Nanomagnetism : applications and perspectives / edited by Claude Fermon and Marcel Van de Voorde.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Fermon, C. (Claude), editor.

Van de Voorde, Marcel, editor.

Series:

THEi Wiley ebooks.

THEi Wiley ebooks

Language:

German

Subjects (All):

Magnetic induction.

Nanomagnetism.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (349 pages) : illustrations,tables, graphs, photographs

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, 2017.

System Details:

Access using campus network via VPN at home (THEi Users Only).

Summary:

This first book to focus on the applications of nanomagnetism presents those already realized while also suggesting bold ideas for further breakthroughs. The first part is devoted to the concept of spin electronics and its use for data storage and magnetic sensing, while the second part concentrates on magnetic nanoparticles and their use in industrial environment, biological and medical applications. The third, more prospective part goes on to describe emerging applications related to spin current creation and manipulation, dynamics, spin waves and binary logic based on nano-scale magnetism. With its unique choice of topics and authors, this will appeal to academic as well as corporate researchers in a wide range of disciplines from physics via materials science to engineering, chemistry and life science.

Contents:

Nanomagnetism: Applications and Perspectives

Series Editor Preface

About the Series Editor

Contents

Part One: Spin Electronics and Magnetic Sensing Applications

1: Introduction on Magnetic Sensing and Spin Electron

1.1 Magnetic Fields

1.1.1 Introduction

1.1.2 Magnetic Field, Magnetic Induction, and Units

1.1.3 Magnetic Materials

1.1.4 Magnetic Field Created by a Magnet

1.1.5 Magnetic Fields Created by Electrical Currents

1.1.6 Magnetic Thin Films

1.1.6.1 Magnetic Anisotropy

1.1.6.2 Magnetic Domains

1.2 Magnetic Field Sensing

1.2.1 Magnetic Sensors for DC and Low-Frequency Applications

1.2.2 Magnetic Sensors for High-Frequency Applications

1.2.3 Very Sensitive Magnetic Sensors

1.3 Introduction to Spin Electronics

1.3.1 Bases

1.3.1.1 Spin Polarization

1.3.1.2 Spin Diffusion Length

1.3.1.3 Spin Currents and Spin Hall Effects

1.4 Main Applications of Spin Electronics

1.4.1 GMR and TMR Sensors

1.4.1.1 Principle

1.4.1.2 Spin Valve Devices

1.4.1.3 Electric Response

1.4.2 Spin Electronics Devices for Storage, MRAM, and Magnetic Logics

1.4.3 Spin Dynamics and Magnonics

References

2: Spin Electronics for Biomagnetism and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Biomagnetic Signals Detection with Spin Electronics Sensors

2.2.1 Biomagnetism

2.2.2 Sensors for Biomagnetism at Large Scale

2.2.2.1 SQUIDs and Atomic Magnetometers

2.2.2.2 Mixed Sensors

2.2.2.3 MCG Recordings with Mixed Sensors

2.2.3 Sensors for Biomagnetism at Local Scale

2.2.3.1 Specificities and State of the Art

2.2.3.2 Magnetrodes

2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2.3.1 Introduction to NMR

2.3.1.1 Spin Manipulation

2.3.1.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2.3.2 Low-Field MRI

2.3.3 Local NMR Spectroscopy

2.4 Conclusion and Perspectives

References.

