The challenges of health disparities : implications and actions for health care professionals / Darren Liu, Betty C. Burston, Shartriya C. Stewart, Heidi H. Mulligan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Liu, Darren, 1974- author.

Burston, Betty (Betty C.), author.

Collier-Stewart, Shartriya, author.

Mulligan, Heidi H., author.

Contributor:

ProQuest ebook central.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Health services administration.

Healthcare Disparities.

Health Facility Administrators.

Data Collection.

Research Design.

Socioeconomic Factors.

United States.

Medical Subjects:

Healthcare Disparities.

Health Facility Administrators.

Data Collection.

Research Design.

Socioeconomic Factors.

United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xv, 347 pages.)

Place of Publication:

Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2019]

System Details:

text file

Contents:

Part I Fundamentals of Health Disparities p. 1

Chapter 1 Health Disparities: The Best of Times, the Worst of Times p. 3

The Status of Humankind p. 3

Contemporary Subtribalism p. 6

Disparities by Geographic Region: The First Subtribes of Humankind p. 8

Subgroup Differences in Health Outcomes by Country/Nation p. 13

Chapter 2 What Are Health Disparities? p. 31

Systems of Social Stratification p. 32

How Society Has Contributed to Differential Health Outcomes p. 32

Emergence of Systems of Social Stratification p. 34

From Ethnocentrism to Racism p. 36

Redefining Health Disparities p. 37

Premise 1 The American Belief That "All Humans Are Created Equal" p. 37

Premise 2 Health Disparities as a Mathematical Concept p. 40

Premise 3 Health Disparities as a Statistical Concept p. 40

Premise 4 Health Disparities as a Sociological Concept p. 41

Choosing a Worldview for the Analysis of Data on Health Disparities p. 42

Healthcare Disparities Versus Health Disparities p. 44

The Determinants of Health Outcomes in the United States p. 46

Part II Researching and Assessing Health Disparities p. 53

Chapter 3 How to Conduct Research on Health Disparities p. 55

The Criticality of Access to a Librarian Trained in Health Science or Medicine for Health and Healthcare Disparity Research p. 56

Government Resources p. 57

The National Library of Medicine p. 57

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Minority Information Health Outreach p. 57

Health Services Research & Public Health p. 58

HealthReach: Health Information in Many Languages p. 61

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health p. 61

American Indian and Alaska Native Health Portal and the Arctic Health Portal p. 62

Minority Health and Equity Archive p. 62

Article Databases p. 62

Google and Google Scholar p. 63

Google in Site Search p. 65

Google Scholar Linking p. 65

Google Scholar Advanced Search p. 66

Chapter 4 Data Sources to Study Health and Healthcare Disparities p. 69

Primary Versus Secondary Data p. 70

Key Sources of Secondary Data on Health Outcomes p. 70

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) p. 73

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) p. 74

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) p. 75

National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) p. 76

Other National Centers for Health Statistics Datasets p. 76

Health Services Research Information Central (HSRIC) p. 77

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) p. 77

Chapter 5 Simple Statistical Tools to Assess Health and Healthcare Disparities p. 83

Measures of Disease Frequency p. 85

Count p. 85

Proportion p. 86

Ratio p. 86

Rate p. 87

Prevalence and Incidence p. 87

Using Statistics to Identify Health Disparities p. 89

Percentage Difference p. 91

Identifying Health Disparities: Other Approaches p. 94

Assessing Statistical Significance p. 95

Examples of Data on Ordinal Scales p. 100

Examples of Data on interval Scales p. 100

Examples of Data on Ratio Scales p. 100

Matching the Type of Data with the Analytical Approach p. 100

Multivariate Analysis p. 102

Correlation Analysis p. 102

Factor Analysis p. 103

Multiple Regression p. 104

Other Types of Multivariate Analysis p. 104

Part III Disparties in Health Care p. 109

Chapter 6 Physicians, Healthcare Quality, and Health Disparities p. 111

Physicians as a Component of the American Healthcare System p. 112

Characterizing Disparities in Healthcare Quality in the United States p. 113

Differences in Healthcare Quality by Income Group p. 115

Differences in Health Quality Outcomes Based on Differences in the Physician-to-Population Ratio p. 118

Chapter 7 Healthcare Disparities in Physician Practices p. 127

Physician Practices and Patient Communication p. 128

Implicit Bias p. 130

History of Efforts to Track and Improve Health Disparities p. 133

Chapter 8 Reducing Healthcare Disparities Through Physician-Patient Partnerships p. 139

Partnering with Healthcare Providers in Reducing Healthcare Disparities p. 140

Supporting Behavioral Change as a Strategy to Reduce Health and Healthcare Disparities p. 144

Self-Management: The Foundation of Physician-Patient Partnerships p. 145

Use of Websites and Smartphone Apps to Support Self-Management p. 146

Understand the Purpose of the Internet Search p. 147

Utilizing Online Information for Symptom Clarification p. 148

Use of Medical Apps to Support Disease Prevention and Disease Management p. 149

Telemedicine p. 150

Health Disparities and the Major Causes of Death: Opportunities for Employing Self-Management in Reducing Disparities p. 153

