Light alloys : metallurgy of the light metals / Ian Polmear [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Polmear, I. J., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Light metals--Metallurgy.

Light metals.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (526 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, England ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.

Summary:

The definitive overview of the science and metallurgy of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and beryllium alloys, this is the only book available covering the background materials science, properties, manufacturing processes and applications of these key engineering metals in a single accessible volume. Use of these metals is now more widespread than ever, and they are routinely found in motor vehicles and aircraft. New material includes materials characteristics and applications; heat treatment properties; fabrication; microstructure/property relationships; new applications and processes. * The definitive single volume overview * New material on processing, characteristics and applications of these essential metals * Covers the latest applications and processes in the auto and aero industries

Contents:

Front Cover

Light Alloys

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the Third Edition

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Preface to the Fifth Edition

1 The light metals

1.1 General introduction

1.1.1 Characteristics of light metals and alloys

1.1.2 Beryllium

1.1.3 Relative abundance

1.1.4 Trends in production and applications

1.1.5 Recycling

1.2 Production of aluminium

1.2.1 Bayer process for alumina recovery

1.2.2 Production of aluminium by the Hall-Héroult process

1.2.3 Alternative methods for producing aluminium

1.3 Production of magnesium

1.3.1 Electrolytic extraction of magnesium

1.3.2 Thermic processes

1.4 Production of titanium

Further reading

2 Physical metallurgy of aluminium alloys

2.1 Work hardening and annealing

2.1.1 Strain-hardening characteristics

2.1.2 Substructure hardening

2.1.3 Forming limit curves

2.1.4 Textures

2.1.5 Secondary work-hardening effects

2.1.6 Annealing Behavior

2.2 Principles of age hardening

2.2.1 Decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions

2.2.2 The GP zones solvus

2.2.3 Precipitate-free zones at grain boundaries

2.2.4 Microalloying effects

2.2.5 Hardening mechanisms

2.3 Ageing processes

2.3.1 Precipitation sequences

2.3.2 Clustering phenomena

2.3.3 GPB zones in Al-Cu-Mg alloys

2.3.4 Intermediate precipitates

2.3.5 Secondary precipitation

2.4 Corrosion

2.4.1 Surface oxide film

2.4.2 Contact with dissimilar metals

2.4.3 Influence of alloying elements and impurities

2.4.4 Crevice corrosion

2.4.5 Cavitation corrosion

2.4.6 Waterline corrosion

2.4.7 Metallurgical and thermal treatments

2.5 Mechanical behaviour

2.5.1 Tensile properties

2.5.2 Toughness

2.5.3 Fatigue

2.5.4 Stress-corrosion cracking.

2.5.5 Corrosion fatigue

2.5.6 Creep

3 Casting of Light alloys

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Solidification of light alloys

3.2.1 Grain formation

Nucleation of the primary phase

Grain growth and morphology

3.2.2 Eutectic solidification

3.3 Grain refinement

3.3.1 Factors influencing grain refinement

3.3.2 Grain refinement by refinement methods and inoculation with master alloys

Aluminium alloys

Magnesium alloys

3.4 Castability

3.4.1 Fluidity

3.4.2 Volumetric shrinkage

3.4.3 Porosity

3.4.4 Hot tearing

3.5 Casting processes

3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.2 Melting

3.5.3 High-pressure die casting

Die soldering

Heat treatment

3.5.4 Semi-solid processing

3.5.5 Squeeze casting

3.5.6 Gravity and low-pressure casting processes

3.5.7 Sand and precision sand casting processes

Sand casting

Cosworth process

ILP Process

3.6 New casting processes

3.6.1 T-Mag

3.6.2 Ablation casting

3.6.3 Application of external fields

Melt conditioning

Ultrasound and magnetic fields

3.6.4 Twin-roll casting of magnesium

3.7 Joining

Further Reading

4 Wrought aluminium alloys

4.1 Production of wrought alloys

4.1.1 Melting and casting

4.1.2 Continuous casting with moving molds

4.1.3 Homogenization of DC ingots

4.1.4 Fabrication of DC ingots

4.1.5 Thermal treatment

Solution treatment

Quenching

Ageing

Thermomechanical processing

4.2 Designation of alloys and tempers

4.2.1 Nomenclature of alloys

4.2.2 Temper or heat treatment nomenclatures

4.3 Non-heat-treatable alloys

4.3.1 Super-purity and commercial-purity aluminium (1xxx series)

4.3.2 Al-Mn and Al-Mn-Mg alloys (3xxx series)

4.3.3 Al-Mg alloys (5xxx series).

4.3.4 Miscellaneous alloys (8xxx series)

4.4 Heat-treatable alloys

4.4.1 Al-Cu alloys (2xxx series)

4.4.2 Al-Cu-Mg alloys (2xxx series)

4.4.3 Al-Mg-Si alloys (6xxx series)

4.4.4 Al-Zn-Mg alloys (7xxx series)

4.4.5 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys (7xxx series)

