Handbook of composites from renewable materials. Volume 4, Functionalization / edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur and Michael R. Kessler.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Thakur, Vijay Kumar, editor.

Thakur, Manju Kumari, editor.

Kessler, Michael R. (Michael Richard), 1974- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Composite materials--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Composite materials.

Biodegradable plastics--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Biodegradable plastics.

Green products--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Green products.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (597 pages) : illustrations, tables

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey ; Beverly, Massachusetts : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

The Handbook of Composites From Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The handbook covers a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Together, the 8 volumes total at least 5000 pages and offers a unique publication. This 4th volume of the Handbook is solely focused on the Functionalization of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Chitosan-based bio sorbents: oil spill clean-up by textiles; pyridine and bipyridine end-functionalized polylactide; functional separation membranes from chitin and chitosan derivatives; acrylated epoxidized flaxseed oil bio-resin and its biocomposites; encapsulation of inorganic renewable nanofiller; chitosan coating on textile fibers for functional properties; surface functionalization of cellulose whiskers for nonpolar composites; impact of chemical treatment and the manufacturing process on mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of natural fibers based composites; bio-polymers modification; review on fibers from natural resources; strategies to improve the functionality of starch based films; the effect of gamma-radiation on biodegradability of natural fibers; surface functionalization through vapor-phase assisted surface polymerization (VASP) on natural materials from agricultural by-products; okra bast fiber as potential reinforcement element of biocomposites; silane coupling agent used in natural fiber/plastic composites; composites of olefin polymer /natural fibers: the surface modifications on natural fibers; surface functionalization of biomaterials; thermal and mechanical behaviors of bio-renewable fibres based polymer composites; natural and artificial diversification of starch; role of radiation and surface modification on bio-fiber for reinforced polymer composites.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 Chitosan-Based Biosorbents: Modifications and Application for Sequestration of PPCPs and Metals for Water Remediation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Modification of Chitosan

1.2.1 Physical Modification

1.2.2 Chemical Modification

1.2.2.1 Cross-Linking

1.2.2.2 Grafting

1.2.3 Molecular Imprinting Technique

1.3 Interactions of Chitosan-Based MIP Sorbents with Pollutants (Organic &amp

Inorganic)

1.3.1 Organic Molecule

1.3.1.1 Covalent

1.3.1.2 Noncovalent

1.3.1.3 Semicovalent Interaction

1.3.2 Inorganic Molecule (Metal Ions)

1.3.2.1 Chelation (Coordinate Covalent Bond)

1.3.2.2 Ion Exchange/Electrostatic Attraction

1.4 Applications of Chitosan

1.4.1 Applications of Metal-Loaded Chitosan

1.4.1.1 Sorption of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

1.4.1.2 Catalytic Applications

1.4.2 Other Applications of Chitosan

1.5 Conclusion

References

2 Oil Spill Cleanup by Textiles

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Causes of Oil Spilling

2.3 Problems Faced Due to Oil Spilling

2.4 Oil Sorption Phenomenon

2.4.1 Absorption and Adsorption

2.5 Removal of Oil Spill

2.5.1 Sorbents for Removing Spilled Oil

2.5.2 Textile Fibers for Removal of Oil Spills

2.5.2.1 Kapak

2.5.2.2 Raw Bagasse

2.5.2.3 Cotton

2.5.2.4 Milkweed Fibers

2.5.2.5 Human Hair

2.5.2.6 Polypropylene

2.5.2.7 Sheep Fleece Fibers

2.5.2.8 Kenaf

2.6 Recent Developments for Effective Water Cleaning

2.6.1 Porous Boron Nitride Nanosheets

2.6.2 Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels

2.7 Test Methods for Evaluation of Oil Sorbents

2.7.1 Test Method for Oil Sorption Capacity

2.7.2 Test Method for Oil Sorption Rate

2.7.3 Test Method for Oil Retention

2.7.4 Test Method for Reusability of Sorbents.

2.7.5 Test Method for Water Uptake and Buoyancy of Sorbents

2.7.6 Test Method for Buoyancy of Sorbents

2.8 Conclusions

3 Pyridine and Bipyridine End-Functionalized Polylactide: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Macroligand Synthesis

