Handbook of composites from renewable materials. Volume 3, Physico-chemical and mechanical characterization / edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Manju Kumari Thakur and Michael R. Kessler.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Thakur, Vijay Kumar, 1981- editor.

Thakur, Manju Kumari, editor.

Kessler, Michael R. (Michael Richard), 1974- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Composite materials--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Composite materials.

Biodegradable plastics--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Biodegradable plastics.

Green products--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Green products.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (691 pages)

Edition:

3rd ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Scrivener Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

The Handbook of Composites From Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The handbook covers a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Together, the 8 volumes total at least 5000 pages and offers a unique publication. This 3rd volume of the Handbook is solely focused on the Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: structural and biodegradation characterization of supramolecular PCL/HAP nano-composites; different characterization of solid bio-fillers based agricultural waste material; poly (ethylene-terephthalate) reinforced with hemp fibers; poly (lactic acid) thermoplastic composites from renewable materials; chitosan -based composite materials: fabrication and characterization; the use of flax fiber reinforced polymer (FFRP) composites in the externally reinforced structures for seismic retrofitting monitored by transient thermography and optical techniques; recycling and reuse of fiber reinforced polymer wastes in concrete composite materials; analysis of damage in hybrid composites subjected to ballistic impacts; biofiber reinforced acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) biocomposites; biopolyamides and high performance natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites; impact of recycling on the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of wood fiber based HDPE and PLA composites; lignocellulosic fibers composites: an overview; biodiesel derived raw glycerol to value added products; thermo-mechanical characterization of sustainable structural composites; novel pH sensitive composite hydrogel based on functionalized starch/clay for the controlled release of amoxicillin; preparation and characterization of biobased thermoset polymers from renewable resources; influence of natural fillers size and shape into mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites; composite of biodegradable polymer blends of PCL/PLLA and coconut fiber - the effects of ionizing radiation; packaging composite materials from renewable resources; physicochemical properties of ash based geopolymer concrete; a biopolymer derived from castor oil polyurethane; natural polymer based biomaterials; physical and mechanical properties of polymer membranes from renewable resources

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 Structural and Biodegradation Characterization of Supramolecular PCL/HAp Nanocomposites for Application in Tissue Engineering

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Hydroxyapatite: A Bioceramic of Renewable Resource

1.2 Biomedical Applications of HAp

1.3 Effect of HAp Particles on Biodegradation of PCL/HAp Composites

1.4 Polycaprolactone

1.5 Supramolecular Polymers and Supramolecular PCL

1.6 Supramolecular Composites: PCL (UPy)2/HApUPy Composites

1.6.1 Biodegradation Study of the PCL (UPy)2/HApUPy Composites

1.6.1.1 In Vitro Degradation Study

1.6.1.2 Water Uptake and Weight Loss

1.6.1.3 Chemical Properties

1.6.1.4 Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

1.7 PCL(UPy)2/HApUPy Nanocomposites

1.7.1 Biodegradation Study of PCL(UPy)2/HApUPy Nanocomposites

References

2 Different Characterization of Solid Biofillers Based Agricultural Waste Materials

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Examples on Agricultural Waste Materials

