Regulation of tissue oxygenation / Roland N. Pittman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pittman, Roland N., author.

Series:

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; 2154-5626 # 65.

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 65

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oxygen Consumption.

Tissue metabolism.

Oxygen--Physiological transport.

Oxygen.

Medical Subjects:

Oxygen Consumption.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiii, 99 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2016.

System Details:

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 in their vicinity falls to a critical level of about 4-5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2. In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Contents:

11. Summary

References

Author biography.

10. Measurement of oxygen

10.1 Oxygen tension (PO2)

10.1.1 Polarographic electrodes

10.1.2 Phosphorescence quenching microscopy

10.2 Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2)

10.2.1 Spectrophotometry of hemoglobin

10.2.2 Resonance Raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin

9. Exercise and hemorrhage

9.1 Exercise

9.1.1 Fick's principle in exercise

9.1.2 Temporal phases of exercise

9.1.3 Microvascular approach to oxygen transport during muscle contraction

9.1.4 Limited oxygen release from red blood cells: effect of transit time

9.2 Hemorrhage

9.2.1 Fick's principle in hemorrhage

9.2.2 Compensatory mechanisms in hemorrhage

9.2.3 Circulatory shock and resuscitation

8. Matching oxygen supply to oxygen demand

8.1 Fick's principle

8.2 Convective vs. diffusive oxygen transport

8.3 Matching oxygen supply to oxygen demand: role of arterioles and capillaries

8.4 Oxygen profile along a capillary: mass balance

8.5 Heterogeneity of blood flow and oxygen delivery

7. Oxygen transport in normal and pathological situations: defects and compensations

7.1 Description of oxygen transport using Fick's principle

7.2 Stagnant hypoxia (hypoperfusion)

7.3 Hypoxic hypoxia

7.4 Anemic hypoxia

7.5 Histotoxic hypoxia

7.6 Summary of hypoxic conditions and responses

6. Tissue gas transport

6.1 Utilization of oxygen by tissues

6.1.1 Mitochondria

6.1.2 Role of nitric oxide

6.1.3 Role of myoglobin in striated muscle

6.2 Oxygen transport in the microcirculation

6.2.1 Longitudinal (axial) profile of oxygen in arterioles

6.2.2 Longitudinal (axial) profile of oxygen in a capillary

6.2.3 Tissue oxygen transport: Krogh cylinder model

5. Chemical regulation of respiration

5.1 Response to altered oxygen

5.2 Central and peripheral respiratory chemoreceptors

4. Oxygen transport

4.1 Gas exchange and diffusion

4.1.1 Overall gas exchange

4.1.2 Diffusion

4.1.3 Fick's law of diffusion

4.1.4 Summary of diffusion properties

4.1.5 Gas exchange limited by diffusion and perfusion

4.2 Oxygen in the blood

4.2.1 Blood: plasma and red blood cells

4.2.2 Hemoglobin (heme + globin)

4.2.3 Binding of oxygen to hemoglobin: oxygen saturation (dissociation) curve

4.2.4 Allosteric effectors of oxygen binding to hemoglobin

4.2.5 Overall oxygen transport

4.2.6 Carboxyhemoglobin

4.3 Artificial oxygen carriers

4.3.1 Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

4.3.2 Perfluorocarbon emulsions

3. The respiratory system and oxygen transport

3.1 Physical chemistry of respiratory gases

3.1.1 Gas laws

3.1.2 Properties of gases in liquids: Henry's law

3.1.3 Forms in which gases are carried

1. Introduction

2. The circulatory system and oxygen transport

2.1 Design of the cardiovascular system

2.2 Hemodynamics

2.2.1 Flow of blood through single vessels

2.3 Structure and function of the microcirculation

2.4 Transcapillary exchange of solutes

2.5 Regulation of blood flow

2.5.1 Local regulation of blood flow

2.5.2 Mechanisms of local regulation

2.5.3 Myogenic mechanism

2.5.4 Metabolically linked mechanisms of blood flow regulation

2.5.4.1 Metabolic vasodilator hypothesis

2.5.4.2 Erythrocyte as a mobile oxygen sensor hypothesis

2.5.4.2.1 ATP release from RBCs

2.5.4.2.2 NO release from RBCs

2.5.4.3 Nitric oxide/superoxide radical pair interaction hypothesis

2.5.5 Other oxygen-linked issues of flow regulation

2.5.6 Conducted vasomotor responses

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-98).

Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 19, 2016).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615047215

OCLC:

957008214

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.