Vascular smooth muscle function in hypertension / Theodora Szasz, Rita C.A. Tostes.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Szasz, Theodora, author.

Tostes, Rita C. A., author.

Series:

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; 2154-5626 # 61.

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 61

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular.

Hypertension.

Vascular smooth muscle.

Medical Subjects:

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular.

Hypertension.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (vii, 96 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2017.

System Details:

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

Hypertension is defined by an increase in systemic blood pressure above limits considered normal, currently set at 140 mmHg for systolic and 90 mmHg for diastolic pressure [1]. Assuming central venous pressure to be near zero, mean arterial pressure is determined by the product of total peripheral resistance and cardiac output. In most cases of essential hypertension, as well as in animal models of hypertension, cardiac output and its main determinants, stroke volume and heart rate, are normal, whereas total peripheral resistance is increased. Total peripheral resistance is influenced by a number of factors described by the Poiseuille's law, the most significant of which by far is the diameter of blood vessels of the arterial tree. Since blood vessel diameter is a reflection of both vascular structure and active regulation of vascular tone through mechanisms of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, it is generally considered that alterations in total peripheral resistance are directly determined by alterations in vascular smooth muscle structure and/or function. Thus, complex blood pressure regulation systems, including renal, nervous, endocrine, immune, and others, in their turn influenced by genetic or environmental factors, converge upon the same molecular mechanisms that control the structure and function of vascular smooth muscle. In this work, rather than providing the exhaustive list of modifications in the blood pressure regulating systems that ultimately affect the vasculature in hypertension, we will focus on the structural and functional alterations of vascular smooth muscle per se during hypertension.

Contents:

7. Concluding remarks

References

Author biographies and acknowledgments.

6. Vascular smooth muscle cell interactions in the vascular wall

5. Vascular remodeling in hypertension

4. Mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in hypertension

4.1 Alterations in receptor number/affinity

4.2 Calcium handling

4.3 Calcium sensitization

4.4 Membrane properties

4.5 Actin cytoskeleton

3. Alterations in vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension

3.1 Functional vascular changes in hypertension

3.2 Some historical perspectives on experimental models of hypertension

2. An overview of vascular physiology

2.1 A teleological perspective on circulation

2.2 Blood flow regulation

2.3 Some historical perspectives on the contraction of muscles

2.4 Some historical perspectives on the local mechanisms that regulate blood flow

1. Historical considerations on early physiological studies of the cardiovascular system

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-94).

Title from PDF title page (viewed on November 7, 2016).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615046850

OCLC:

962188074

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.