2.2.1 Rice Husk

2.2.2 Olive Husk Powder

2.2.3 Cellulose

2.3 The Main Polymorphs of Cellulose

2.4 Modification Methods of Agro-Biomass

2.4.1 Physical Methods

2.4.1.1 Conventional Drying Methods

2.4.1.2 Microwave Heating

2.4.2 Chemical Methods

2.4.3 Cross-linking of the Cellulose Macromolecules

2.4.3.1 Reaction with Formaldehyde

2.4.3.2 Acetylation

2.4.3.3 Polyisocyanates Coupling Agents

2.4.3.4 Silane Coupling Agents

2.5 Properties of Thermoplastics Reinforced with Untreated Wood Fillers

2.6 Production of Nanocellulose

2.6.1 Cellulose Whiskers

2.6.2 Microfibrillated Cellulose

2.6.3 Properties of Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites

2.6.3.1 Mechanical Properties

2.6.3.2 Thermal Properties

2.6.3.3 Barrier Properties

2.7 Processing of Wood Thermoplastic Composites.

2.8 Conclusion

3 Poly (ethylene-terephthalate) Reinforced with Hemp Fibers: Elaboration, Characterization, and Potential Applications

3.1 General Introduction to Biocomposite Materials

3.2 PET-Hemp Fiber Composites

3.2.1 Potential

3.2.2 Challenges

3.3 Methods of Elaboration and Characterization of PET-Hemp Fiber Composites

3.3.1 Elaboration

3.3.2 Melt Processing

3.3.3 Characterization

3.4 Properties of PET-Hemp Fiber Composites

3.4.1 Mechanical Properties

3.4.2 Thermostability

3.4.3 Structural Properties

3.4.4 Heat Capacities

3.4.5 Relaxation Properties

3.5 Applications of PET-Hemp Fiber Composites

3.5.1 Applications Requiring Small Deformations

3.5.2 Applications Requiring Large Deformations

3.5.2.1 The Constitutive Equations

3.5.2.2 The Free-forming Pressure Load

3.5.2.3 The Simulation Assumptions

3.5.2.4 The Numerical Free Inflation of PET-Hemp Fibers Composite Discs

3.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects

4 Poly(Lactic Acid) Thermoplastic Composites from Renewable Materials

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Poly(Lactic Acid) Production, Properties, and Processing

4.2.1 Lactide

4.2.2 PLA Polymerization

4.2.3 PLA Properties and Processing

4.3 Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

4.3.1 General Modifications

4.3.2 Degradability

4.3.3 Melt Rheology

4.4 Poly(Lactic Acid) Natural Fibers-Reinforced Composites

4.4.1 PLA/Kenaf-Reinforced Composites

4.4.2 PLA/Flax-Reinforced Composites

4.4.3 PLA/Jute-Reinforced Composites

4.4.4 PLA/Hemp-Reinforced Composites

4.4.5 PLA/Sisal-Reinforced Composites

4.4.6 PLA/Wood Fiber-Reinforced Composites

4.4.7 Other Natural Fibers/PLA-Reinforced Composites

4.4.8 Recycling of Biocomposites

4.5 Conclusions

5 Chitosan-Based Composite Materials: Fabrication and Characterization.

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cs-Based Composite Materials

5.3 Cs-Based Nanocomposites

5.4 Characterization of Cs-Based Composites

5.5 Environmental Concerns

5.6 Future Prospects

6 The Use of Flax Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FFRP) Composites in the Externally Reinforced Structures for Seismic Retrofitting Monitored by Transient Thermography and Optical Techniques

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Experimental Setup

6.2.1 Experimental Specimen with Artificial Defects

6.2.2 Retrofitted Walls in the Faculty of Engineering, L'Aquila University

6.2.3 Internal Wall Inspected by Square Pulse Thermography

6.2.4 External Faculty Façade Solar Loading Thermography Inspection

6.3 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

7 Recycling and Reuse of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Wastes in Concrete Composite Materials

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Recycling Processes for Thermoset FRP Wastes

7.2.1 Incineration and Co-incineration

7.2.2 Thermal/Chemical Recycling

7.2.2.1 Thermal Processes

7.2.2.2 Chemical Processes

7.2.3 Mechanical Recycling

7.3 End-Use Applications for Mechanically Recycled FRP Wastes

7.3.1 Concrete Materials Modified with FRP Recyclates

7.4 Market Outlook and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgment

8 Analysis of Damage in Hybrid Composites Subjected to Ballistic Impacts: An Integrated Non-Destructive Approach

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Lay-up Sequences and Manufacturing of Composite Materials

