The alternative introduction to biological anthropology / Jonathan Marks, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Marks, Jonathan (Jonathan M.), 1955-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Physical anthropology.

Physical Description:

xix, 283 pages ; 24 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : Oxford University Press, 2018.

Contents:

Chapter 1 What Is Anthropology, What Is Biological Anthropology, and Should I Be Getting Science Credit for This? (On the Philosophy of Science) 1

Theme 1

What Is Anthropology? 1

The Subfields of Anthropology 4

The Anthropology of Science 5

The Normative View of Science: Scientific Method 7

The Social Matrix of Science 11

Relativizing Science 12

The Origins of Anthropology 13

The Origins of Physical Anthropology 15

Biological Anthropology Today 17

References and Further Reading 18

Chapter 2 Where Did Our Scientific Ideas about Ourselves Come From? (On the History of Science) 20

Theme 20

The Beginnings of a New View of Nature 20

The Scientific Revolution 21

The Decline of Degeneration 23

The Anatomy of a "Pygmie" 24

Biblical Fallibility, or at Least Incompleteness 25

Monogenism 26

Cause and Effect 27

The Great Chain of Being 28

Buffon's Objection to the Nested Hierarchy 30

Extinction 31

Natural Theology 32

Uniformitarian Geology 34

Adam's World 35

Human Evolution 36

References and Further Reading 37

Chapter 3 Can You Tell If You Are a Darwinist? (On Theories of Evolution) 39

Theme 39

Darwin's Argument 41

Where People Fit In 42

The Sacrifice 44

Implications for Pattern 45

Implications for Species 45

Implications for Biological History 47

Implications for Relating Humans to Other Animals 48

Phylogeny: The Core of Darwinism 49

Other Darwinisms 50

Social Darwinism 50

Neo-Darwinism 51

The "Synthetic Theory" 52

Evolution at the Molecular Level 53

Punctuated Equilibria 54

Sociobiology 55

Universal Darwinism 56

Atheistic Darwinism 57

References and Further Reading 59

Chapter 4 Why Do I Look Like the Cable Guy, Daddy? (On Issues of Human Heredity) 61

Theme 61

The Theory of Particulate Inheritance: Mendel's Laws 64

Ten Non-Mendelian Laws 65

The Chromosome Theory 65

Linkage 66

Crossing-Over 66

Polygenic Inheritance 66

Environmental Influence on Phenotypes 67

Unit Characters 68

Properties of Heterozygotes 69

Pleiotropy 69

Imprinting 70

Extra-Nuclear Inheritance 71

The Molecular Genomic Basis of Heredity 71

The Alpha-Globin Gene Cluster 74

Mutation 75

Meanings of the Gene and Genetics 76

References and Further Reading 78

Chapter 5 Are We Here? If So, Why? (On Issues of Microevolution) 80

Theme 80

Do Things Exist for a Reason? 80

Principal Abstraction: The Gene Pool 81

Gene Flow 82

Inbreeding 82

Natural Selection 83

Genetic Drift 84

Sickle Cell 86

Why Is the Gene Pool the Way It Is? 88

Adaptation or Founder Effect? 90

Another Point Illustrated by Sickle Cell and Phenylketonuria 92

Sickle Cell, Tay-Sachs, and Genetic Screening 93

Kinship as a Biocultural Construction 94

Genetic History and the Diversity Project 97

Who Owns the Body? 98

References and Further Reading 99

Chapter 6 Building Better Monkeys, or at Least Different Ones (On Systematics) 101

Theme 101

Speciation 101

Specific Mate Recognition Systems 102

Genetic Systems Producing Incompatibility 103

Species as Individuals 106

Levels and Rates of Evolution 107

Developmental Genetics 108

Allometric Growth 110

Extinction 111

Classification 113

Systematics and Phylogeny 114

Classical and Cladistic Taxonomy 115

Phylogenetics 117

Limitations of the Phylogenetic Method 119

References and Further Reading 120

Chapter 7 Is That an Ape in Your Genes, or Are You Just Glad to See Me? (On the Place of Humans in the Natural Order) 121