3: Large-Volume Applications of Spin Electronics-Based Sensors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 General Concepts

3.2.1 GMR or TMR Spin Valves?

3.2.1.1 Sensitivity and Detectivity

3.2.1.2 Resistance and Design Constraints

3.2.1.3 ESD Sensitivity and CMOS Integration

3.2.1.4 Hysteresis, Field, and Temperature Stability

3.2.2 Electronics

3.3 Read Heads

3.4 Current Sensors

3.4.1 Principle

3.4.2 Low-Current Integrated Sensors

3.4.3 High-Current Sensors

3.5 Angle and Compass Sensors

3.5.1 Principle of 2D and 3D Measurements

3.5.2 Angle Sensors: The Saturated Configuration

3.5.3 Compass: The Linear Configuration

3.6 Speed Sensors

3.6.1 General Principle

3.6.2 Rotating Magnets

3.6.3 Rotating Ferrous Targets

3.7 Switches and Position Sensors

3.7.1 Switches

3.7.2 Linear Position Sensors

3.8 Conclusion and Perspectives

4: Magnetic Random Access Memories

4.1 Introduction

4.2 MRAM General Principles

4.3 Field-induced Switching MRAM

4.3.1 Stoner-Wohlfarth MRAM

4.3.2 Toggle MRAM

4.3.3 Thermally Assisted MRAM

4.4 Spin Transfer Torque Switching MRAM

4.4.1 In-plane Magnetized STT MRAM

4.4.2 Out-of-plane Magnetized STT-MRAM

4.5 Emerging MRAM Technologies

4.5.1 Thermally Induced Anisotropy Reorientation-Assisted Switching

4.5.2 Electric Field-Assisted Switching

4.5.3 Three Terminal Devices

4.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

5: Spin Electronics for Non Destructive Testing

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Basic Concepts of Electromagnetic Testing Methods

5.2.1 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing and Magnetic Particle Inspection

5.2.2 Eddy Current Testing

5.2.3 Magnetic Field Sensors in NDT

5.3 GMR in MFL Testing

5.3.1 Adapted GMR Sensor Arrays

5.3.2 Automated Testing of Roller Bearings

5.4 MR and Eddy Current Testing.

5.4.1 Emitter Design Study for Surface-Breaking Defects

5.5 Concluding Remarks

6: Diamond Spin Sensors: A New Way to Probe Nanomagnetism

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Magnetic Sensing with Nitrogen Vacancy Defects in Diamond

6.2.1 Physics of the NV Defect in Diamond

6.2.1.1 Optical Properties

6.2.1.2 Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance

6.2.1.3 Magnetometry

6.2.2 Magnetic Sensing Methods

6.2.2.1 ODMR Spectroscopy

6.2.2.2 Spin Phase Sensing

6.2.2.3 Spin Relaxometry

6.3 Experimental Implementations for Sensing and Imaging

6.3.1 With a Scanning NV Defect

6.3.2 With a Stationary NV Defect

6.3.3 Wide-field Imaging of an NV Ensemble

6.3.4 Challenges and Further Improvements

6.3.4.1 Stand-off Distance

6.3.4.2 Sensor Readout

6.3.4.3 Diamond Material

6.4 Applications

6.4.1 Imaging Spin Textures in Ultrathin Ferromagnets

6.4.2 Single-Molecule Imaging and Nano-MRI

6.5 Conclusions

Part Two: Magnetic Nanoparticles

7: Introduction to Magnetic Nanoparticles

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Main Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles

7.2.1 Composition and Size

7.2.2 Main Magnetic Properties

7.3 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

7.3.1 Toxicity

7.4 Main Classes of Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles

7.4.1 Contrast Agents for MRI

7.4.2 Labeled Nanoparticles for Cell Manipulation and Counting

7.4.3 Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment

7.4.4 Ferrofluids

7.4.5 Magnetic Particle Imaging

7.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

8: Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Physics of Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Biomedical Applications

8.3 Applied Nanotechnology: Biomedical Applications of MNP

8.3.1 Therapeutic Applications

8.3.2 Diagnostic Applications.

8.4 Preparation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

8.5 MNP Imaging in Biomedicine

8.5.1 Magnetorelaxometry

8.5.1.1 Signal Generation in Magnetorelaxometry

8.5.1.2 Analytical MRX

8.5.1.3 MRX Imaging

8.5.2 Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy and Magnetic Particle Imaging