3.3 Macroligand Coordination to Palladium

3.4 Pd-Nanoparticles Supported onto End-Functionalized Stereocomplexes

3.5 Catalytic Applications

3.6 Outlook

4 Functional Separation Membranes from Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Characteristics of Chitin and Chitosan

4.1.2 Membrane Formation Characteristics of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives

4.2 Preparation of Separation Membrane from Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives

4.2.1 Membrane Preparation Method

4.2.2 Membrane Structures

4.3 Functional Separation Membranes from Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives

4.3.1 Dialysis Membranes

4.3.1.1 Principle of Dialysis

4.3.1.2 Technology in Dialysis

4.3.2 Reverse Osmosis Membranes

4.3.2.1 Principle of Reverse Osmosis

4.3.2.2 Technology in Reverse Osmosis

4.3.3 Nanofiltration Membranes

4.3.3.1 Principle of Nanofiltration

4.3.3.2 Technology in Nanofiltration

4.3.4 Ultrafiltration Membranes

4.3.4.1 Principle of Ultrafiltration

4.3.4.2 Technology in Ultrafiltration

4.3.5 Microfiltration Membrane

4.3.5.1 Principle of Microfiltration

4.3.5.2 Technology in Microfiltration

4.3.6 Pervaporation Membrane

4.3.6.1 Principle of Pervaporation

4.3.6.2 Technology in Pervaporation

4.3.7 Evapomeation

4.3.7.1 Principle of Evapomeation

4.3.8 Temperature Difference-Controlled Evapomeation

4.3.8.1 Principle of Temperature Difference-Controlled Evapomeation

4.3.8.2 Technology in Temperature Difference-Controlled Evapomeation.

4.3.9 High-Temperature and High-Pressure Evapomeation

4.3.9.1 Principle of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Evapomeation

4.3.9.2 Technology in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Evapomeation

4.3.10 Carrier Transport

4.3.10.1 Principle of Carrier Transport

4.3.11 Catalytic Membranes

4.3.11.1 Principle of Catalytic Membrane

4.3.12 Gas Permeation Membranes

4.3.12.1 Principle of Gas Permeation

4.3.13 Fuel Cell

4.3.13.1 Principle of Fuel Cell

4.3.13.2 Technology in Fuel Cell

4.4 Conclusions

5 Acrylated Epoxidized Flaxseed Oil Bio-Resin and Its Biocomposites

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Experimental

5.2.1 Materials

5.2.2 Acrylated Epoxidized Flaxseed Oil Bio-Resin Synthesis

5.2.3 Chemical Treatment of Flax Fiber

5.2.4 AEFO Bio-Resin-Based Biocomposite Samples Preparation

5.2.5 PLA-, PP-, and HDPE-Based Biocomposite Samples Preparation

5.2.6 Characterization of AEFO Bio-Resin and Its Biocomposites

5.3 Results and Discussion

5.3.1 Physical Properties

5.3.2 Thermal Properties

5.3.3 Mechanical Properties

5.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

6 Encapsulation of Inorganic Renewable Nanofiller

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Synthesis of Polymer-Encapsulated Silica Nanoparticles

6.2.1 Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles and Characterization

6.2.2 Introduction of Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

6.2.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Encapsulated Inorganic Nanoparticles via In Situ Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

6.2.4 Reinforcing Applications

6.3 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

7 Chitosan Coating on Textile Fibers for Functional Properties

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Chitosan Cross-Linking and Grafting

