Research methods and techniques in architecture / Elżbieta Danuta Niezabitowska.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Niezabitowska, Elżbieta, author.

Standardized Title:

Metody i techniki badawcze w architekturze. English

Language:

English

Polish

Subjects (All):

Architecture--Research.

Architecture.

Physical Description:

xx, 330 pages ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.

Contents:

1 The Relation Between Science, Theory of Architecture, and Practice p. 1

1.1 A Brief History of Architectural Development Perceived as a Practical Discipline p. 4

1.2 Causes of Development of Science in Architecture and Urban Planning p. 8

1.3 Drawbacks of Science in Architecture p. 9

1.4 Inter-, Multi-, and Transdisciplinarity of Architecture and Urban Planning p. 11

1.5 Architecture as a Science: Literature Overview p. 14

The Philosophical Reflection Trend: Literature Analysis p. 15

A Research Trend in Architecture Aimed at Perfecting Design Practice p. 20

Scientific Research Trend in Architecture p. 26

1.6 Scientific Theories in Architecture: Select Examples p. 31

The Environmental Theories That Influence the Creation of a New Paradigm of Architecture p. 32

The Environmental Design Theory of Jon Lang p. 40

Kevin Lynch's Theory of the Urban Space Structure p. 43

The Theory of the Sign of Robert Venturi: Architecture as a Means of Communication p. 45

The Privacy Gradient and Oscar Newman's "Defensible Space" Theory p. 46

Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language: The Theory of Form Synthesis p. 51

The Theory of the Phenomenological Approach of Christian Norberg-Schulz p. 52

Stewart Brand's Theory of Transitions and a Stratified Construction of Architectural Objects p. 53

Select Theoretical Conceptions Pertaining to the Research on Space Structure p. 56

The General Image of Science p. 66

2.2 Philosophy and Its Role in the Development of Science p. 73

2.3 Facts and Phenomena: Their Cognition and Interpretation p. 78

Philosophical Interpretation of Facts p. 79

Ideological Interpretation: Ideas and Doctrines p. 80

Interpretation of Facts in the Sphere of Practice p. 80

Scientific Interpretation p. 81

Looking at Facts and Other Phenomena in Architecture p. 82

2.4 The Processes of Mental Cognition p. 84

2.5 Requirements for Research Results p. 87

2.6 The Attitude of Scholars to Scientific Problems p. 88

3 Basic Notions Applied in Science p. 94

3.1 Defining of Notions in Science p. 94

3.2 Paradigm p. 96

3.3 Scientific Theories p. 98

Grounded Theory p. 100

3.4 Laws and Generalizations p. 102

3.5 Research Problem p. 102

Research Assumptions, Theses p. 106

Hypotheses p. 108

Dependent and Independent Variables in Empirical Research p. 110

3.7 The Comparison of Research Methods, Techniques, and Tools p. 111

4 Scientific Research in Architecture p. 113

4.1 The Aims of Research in Architecture p. 114

4.2 Review of Literature that Pertains to the Methodology of Research in Architecture p. 115

4.3 The Subject Matter and the Subject of Research in Architecture p. 118

4.4 Scientific Research and Its Types p. 119

4.5 Expert Research Versus Participation Research p. 121

4.6 Methodology of Research Works and Its Component Parts p. 123

The Strategy for Conducting Research (Organization, Selection of Methods, Tools, and Research Techniques) p. 124

Research Tools p. 124

Research Techniques p. 125

Triangulation of Research p. 126

Monitoring in Scientific Research p. 127

5 Research Process Designing p. 130

5.1 Basic Steps in Research Process Designing p. 131

5.2 Building the Research Team p. 132

5.3 Implementation of Research Results p. 136

5.4 Research Financing p. 136

6 Research Methods Applied in Architecture p. 138

6.1 The Method of Logical Argumentation: An Analysis and Logical Construction p. 140

6.2 The Method Based on Historical-Interpretative or Interpretative Research p. 143

6.3 Experimental Research p. 148

6.4 The Method of Quantitative and Statistical Research p. 150

6.5 Modeling and Simulative Research p. 154

6.6 Qualitative Research p. 159

POE: A Special Variation of Qualitative Research in Architecture p. 168

6.8 Action Research Method: Interventional Research p. 180

6.9 Heuristic and Forecasting Methods p. 181

6.10 Mixed Methods p. 183

7 Research Techniques p. 188

7.1 Research Techniques and Research Methods p. 189

7.2 Research Techniques Applied in Architectural Scientific Research p. 189

Description, Explanation, and Interpretation p. 193

Literature Research, Analysis, and Critique p. 196

Field Trip, Walkthrough p. 197

Collecting Documents, Artifacts, Photographs, Drawings, etc. p. 199

Measurements p. 200

Statistical Techniques and Surveys p. 200

Correlations p. 210

Comparative Studies p. 212

Scaling Techniques p. 217

Semantic Differential p. 219

Mapping p. 227

Sorting p. 228

Focus Group Interviews p. 236

7.3 Research Techniques That Support Decision-Making Processes in Design and Strategic Development p. 238

Adjacency Analysis p. 239

Modeling: Physical, Graphic, Virtual p. 239

Checklists and Scale Ratings p. 246

SWOT Analyses p. 247

Heuristic and Prognosis Research Techniques p. 254

Delphi Techniques p. 254

Brainstorming p. 255

Marketing Techniques p. 257

Summary of Forecasting Techniques p. 257

7.4 Pilot and Pretest p. 258

8 Practical Activities Connected with the Realization of Research p. 264

8.1 Design-Related Research p. 264

8.2 Tools for Recording Research Results p. 266

Cross Tabulations/Matrices p. 268

Graphical Charts, Schemes, Diagrams p. 268

Graphical Models p. 272

8.3 Tools for Checking the Quality of a Built Environment p. 272

8.4 Techniques for Checking Credibility of the Results of Research p. 276

8.5 Errors in Understanding, Errors in the Interpretation of the Results of Research p. 277

9.1 New Research Areas in Architecture p. 282

9.2 The Role of Professional Organizations in Science Development in Architecture p. 285.

Notes:

Translated from the Polish.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Related Work:

Translation of: Niezabitowska, Elżbieta. Metody i techniki badawcze w architekturze.

ISBN:

9781138055971

1138055972

9781138055988

1138055980

OCLC:

1010703037