Theme 121

Primate Classification 122

Problems of Uniformitarianism 124

Genetic and Anatomical Data 125

The Mammals 126

Our Place in Primate Systematics 127

The Living Apes 129

The African Ape Clade 133

Cladism, Reductionism, and the Rise of the Hominins 135

What Does It Mean to Be 98% Genetically Chimpanzee? 137

References and Further Reading 139

Chapter 8 Apes Run Around Naked, Live in Trees, and Fling Their Poo. Do You? (On the Relevance of Apes to Understanding Humans) 141

Theme 141

What Primates Can and Can't Tell Us 141

Primate Fieldwork 143

Primates in Groups 144

Social Behavior and Ecology 145

Food 149

Sexual Activity and Parenthood 151

Models for Human Evolution 152

Baboons in the Sixties, Chimps in the Nineties 155

Looking Elsewhere for Clues about Human Evolution 156

The Ape Mind 157

Culture 158

Conservation 159

References and Further Reading 160

Chapter 9 Being and Becoming (On the Relevance of Humans to Understanding Humans) 162

Theme 162

Human Nature 162

The Most Fundamental Human Adaptation: Bipedalism 164

Why Be Bipedal? 165

The Second Fundamental Human Adaptation: The Teeth 167

Why Reduce the Canines? 168

The Third Fundamental Human Adaptation: The Brain 169

Why-Be Big Brained? 170

Social and Life-History Novelties 171

Physiological and Sexual Novelties 173

What Does It Take to Make a Scenario of Human Evolution Valuable? 174

Cultural Evolution 175

References and Further Reading 176

Chapter 10 If History Is Humanities, and Evolution Is Science, What Is Paleoanthropology? (On the Assumptions of a Diachronic Science) 178

Theme 178

Scientific Inferences across Time 178

Skeletal Biology 179

Sexual Dimorphism 179

Ontogeny 180

Geographic Variation 180

Paleopathology 181

Sources of Morphological Variation 181

Lumping and Splitting 184

Fossilization 186

Other Considerations 187

Rights and Responsibilities in Paleoanthropology 189

Kinds of Evidence 190

Superposition and Association 191

Dating 191

Doing the Best We Can with Lost Data 192

Making Sense of Human Ancestry 194

Classifying the Living Apes and Fossil Ancestors 196

References and Further Reading 198

Chapter 11 The Dental and the Mental (On Making Sense of the Early Diversification of the Human Lineage) 200

Theme 200

The Shadow of Piltdown Man 200

A Hominid Origin 201

Discovery of the Australopiths 202

Australopithecus: Basal Bipeds 204

Paranthropus: The Dental Adaptation 207

Early Homo: The Mental Adaptation 209

The Beginning of Cultural Evolution 212

References and Further Reading 215

Chapter 12 What to Do When Confronted by a Neandertal (On Continuity and Discontinuity) 217

Theme 217

The Human Lineage 221

The Mental and Social Life of Homo erectus 223

Homo sapiens, the Wise Species 224

Neandertal Life 225

Anatomically Modern People 227

The Emergence of Art 230

The Political Nature of Ancestry 232

Testing Paleontological Models Genetically 233

References and Further Reading 235

Chapter 13 Just How Different Is Different? (On Race) 238

Theme 238

Race 238

Patterns of Contemporary Human Variation 241

Why Do We See Races? 244

Race as a Biocultural Category 247

Asking Scientific Questions about Human Diversity 249

Race Is to Ethnicity as Sex Is to Gender, But Not Quite 251

What Is Innate? 251

Patterns of Human Genetic and Behavioral Variation 254

References and Further Reading 255

Chapter 14 Nature/Culture, or How Science Manages to Give Little Answers to Big Questions (On the Non-reductive Core of Anthropology) 258

Theme 258

Adaptability and the Human Condition 258

Folk Theories of Heredity 261

The State of the Species 264

The Anthropology of Science 265

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA): Who Owns the Bones? 270

Origin Myths, Scientific and Otherwise 273

Biocultural Studies, or Cyborg Anthropology 275

References and Further Reading 277.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780190490997

0190490993

OCLC:

973733263