Regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth / Rao N. Jaladanki and Jian-Ying Wang.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rao, Jaladanki N., author.

Wang, J.-Y. (Jian-Ying), author.

Series:

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; 2154-5626 # 69.

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 69

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Gastrointestinal mucosa--Growth.

Gastrointestinal mucosa.

Gastrointestinal Tract.

Mucous Membrane--growth & development.

Growth.

Medical Subjects:

Gastrointestinal Tract.

Mucous Membrane--growth & development.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xi, 136 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2017.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.

text file

Summary:

The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.

Contents:

1. Introduction

2. Intestinal architecture and development

Mucosal wall architecture

Development and functions

3. Characteristics of gut mucosal growth

4. Intestinal stem cells

ISCs and their niches

Cancer stem cells

Signaling pathways regulating ISCs

5. Role of GI hormones on the gut mucosal growth

Gastrin

CCK

Secretin

Somatostatin

Ghrelin

Neurotensin

Bombesin/GRP

Other GI hormones

6. Peptide growth factors in GI mucosal growth

EGF family

TGF-[beta] family

IGF family

FGF family

Other factors

7. Luminal nutrients and microbes in gut mucosal growth

Luminal factors

Microbes in health and mucosal growth

Dietary supplements

8. Polyamines in the regulation of mucosal growth

Polyamine metabolism

Polyamines stimulate mucosal growth by enhancing gene transcription

Polyamines regulate epithelial renewal by altering expression of protooncogenes

Polyamines are required for protooncogene transcription

Possible mechanisms of action of the polyamines

Induced mRNA stabilization and growth arrest after polyamine depletion

Polyamine depletion stabilizes p53

Polyamines modulate JunD mRNA stability

Polyamine depletion stabilizes TGF-[beta] mRNA and activates Smad signaling

Polyamines regulate apoptosis by altering the stability of ATF-2 and XIAP mRNAs and stress granule assembly

Polyamines modulate the stability of mRNAs via the RNA-binding protein HuR

Polyamines modulate subcellular trafficking of HuR

Induced cytoplasmic HuR binds to target mRNAs in polyamine-deficient cells

Induced HuR stabilizes its target mRNAs in polyamine-deficient cells

mRNA translation by polyamines

9. Noncoding RNAs in gut mucosal growth and epithelium integrity

miRNAs in gut mucosal growth and homeostasis

miR-222

miR-29B

miR-503

miR-195

miR-122a and others

LncRNAs in gut mucosal integrity

LncRNA H19

LncRNA SPRY 4-IT 1

Summary and conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Author Biographies.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-133).

Title from PDF title page (viewed on December 6, 2016).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615047352

OCLC:

964669210

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.