development

1.4 Description of Imaging Modalities for Tissue Engineering

1.4.1 Optical Microscopy

1.4.2 Fluorescence Microscopy

1.4.3 Multiphoton Microscopy

1.4.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2 Principles and Applications of Quantitative Parametric MRI in Tissue Engineering

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basics of MRI

2.2.1 Nuclear Spins

2.2.2 Radio Frequency Pulse Excitation and Relaxation

2.2.3 From MRS to MRI

2.3 MRI Contrasts for Tissue Engineering Applications

2.3.1 Chemical Shift

2.3.2 Relaxation Times-T1 and T2

2.3.3 Water Apparent Diffusion Coefficient

2.3.4 Fractional Anisotropy

2.4 X-Nuclei MRI for Tissue Engineering Applications

2.5 Preparing Engineered Tissues for MRI Assessment

2.5.1 In Vitro Assessment

2.5.2 In Vivo Assessment

2.6 Limitations of MRI Assessment in Tissue Engineering

2.7 Future Directions

2.7.1 Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2.7.2 Cell-ECM-Biomaterial Interaction

2.7.3 Quantitative MRI

2.7.4 Standardization of MRI Methods for In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment

2.7.5 Super-Resolution MRI Techniques

2.7.6 Magnetic Resonance Elastography

2.7.7 Benchtop MRI

2.8 Conclusions

Chapter 3 High Field Sodium MRS/MRI: Application to Cartilage Tissue Engineering

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sodium as an MR Probe

3.3 Pulse Sequences

3.3.1 Pulse Sequences for Measuring TSC.

3.3.2 TQC Pulse Sequences for Measuring ωQ and ω0τc

3.4 Assessment of Tissue‐Engineered Cartilage

3.4.1 Proteoglycan Assessment

3.4.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Molecular Dynamics

3.4.3 Assessment of Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

3.5 Sodium Biomarkers for Engineered Tissue Assessment

3.5.1 Engineered Tissue Sodium Concentration (ETSC)

3.5.2 Average Quadrupolar Coupling (ωQ)

3.5.3 Motional Averaging Parameter (ω0τc)

3.6 Future Directions

3.7 Summary

Chapter 4 SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering: A Case Study in Growing Valvular Tissues

4.1 Setting the Stage: A Clinical Problem Requiring a Tissue Engineering Solution

4.2 SPIO Labeling of Cells

4.2.1 Ferumoxides

4.2.2 Transfection Agents

4.2.3 Labeling Protocols

4.3 Applications

4.3.1 Traditional Usage of SPIO‐Labeled Cellular MRI

4.3.2 SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering

4.4 Case Study: SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

4.4.1 Experimental Design

4.4.2 Potential Approaches-In Vitro

4.4.3 Potential Approaches-In Vivo

4.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook

Acknowledgment

Chapter 5 Magnetic Resonance Elastography Applications in Tissue Engineering

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Introduction to MRE

5.2.1 Theoretical Basis of MRE

5.2.2 The Inverse Problem and Direct Algebraic Inversion

5.2.3 Direct Algebraic Inversion Algorithm

5.3 Current Applications of MRE in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

5.3.1 In Vitro

5.3.2 In Vivo TE μMRE

5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Finite-Element Method in MR Elastography: Application in Tissue Engineering

6.1 Introduction

6.2 FEA in MRE Inversion Algorithm Verification

6.3 FEM in Stiffness Estimation from MRE Data.

6.4 FEA in Experimental Validation in Tissue Engineering Application

6.5 Conclusions and Discussion

Chapter 7 In Vivo EPR Oxygen Imaging: A Case for Tissue Engineering

7.1 Introduction

7.2 History of EPROI

7.3 Principles of EPR Imaging

7.4 EPR Oxymetry

7.5 EPROI Instrumentation and Methodology

7.5.1 EPR Frequency

7.5.2 Resonators

7.5.3 Magnets

7.5.4 EPR Imagers

7.6 Spin Probes for Pulse EPR Oxymetry

7.7 Image Registration

7.8 Tissue Engineering Applications

7.8.1 EPROI in Scaffold Design

7.8.2 EPROI in Tissue Engineering

7.9 Summary and Future Outlook

Part II Tissue-Specific Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering

Chapter 8 Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Bone and Meniscus Regeneration and Their Assessment Using MRI

8.1 Overview of Tissue Engineering with MRI

8.2 Assessment of Bone Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI

8.3 MRI for 3D Modeling and 3D Print Manufacturing in Tissue Engineering

8.4 Assessment of Menisci Repair and Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI

8.5 Conclusion

Chapter 9 MRI Assessment of Engineered Cartilage Tissue Growth

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cartilage

9.3 Cartilage Tissue Engineering

9.3.1 Cells

9.3.1.1 Chondrocytes

9.3.1.2 Stem Cells

9.3.2 Biomaterials

9.3.3 Growth Factors

9.3.4 Growth Conditions

9.4 Animal Models in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

9.5 Tissue Growth Assessment

9.6 MRI in the Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

9.7 Periodic Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using MRI

9.7.1 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vitro

9.7.1.1 Accounting for Scaffold in Tissue Assessment

9.7.2 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vivo.