Other Strategies for Improving Patient-Physician Partnerships to Reduce Healthcare Disparities p. 154

Physician Visits and Monitoring/Screening p. 154

Chapter 9 Disparities in Primary, Specialty, and Tertiary Healthcare Markets p. 161

Health Disparities in Primary Care: The Case of Hypertension p. 162

Medication-Related Disparities with Regard to Hypertension p. 165

Health Disparities in Pediatrics p. 170

Disparities in Specialty Care: The Case of Cancer p. 175

Disparities in Tertiary Health Care: The Case of Kidney Transplantation p. 176

Kidney Transplantation: A Case Example of Tertiary Care Disparities p. 177

Some Notes on Reducing Disparities in Primary, Specialty, and Tertiary Care p. 179

Chapter 10 Hospitals and Healthcare Disparities p. 185

The Role of Hospitals in the American Healthcare System p. 186

Hospitals and Healthcare Disparities p. 187

Analyzing the Relationship Between Hospital Choice and Hospital Disparities p. 188

Hospitals and Healthcare Disparities: Emergency Departments p. 201

Consequences of Healthcare Disparities in Hospitals p. 204

Disparities in Nursing Care p. 207

Other Correlates of Disparities in Hospital Care p. 210

Disparities in Ambulance Diversion p. 210

Disparities in Postsurgical Complications p. 211

Chapter 11 Health Disparities in Health Insurance Markets p. 217

Structure of the American Health Insurance System p. 218

Organizations That Provide Private Insurance p. 219

Health Disparities and Health Insurance p. 222

Disparities in Sources of Payment for Health Insurance p. 222

The Decline of the Private Health Market: Additional Observations p. 228

Healthcare Disparities in the Public Insurance Marketplace p. 231

Medicare and Healthcare Disparities p. 232

Medicaid Insurance and Healthcare Disparities p. 232

Healthcare Disparities in the Private Insurance Market p. 234

Key Facts about Cancer and Health Disparities That All Administrators in Public and Private Insurance Organizations Should Know: A Case Study p. 235

Recommendation 1 Know How Cancer Disparities Are Distributed Across Various Healthcare Populations p. 235

Recommendation 2 Healthcare Administrators In the Insurance Industry Need to Have Knowledge Regarding the Nature of the Diseases of New Enrollees with Preexisting Conditions p. 236

Chapter 12 Healthcare Disparities in Long-Term Care Institutions p. 243

Overview of the Long-Term Care Industry p. 245

Informal Caregiving: An Overview p. 246

Disparities in Caretaking among Subgroup Populations p. 247

Nursing Homes p. 249

Quality of Care p. 249

Healthcare Disparities in Long-Term Care: The Case of Nursing Homes p. 250

Analyzing Disparities in Long-Term Care p. 252

Measuring Nursing Home Quality p. 254

What Is the Difference Between Data, Information, and Knowledge? p. 257

What Is the First Step? p. 262

Multiple Correlation Coefficient (Multiple R) p. 266

Coefficient of Determination (R Square) p. 266

Adjusted R Square p. 266

Standard Error p. 267

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) p. 267

Part IV Reanalyzing Health Disparities: Two Case Studies p. 275

Chapter 13 "They Protect Eagles, Don't They?": Using Health Disparity Research to Tell New Stories p. 277

The Ultimate Health Outcome: Life Expectancy p. 278

Disparities in Death Rates by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity p. 282

The Crisis of Early Death Disparities Among Young Males; An Analysis of the Data by Race/Ethnicity p. 288

The Health Disparities of Young Males: An Underacknowledged Crisis p. 291

Chapter 14 Uncovering Health Disparities: A Case Study on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Unintentional Injuries p. 295

ACEs, Injuries, and Health Disparities p. 297

Determination of Relationships Between ACEs and Unintentional Injuries in Young Adulthood p. 299

Chapter 15 Health and Healthcare Disparities: Where Do We Go from Here? p. 311

Efforts to Reduce Health and Healthcare Disparities p. 312

Ontological Reconfiguration as a Framework for Health Disparities Interventions p. 317

Reducing Remediable Health and Healthcare Disparities by Reengineering the Disparity Chain p. 319

Steps in Reengineering the Health Disparity Chain p. 321

Step 1 Ontological Reconfiguration p. 321

Step 2 Adopt an Informed Choice Framework to Guide Decision Making p. 321

Step 3 Adopt Self-Learning as a Way of Life p. 321

Step 4 Reengineering the Health Disparity Chain Begins by Introducing Data on the Intergenerational Transfer of Social Position p. 322

Step 5 Use Current Research to Create a Family Context That Maximizes the Possibilities for Children as Part of Reengineering the Disparity Chain p. 323

Step 6 Reengineering the Health Disparity Chain Through Family Health p. 324.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781284156102

1284156109

Publisher Number:

99978222078

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.