8.3 Test Procedure

8.4 Numerical Simulation

8.4.1 Construction of the Models

8.4.1.1 The Intercalated Case

8.4.1.2 The Sandwich Case

8.4.2 First Step of the Numerical Simulations

8.4.2.1 Mesh

8.4.3 Second Step of the Numerical Simulations

8.5 Non-destructive Testing Methods and Related Techniques

8.5.1 Near-infrared Reflectography (NIRR) Method.

8.5.2 Active Infrared Thermography (IRT) Method

8.5.2.1 Principal Component Thermography (PCT) Technique

8.5.2.2 Partial Least-Square Thermography (PLST) Technique

8.6 Results and Discussion

8.7 Conclusions

9 Biofiber-Reinforced Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO) Biocomposites

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Soybean Oil

9.2.1 Epoxidized Soybean Oil

9.2.2 Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil

9.3 Functionalization of Soy Oil Triglyceride

9.3.1 Epoxidation

9.3.2 Acrylation

9.3.3 Green Chemistry in AESO Production

9.3.4 Properties of AESO

9.3.5 Modification of AESO

9.3.6 Comonomers Used in Production of AESO Resins

9.4 Manufacturing of AESO-Based Composites

9.4.1 Components Used in Manufacturing of AESO-Based Composites

9.4.1.1 Glass Fiber

9.4.1.2 Natural Fibers

9.4.2 Composite Production Methods

9.4.3 Properties of Composites

9.4.3.1 Vibration-Damping/Thermomechanical Properties

9.4.3.2 Mechanical Properties of the Composites

9.4.3.3 Flexural Properties

9.4.3.4 Impact Properties

9.4.3.5 Dielectric Properties

9.4.3.6 Thermal Expansion

9.4.3.7 Water Absorption of AESO Composites

9.4.3.8 Climate Resistance

9.4.3.9 AESO-Based Nanocomposites

9.5 Targeted Applications

9.6 Conclusion

10 Biopolyamides and High-Performance Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Polyamide Chemistry

10.2.1 Bio-based Polyamide

10.2.2 Properties of Polyamides

10.2.3 Chemical Synthesis of Intermediates from Castor Beans

10.2.3.1 Undecenoic Acid Pathway

10.2.3.2 Sebacic Acid Pathway

10.2.3.3 Decamethylene Diamine Pathway

10.3 Overview of Current Applications of Polyamides

10.4 Biopolyamide Reinforced with Natural Fibers

10.5 Conclusion

References.

11 Impact of Recycling on the Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber Based HDPE and PLA Composites

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Experiments

11.2.1 Materials

11.2.2 Material Processing

11.2.3 Experiment Design

11.2.4 Test Methods

11.2.4.1 Tensile Testing

11.2.4.2 Flexural Testing

11.2.4.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)

11.2.4.4 Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT)

11.2.4.5 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

11.2.4.6 Izod Impact Test

11.2.4.7 Melt Flow Index (MFI)

11.2.4.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy

11.2.4.9 Fiber Length Measurement

11.3 Results and Discussion

11.3.1 Effect of CA on the Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties

11.3.2 Effect of Recycling on the Tensile Strength, and Flexural Strength

11.3.3 Effect of Recycling on the HDT, Tensile Modulus, Flexural Modulus and Storage Modulus

11.3.4 Effect of Recycling on the CTE and MFI

11.3.5 Effect of Recycling on the Impact Resistance of Composites

11.3.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy

11.3.7 FTIR Analysis

11.4 Conclusion

12 Lignocellulosic Fibers Composites: An Overview

12.1 Wood

12.2 Conventional Wood-Based Composites

12.3 Lignocellulosic Composites with Reduced Weight

12.4 Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

12.5 Composites with Natural Fibres

12.6 Sisal

12.7 Banana Fibers

12.8 Lignin and Cellulose

12.9 Nanocellulose

13 Biodiesel-Derived Raw Glycerol to Value-Added Products: Catalytic Conversion Approach

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Glycerol

13.2.1 Production of Glycerol

13.2.2 Applications of Glycerol

13.3 Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value-added Products

13.3.1 Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol

13.3.2 Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol

13.3.3 Catalytic Acetylation of Glycerol

13.3.4 Catalytic Esterification of Glycerol.

13.3.5 Catalytic Reforming of Glycerol.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119224303

1119224306

9781119224327

1119224322

9781119224310

1119224314

OCLC:

971364620