4.4.6 Lithium-containing alloys

Al-Cu-Li

Al-Li-Cu-Mg

Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Ag

Al-Li-Mg

4.5 Joining

4.5.1 Welding

Arc welding

Friction stir welding

Laser welding

4.5.2 Brazing

4.5.3 Soldering

4.5.4 Diffusion bonding

4.6 Special products

4.6.1 Aircraft alloys

4.6.2 Automotive sheet and structural alloys

4.6.3 Shipping

4.6.4 Building and construction

4.6.5 Packaging

Canstock

Foil

4.6.6 Powder metallurgy products

Conventional processing

Spray forming

4.6.7 Aluminium alloy bearings

4.6.8 Superplastic alloys

4.6.9 Electrical conductor alloys

4.6.10 Electric storage batteries

Aluminium-air batteries

Aluminium-ion batteries

5 Cast aluminium alloys

5.1 Designation, temper, and characteristics of cast aluminium alloys

5.1.1 US Aluminium Association System

5.1.2 British system

5.2 Alloys based on the aluminium-silicon system

5.2.1 Modification

5.2.2 Binary Al-Si alloys

5.2.3 Al-Si-Mg alloys

5.2.4 Al-Si-Cu alloys

5.3 Alloys based on the aluminium-copper system

5.4 Aluminium-magnesium alloys

5.5 Aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloys

6 Magnesium alloys

6.1 Introduction to alloying behavior

6.2 Alloy designations and tempers

6.3 Zirconium-free casting alloys

6.3.1 Alloys based on the magnesium-aluminium system

6.3.2 Magnesium-zinc based alloys

6.3.3 Magnesium-RE-zinc alloys

Mg-RE-Zn alloys

Mg-Y-Zn alloys

6.4 Zirconium-containing casting alloys

6.4.1 Magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloys

6.4.2 Magnesium-RE-zirconium alloys.

6.4.3 Magnesium-RE-zinc-zirconium alloys

6.4.4 Alloys based on the magnesium-silver system

6.4.5 Alloys based on the magnesium-thorium system

6.5 Wrought magnesium alloys

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 Sheet alloys

Mg-Al based alloys

Mg-Zn based alloys

Mg-Mn based alloys

Mg-Li based alloys

Sheet texture

Sheet anisotropy

Sheet formability

6.5.3 Extrusion alloys

Mg-Mn-RE based alloys

Mg-RE based alloys

Hydrostatic extrusion

6.5.4 Forging alloys

6.6 Electrochemical aspects

6.6.1 Corrosion and protection

6.6.2 Cathodic protection

6.7 Fabrication of components

6.7.1 Machining

6.7.2 Joining

6.8 Trends in applications

7 Titanium alloys

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Classification of titanium alloys

7.1.2 Basic principles of heat treatment

7.2 α-Alloys

7.2.1 General

7.2.2 Fully-α alloys

7.2.3 Near-α alloys

Alloys heat treated in α+β phase field

β-Heat treated alloys

7.2.4 Ti-Cu age-hardening alloy

7.3 α−β Alloys

7.3.1 Introduction to Ti−6Al−4V and other common α−β alloys

7.3.2 Annealing treatments

β-Annealing

Mill annealing

Recrystallization annealing

Duplex annealing

Stabilization annealing

Stress-relief annealing

7.3.3 Properties of annealed α-β alloys

7.3.4 Quenching from β phase field

7.3.5 Ageing of titanium martensites

7.3.6 Decomposition of metastable β during ageing

The ω phase

β Phase separation

Formation of equilibrium α phase

7.3.7 Solution treated and aged (STA) α-β alloys

7.4 β-Alloys

7.4.1 Basic physical metallurgy

7.4.2 β-Titanium aerospace alloys

7.4.3 Specialty alloys

7.5 Fabrication

7.5.1 Hot working

7.5.2 Superplastic forming

7.5.3 Cold working

7.5.4 Texture effects

7.5.5 Machining.

7.5.6 Surface treatments

7.5.7 Joining

Fusion welding

Diffusion bonding

Brazing

7.5.8 Powder metallurgy processes

7.6 Titanium alloy castings

7.7 Engineering performance

7.7.1 Tensile and creep properties

7.7.2 Fatigue properties

7.7.3 Fracture toughness

7.7.4 Corrosion

7.7.5 Stress-corrosion cracking

7.7.6 Corrosion fatigue

7.8 Applications of titanium alloys

7.8.1 Aerospace

7.8.2 General applications

Chemical and pharmaceutical equipment

Power generation

Automotive

Marine

Military hardware

Architectural

Sports

7.8.3 Dental and medical prostheses

8 Novel materials and processing methods

8.1 Composites

8.1.1 Laminated composites

8.1.2 Sandwich panels

8.1.3 Metal-matrix composites

8.2 Metallic foams

8.3 Rapid solidification processing

8.3.1 Aluminium alloys

8.3.2 Magnesium alloys

8.3.3 Titanium alloys

8.4 Quasicrystals

8.5 Amorphous alloys

8.6 Mechanical alloying

8.7 Physical vapor deposition

8.8 Nanophase alloys

8.9 Titanium aluminides

8.9.1 Ti3Al(α2)

8.9.2 TiAl(γ)

8.9.3 TiAl3

8.9.4 Processing methods

8.9.5 Applications of titanium aluminides

8.10 Additive manufacturing or 3D printing

8.10.1 Metal powder and wire for AM

8.10.2 Scanning patterns and processing parameters

8.10.3 Surface roughness and defects

8.10.4 Microstructure and mechanical properties

Appendix

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-08-099430-X