7.1.2 Biological Activity of Chitosan

7.1.3 Chitosan Application in the Textile Field.

7.2 Antimicrobial Coating of Textiles by Chitosan UV Curing

7.2.1 UV Curing of Chitosan on Textiles: Process Conditions and Results

7.2.2 Characterization of the Chitosan-Treated Fabrics

7.2.3 Sustainable Process of Antimicrobial Finishing of Cotton Fabrics at Semi-Industrial Level

7.2.4 Chitosan-Coated Cotton Gauze by UV Grafting as Antimicrobial Water Filter

7.2.5 Multifunctional Finishing of Wool Fabrics by Chitosan UV Grafting

7.3 Chitosan Coating of Wool for Antifelting Properties

7.4 Chitosan Coating on Textile Fibers to Increasing Uptake of Ionic Dyes in Dyeing

7.5 Chitosan Coating on Cotton Filter for Removal of Dyes and Metal Ions from Wastewaters

7.5.1 Chitosan-Coated Cotton Gauze by UV Grafting as Water Filter for the Removal of Dyes

7.5.2 Chitosan-Coated Cotton Gauze by UV Grafting as Water Filter for the Removal of Metal Ions

7.6 Conclusions

8 Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Whiskers for Nonpolar Composites Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Cellulose: Structure and Properties

8.1.2 Cellulose from Natural Fibers

8.1.3 Cellulose Whiskers

8.1.4 Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Whiskers

8.1.5 Cellulose-Reinforced Nanocomposites

8.2 Experimental

8.2.1 Materials

8.2.2 Extraction of Cellulose Whiskers from Cotton Fibers

8.2.3 Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Whiskers

8.2.4 Processing of Nanocomposites Materials

8.2.5 Characterization

8.2.5.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy

8.2.5.2 Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy

8.2.5.3 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)

8.2.5.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

8.2.5.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

8.2.5.6 Zeta-Potential Analysis

8.2.5.7 X-Ray Diffraction

8.2.5.8 Thermogravimetric Analysis

8.2.5.9 Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

8.2.5.10 Tensile Tests

8.3 Results and Discussion

8.3.1 Cellulose Whiskers

8.3.2 CW/LDPE and CWMA/LDPE Nanocomposites

8.4 Conclusion

9 Impact of Chemical Treatment and the Manufacturing Process on Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Natural Fibers-Based Composites

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Physicochemical Characteristics of Natural Fibers

9.3 Problematic

9.4 Natural Fibers Treatments

9.5 Composites Manufacturing

9.6 Composites Properties

9.7 Conclusion

10 Biopolymers Modification and Their Utilization in Biomimetic Composites for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Failure, Defect, and Design: Role of Composites

10.3 Cell-ECM Composite Hierarchy in Bone-Cartilage Interface

10.4 Polymers for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

10.5 Polymer Modification for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

10.5.1 Polymer Blends

10.5.2 Synthetically Modified Polymers

10.5.3 Polymer Cross-Linking

10.5.3.1 Chemical Cross-Linking

10.5.3.2 Physical Cross-Linking

10.5.3.3 Injectable Hydrogels

10.5.4 Interpenetrating Networks (IPN)

10.5.5 Nanocomposites

10.5.5.1 Nanoparticle Matrix Composites

10.5.5.2 Nanofiber Matrix Composites

10.5.5.3 Surface-Modified Nanofillers Matrix Composites

10.5.6 Organic-Inorganic (O/I) Hybrids

10.5.6.1 Class I O/I Hybrids with Weak Interaction (van der Waals and H-bonds)

10.5.6.2 Class II O/I Hybrids with Strong Interaction (Covalent Bonds)

10.6 Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

10.6.1 Structural Composites

10.6.1.1 Single-Layer Scaffolds

10.6.1.2 Stratified Scaffolds

10.6.2 Functional Biomimetic Composites

10.6.2.1 Chemical Gradients

10.6.2.2 Physical Gradients

10.7 Osteochondral Composite Scaffolds: Clinical Status.

10.8 Current Challenges and Future Direction.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 15, 2017).

ISBN:

1-119-22378-4

1-119-22377-6

OCLC:

972292483