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Regulating toxic substances : a philosophy of science and the law / Carl F. Cranor.
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- Cranor, Carl F., author.
- Series:
- Environmental ethics, values, and policy.
- Environmental ethics, values, and policy
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Hazardous substances--Law and legislation--United States.
- Hazardous substances.
- Chemicals--Law and legislation--United States.
- Chemicals.
- Industrial safety--Law and legislation--United States.
- Industrial safety.
- Chemical industry.
- Hazardous Substances.
- Occupational Health.
- Chemical Industry.
- United States.
- Medical Subjects:
- Hazardous Substances.
- Occupational Health.
- Chemical Industry.
- United States.
- Genre:
- Session laws.
- Statutes and codes.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (xix, 252 pages) : illustrations.
- Other Title:
- Philosophy of science and the law
- Place of Publication:
- New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- This treatise on the legal assessment of risks regarding toxic chemicals addresses the standards of evidence in legal proceedings and the regulatory decisions covering these chemicals.
- Contents:
- Introduction: Assessing Toxic Substances Through a Glass Darkly
- 1. The Scientific Background
- Predicting Risks from Animal Bioassays
- Background
- Regulatory Science and Policy Choices
- Normative Implications of the Scientific Uncertainties in Risk Assessment
- Problems in the Statistics of Human Epidemiological Studies and Animal Bioassays
- Discovering Risks
- Practical Evidence-Gathering Problems
- Theoretical Difficulties
- Traditional Practices in Interpreting Epidemiological Studies
- An Alternative to Traditional Practices
- Clean Hands Science, Dirty Hands Public Policy
- Professional Ethics
- Public Policy Issues
- 2. Scientific Evidence in the Tort Law
- Institutional Background
- The Challenge to Present Evidentiary Procedures
- Legal Issues
- Arguments for the Scientific Standards Test
- Arguments Against Competitor Views
- Black's Proposal
- A Common Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Scientific and Legal Burdens of Proof
- An Alternative View
- 3. Joint Causation, Torts, and Administrative Law in Environmental Health Protections
- Joint Causation and the Tort Law
- Liability Rules for Causation
- Proof of Causation
- Administrative Law
- No Moral or Policy Bars to Regulation when Joint Causation Obtains
- The Case for Regulation of Toxic Substances when Joint Causation Obtains
- Utilitarian Arguments
- Justice Arguments
- Other Considerations for Using Administrative Remedies
- 4. Scientific Procedures in Regulatory Agencies
- Major Laws Regulating Carcinogens
- Premarket Regulatory Statutes
- Postmarket Regulatory Statutes
- Procedural Requirements
- Substantive Statutory Requirements
- Approaches to Risk Assessment in Regulatory Agencies
- A Brief History of Agency Use of Risk Assessment
- Current Agency Risk Assessment Practices
- Two Unacceptable Approaches to Risk Assessment
- The Complete and Accurate Science Approach
- The Science-Intensive Approach
- Shortcomings of Present and Recommended Practices
- An Alternative Approach
- Coping with Scientific Uncertainty
- Mitigating the Demanding Evidentiary Standards of Science
- Expediting Risk Assessment
- Use of Tabulated TD[subscript 50]s for Most Sensitive Sites and Species
- Use of Expedited Linearized Multistage Default Procedures
- The Virtues of Expedited Procedures
- Making Public Policy on Expedited Risk Assessments Through the Agencies and Courts
- 5. Epistemic and Moral Justification
- Epistemic Justification
- Moral Justification
- Principles Implicit in the Occupational Safety and Health Act
- Philosophical Theories of Distribution
- Utilitarianism
- The Daniels-Rawls Theory of Health Care Protection
- The Attraction of Distributively Sensitive Theories
- Notes
- Appendix A Uncertainties in Carcinogen Risk Assessments
- Appendix B Cancer Potency Estimates of CDHS and EPA
- Appendix C Relative Risk as a Function of Alpha and Beta Values
- Appendix D Statutes Authorizing Regulation of Carcinogens
- Appendix E Derivation of TD[subscript 50] Potency Values
- Bibliography
- Index.
- Notes:
- Description based upon print version of record.
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Description based on print version record.
- Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
- ISBN:
- 1-280-47380-0
- 0-19-534491-X
- 1-60256-617-8
- OCLC:
- 437173328
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