Lateral hypothalamic control of energy balance / Gizem Kurt, Hillary L. Woodworth, Gina M. Leinninger.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kurt, Gizem, author.

Woodworth, Hillary L., author.

Leinninger, Gina M., author.

Series:

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; 2154-5626 # 79.

Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 79

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hypothalamus.

Bioenergetics.

Body weight--Regulation.

Body weight.

Hypothalamic Area, Lateral.

Energy Metabolism.

Body Weight.

Medical Subjects:

Hypothalamic Area, Lateral.

Energy Metabolism.

Body Weight.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (ix, 106 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

[San Rafael, California] : Morgan & Claypool, 2018.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.

text file

Summary:

Food and water are necessary for survival, but can only be obtained via ingestive behaviors (feeding, drinking, and moving). Survival thus depends on the ability of the brain to coordinate the need for water and energy with appropriate behaviors to modify their intake as necessary for homeostasis. However, the balance of these behaviors also inherently determines body weight, and imbalances contribute to the development of weight disorders, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the brain is anatomically positioned to coordinate the sensation of osmotic and energy status with goal-directed ingestive behaviors necessary to maintain homeostasis and body weight, and, hence, may hold insight into the potential treatment for energy balance disorders. This volume reviews the essential role of the LHA for the control of body weight, from its historical description as a "feeding center" to the current view of this LHA as a cellularly heterogeneous hub that regulates multiple aspects of physiology to influence body weight. Furthermore, we evaluate how specific LHA populations coordinate certain metabolic cues and behaviors, which may guide the development of pathway-specific interventions to improve the treatment of energy balance disorders.

Contents:

1. The weighty implications of the lateral hypothalamic area in energy balance

1.1 Homeostasis and body weight

1.2 What is energy balance and how does it relate to health?

1.3 Obesity is a disease of disrupted energy balance

1.4 The brain coordinates energy balance

1.5 Discovery of a role for the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in energy balance

1.6 Lateral hypothalamic syndrome suggests an essential role for the LHA in coordinating behavior

1.7 Physiologic and pharmacologic regulation of the LHA

1.8 Neuronal diversity in the LHA and implications for energy balance

2. Anatomy and connectivity of the LHA

2.1 Location of the LHA and implications for its function

2.2 Molecularly defined populations of neurons within the LHA

2.2.1 Overview of LHA subpopulations

2.2.2 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)

2.2.3 Orexin/hypocrectin (OX)

2.2.4 Neurotensin (NTS)

2.2.5 Galanin (GAL)

2.2.6 GABA

2.2.7 Glutamate

2.2.8 Receptor expressing populations (LepRb, MC4R)

2.2.9 Other populations of LHA neurons

2.3 Afferents to the LHA

2.3.1 Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)

2.3.2 Hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH)

2.3.3 Parabrachial nucleus (PB)

2.3.4 The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)

2.3.5 Nucleus accumbens (NA)

2.3.6 Regions involved in learning and memory (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and septum)

2.3.7 Lamina terminalis (LT)

2.4 Projections from the LHA

2.4.1 The ventral tegmental area (VTA)

2.4.2 The nucleus accumbens (NA)

2.4.3 Lateral habenula (LHb)

2.4.4 Regions involved in learning and memory (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus)

2.4.5 Lamina terminalis (LT)

2.4.6 Preoptic area (POA)

2.4.7 Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH)

2.4.8 Local projections within the LHA

2.5 Peripheral regulators of LHA neurons

2.5.1 Leptin

2.5.2 Ghrelin

2.5.3 Glucose

2.5.4 Dehydration

3. Roles of LHA neurons in regulating feeding

3.1 Overview of the LHA in control of feeding

3.2 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in control of feeding

3.3 Orexin (OX) neurons in control of feeding

3.4 Neurotensin (Nts) neurons in control of feeding

3.5 Galanin (Gal) neurons in control of feeding

3.6 Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in control of feeding

3.7 GABA neurons in control of feeding

3.8 Glutamate neurons in control of feeding

4. Role of the LHA in drinking behavior

4.1 Overview of the LHA in control of drinking

4.2 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in control of drinking

4.3 Orexin (OX) neurons in control of drinking

4.4 Neurotensin (Nts) neurons in control of drinking

4.5 CRH neurons in control of drinking

4.6 GABA and glutamate neurons in control of drinking

5. Role of the LHA in arousal, physical activity, and energy expenditure

5.1 Overview of the LHA in control of basal and volitional energy expenditure

5.2 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in control of energy expenditure

5.3 Orexin (OX) neurons in control of energy expenditure

5.4 Neurotensin (Nts) neurons in control of energy expenditure

5.5 Galanin (Gal) neurons in control of energy expenditure

5.6 GABA and glutamate neurons in control of energy expenditure

6. Role of the LHA in human physiology

6.1 What have 60 years of LHA studies in animals taught us about human energy balance?

6.2 Role of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in human energy balance and disease

6.3 Role of orexin (OX) in human energy balance and disease

6.4 Role of neurotensin (Nts) in human energy balance and disease

6.5 Role of GABA and glutamate in human energy balance and disease

References

Author biographies.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-104).

Title from PDF title page (viewed on December 13, 2017).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615047666

OCLC:

1015318271

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.