NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) / Arthur M. Butt.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Butt, Arthur, author.

Series:

Colloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine ; 2375-9917 # 9.

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine, 2375-9917 ; # 9

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Astrocytes.

Neuroglia.

Medical Subjects:

Astrocytes.

Neuroglia.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (viii, 43 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2017.

System Details:

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

Classically, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered to contain neurons and three main types of glial cells--astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Now, it has been clearly established that NG2-glia are a fourth glial cell type that are identified and defined by their expression of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (Cspg4). NG2-glia differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, under the control of multiple extacellular and intrinsic factors. Due to this, NG2-glia are often referred to in the literature as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The name polydendrocytes has been suggested for NG2-glia (OPCs), to emphasize their nature as a fourth distinct glial cell type. NG2-glia respond rapidly to neurotransmission via their synaptic connections with neurons and their repertoire of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Bidirectional interactions between NG2-glia and neurons are also important for synaptic function and neuronal integrity. NG2-glia respond to most neuropathologies by increased proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes, which is critical for replacing damaged myelin after injury and in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. There is also evidence NG2-glia are capable of generating astrocytes and neurons under some circumstances. The full capacity of NG2-glia is not yet clear, but their key function is the lifelong generation of oligodendrocytes, which is absolutely critical for CNS function and integrity.

Contents:

6. Concluding remarks

References

Author biography

Titles of related interest.

5. Pathological responses of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes)

5.1 Demyelination

5.2 Traumatic injury

5.3 Ageing

4. Synaptic signalling in NG2-glia (polydendrocytes)

4.1 Prominence of AMPA and GABAA receptor mediated signalling in NG2-glia

4.2 Functions of synaptic signalling in NG2-glia

4.3 Neurotransmitters and NG2-glial cell pathology

3. Physiological characteristics of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes)

3.1 Ion channels

3.1.1 Potassium channels

3.1.2 Sodium channels

3.1.3 Calcium channels

3.1.4 Chloride channels

3.1.5 HCN channels

3.2 Neurotransmitter receptors

3.2.1 Glutamate receptors

3.2.2 GABA receptors

3.2.3 Purine receptors

3.2.4 Other neurotransmitter receptors

2. Identification and lineage of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes)

2.1 Morphology and distribution of NG2-glia

2.2 Structure and function of NG2 (Cspg4)

2.3 Proliferation of NG2-glia and generation of oligodendrocytes

2.4 Multipotential nature of NG2-glia

1. Introduction

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-38).

Title from PDF title page (viewed on November 7, 2016).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615047314

OCLC:

962190531

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.