8.5.2.1 Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy

8.5.2.2 MPI as an Alternative Approach to Determine MNP Distributions

8.6 Summary and Conclusions

9: Spintronic Biochips: From the Laboratory to Pre-Clinical Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Static Multiplexed Biosensors

9.2.1 State of the Art

9.2.2 Sensor Architecture and System Integration

9.2.3 Biochip Functionalization

9.2.4 The Spintronic DNA Chip

9.2.4.1 Detecting Pathogenic DNA in Biological Samples

9.2.4.2 Sample Preparation: Nucleic Acid Purification Using Magnetic Particles

9.2.5 The Spintronic Protein Chip: Detection of Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke

9.2.5.1 Detecting Protein Biomarkers (MMP9)

9.2.5.2 Protocol Description

9.3 Magnetoresistive Cytometers and the Detection of Rare Cells in Blood/Serum

9.3.1 State of the Art

9.3.2 Sensor Architecture and System Integration

9.3.3 Magnetic Bead Functionalization

9.3.4 Detection of SW480 Cells in PBS

9.3.5 Detection of CTCs in Serum

9.4 Lateral Flow Magnetoresistive Biochips

9.5 Conclusions

Part Three: Future Applications

10: Promising Prospects for Chiral Domain Walls and Magnetic Skyrmions as a New Way to Manipulate and Store Information

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Origin and Consequences of an Antisymmetric Exchange Interaction

10.2.1 From Antisymmetric Exchange Interaction to Chiral Magnetic Textures

10.2.2 First Observations of Chiral Magnetic States in Magnetic Thin Films

10.2.3 Chiral Interaction and Skyrmion Lattices.

10.3 Chiral Néel Walls in Systems with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

10.3.1 Dynamics of Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall

10.3.2 DW Dynamics as a Probe of the Strength of the DM Interaction

10.3.3 Internal Spin Texture of Chiral Domain Walls

10.4 Magnetic Skyrmions in Noncrystalline Materials for Stabilization at Room Temperature

10.4.1 Room-Temperature Observation of Skyrmions Stabilized by Interfacial Chiral Interaction

10.4.2 Creation and Displacement of Skyrmionic Bubbles through Spin Torque

10.5 New Device Concepts Based on Chiral Magnetic Objects

10.5.1 Chiral Domain Wall-Based Racetrack Memory

10.5.2 Skyrmion-Based Racetrack: Advantages Over DW

10.5.3 Skyrmion-Based Multilevel MTJs

10.5.4 Skyrmion-Based High-Frequency Oscillators

10.5.5 Skyrmion Spin Logic Devices

10.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

11: Nanomagnetic Devices

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Memory and Storage-Class Memory

11.2.1 MRAM

11.2.2 Racetrack Shift Register

11.2.3 Ratchet Shift Register

11.3 Logic Devices

11.3.1 The Requirements of Digital Logic

11.3.2 Nanomagnet Logic

11.3.3 Domain-Wall Logic

11.3.4 All-Spin Devices

11.3.4.1 A Spin Transfer Torque Domain-Wall Device

11.3.4.2 All-Spin Logic

11.3.4.3 Spin-Wave Devices

11.4 Concluding Remarks

12: Microwave Nanomagnetism: Spin Torque Oscillators and Magnonics

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Basics of Magnetization Dynamics

12.3 Spin Torque Oscillators

12.3.1 Basics of Spin Torque Oscillators

12.3.1.1 Working Principles

12.3.1.2 Microwave Characteristics

12.3.2 Frequency Generation and Signal Processing

12.3.3 Frequency Detection

12.3.4 Magnetic Recording

12.3.5 Advanced Concepts

12.4 Magnonics

12.4.1 Spin-Wave Basics.

12.4.2 Control of Spin-Wave Propagation.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed January 17, 2016).

ISBN:

9783527699063

3527699066

9783527699056

3527699058

9783527698509

3527698507

OCLC:

967512066