9.7.3 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Dynamics

9.7.3.1 Assessment of Macromolecule Composition

9.7.3.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy

9.8 Summary and Future Directions

Chapter 10 Emerging Techniques for Tendon and Ligament MRI

10.1 Tendon and Ligament Structure, Function, Injury, and Healing

10.2 MRI Studies of Tendon and Ligament Healing

10.3 MRI and Contrast Mechanisms

10.3.1 Conventional MRI Techniques

10.3.2 Advanced MR Techniques

10.4 Significance and Conclusion

Chapter 11 MRI of Engineered Dental and Craniofacial Tissues

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Scaffolds

11.3 Extracellular Matrix

11.4 Tissue Regeneration of Dental-Craniofacial Complex

11.4.1 Advantages of Using ECM Scaffolds with Stem Cells

11.4.2 Stem Cells

11.5 MRI in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

11.5.1 MRI of Human DPSCs

11.5.2 MRI of Tissue-Engineered Osteogenic Scaffolds

11.5.3 MRI of Chondrogenic Scaffolds with Cells In Vitro

11.5.4 MRI of Chondrogenic Scaffolds with Cells In Vivo

11.5.5 MRI Can Differentiate Between Engineered Bone and Engineered Cartilage

11.5.6 MRI to Assess Angiogenesis

11.6 Challenges and Future Directions for MRI in Tissue Engineering

Chapter 12 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: Noninvasive Assessment of Tissue Regeneration

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

12.2.1 Osteochondral Tissue

12.2.2 Biomaterials/Scaffolds

12.2.3 Cells

12.2.4 Growth Factors

12.3 Clinical Methods for Osteochondral Defect Repair and Assessment

12.3.1 Diagnostic Modalities

12.3.2 Treatment Methods

12.3.2.1 Microfracture

12.3.2.2 Autografts and Allografts

12.3.2.3 Tissue Engineering Grafts

12.4 MRI Assessment of Tissue Engineered Osteochondral Grafts.

12.4.1 In Vitro Assessment

12.4.2 In Vivo Assessment

12.5 MRI Assessment Correlation with Histology

12.6 Conclusions and Challenges

Chapter 13 Advanced Liver Tissue Engineering Approaches and Their Measure of Success Using NMR/MRI

13.1 Introduction

13.2 MRS and MRI Compatibilization-Building Compact RF MR Probes for BALs

13.3 Multinuclear MRS of a Hybrid Hollow Fiber-Microcarrier BAL

13.3.1 Viability by 31P MRS

13.3.2 Quantifying Drug Metabolic Activity and Oxygen Distribution by 19F MRS

13.4 1H MRI of a Hollow Fiber Multicoaxial BAL

13.4.1 BAL Integrity and Quality Assurance

13.4.2 Inoculation Efficiency and Prototype Redesign Iteration

13.4.3 Flow Dynamics

13.4.4 Diffusion-Weighted and Functional Annotation Screening Technology (FAST) Dynamic Contrast MRI

13.5 Magnetic Contrast Agents Used in MRI of Liver Stem Cell Therapy

13.6 31P and 13C MRS of a Fluidized-Bed BAL Containing Encapsulated Hepatocytes

13.6.1 31P MRS Resolution, SNR, Viability, and pH

13.6.2 13C MRS to Monitor Real-Time Metabolism

13.7 Future Studies

13.7.1 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

13.7.2 Constructing Artificial Organs

13.8 Discussion

Chapter 14 MRI of Vascularized Tissue‐Engineered Organs

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Importance of Vascularization in Tissue Engineering

14.3 Vessel Formation and Maturation: Implications for Imaging

14.4 Imaging Approaches to Assess Vascularization

14.5 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Imaging Vascular Physiology

14.6 Complementary MRI Techniques to Study Vascularization

14.7 Considerations for Preclinical Models and Translation to Clinical Implementation

14.8 Future Directions

14.9 Conclusions

Chapter 15 MRI Tools for Assessment of Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering.

15.1 The Heart and Heart Failure.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-119-19322-2

1-119-19327-3

OCLC:

972290273