Mainstream deammonification / by Maureen O'Shaughnessy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

O'Shaughnessy, Maureen, author.

Series:

WERF Research Report Series

WERF Research Report Series ; INFR6R11

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water--Purification--Nitrogen removal.

Water.

Water--Purification--Biological treatment.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (304 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Alexandria, Virginia ; London, England : Water Environment Research Foundation : IWA Publishing, 2015.

Summary:

The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of applying the deammonification concept, which is already highly successful and proven in sidestream configurations, in the mainstream treatment process.

Contents:

Cover

Copyright

Acknowledgments

Abstract and Benefits

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Abbreviations

Executive Summary

Chapter 1.0: Single-Stage Mainstream Deammonification with Bioaugmentation - Mainstream Deammonification Pilot at Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant

1.1 Objective

1.2 Sequencing Batch Reactor Deammonification Operation Strategies

1.3 Experimental Setup and Methodologies

1.3.1 Deammonification Bench-Scale SBRs

1.3.1.1 SBR Experimental Setup

1.3.1.2 SBR Operations

1.3.1.2.1 SBR Cycle

1.3.1.2.2 Operation Chronology

1.3.1.2.3 Deammonification SBRs Aeration Modes

1.3.2 Methodologies and Data Acquisition

1.3.2.1 AMX Retention

1.3.2.2 UV Disinfection System

1.3.2.3 DO/ORP and pH Monitoring

1.3.2.4 NO/N2O Monitoring

1.3.2.5 In Situ Tests

1.3.2.5.1 Normal Operation Condition Profiles

1.3.2.5.2 Ideal Operation Condition Profiles (Maximum AMX Activity)

1.3.2.6 Ex Situ Tests

1.3.2.6.1 DO-Half-Saturation Parameter (Ko) Test

1.3.2.6.2 Temperature Sensitivity Activity Test

1.3.2.7 Molecular Work Sampling

1.4 Results and Discussion

1.4.1 AMX Bioaugmentation - Effectiveness and Temperature Sensitivity

1.4.2 AMX Retention Efficiency

1.4.3 NOB Repression

1.4.3.1 Intermittent Aeration and DO Setpoint

1.4.3.2 Ammonia Residual

Chapter 2.0: Full-Scale Pilots at Strass WWTP

2.1 Objective

2.2 Testing Phases and Pilot Configurations

2.2.1 Sidestream Reactor - Source of Seed Sludge

2.2.2 Cyclone Characteristics

2.2.3 AMX Seed Rate

2.2.4 SRT Information

2.2.5 Carbon Availability

2.3 Experimental Setup and Methodology

2.3.1 Sampling, Sample Processing, and Sample Coding

2.3.2 Ex Situ Tests.

2.3.3 Method Development and Evaluation for the Quantification of Active AMX Biomass (Podmirseg, et al. 2014)

2.3.3.1 Gravimetric Analysis

2.3.3.2 Activity Measurements

2.3.3.2.1 Anammox Activity Tests

2.3.3.2.2 AOB-Activity Tests

2.3.3.3 Particle Tracking

2.3.3.4 Heme Quantification

2.3.3.5 Coulter-Counter Analysis

2.3.3.6 DNA Extraction and Quantification

2.3.3.6.1 Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)

2.3.3.6.2 Denaturing Gradient Gel Analysis (DGGE)

2.3.3.6.3 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

2.3.3.7 Method Comparison

2.4 Results and Discussion

2.4.1 Operational Performance of Strass WWTP

2.4.2 NOB Repression - Activity Measurements and Ko Determination

2.4.3 AMX Bioaugmentation and Retention Efficiency (Particle Tracking)

2.4.3.1 AMX Biomass in the B-Samples

2.4.3.2 AMX Biomass in the B-OF-Samples

2.4.3.3 AMX Biomass in the B-UF-Samples

2.4.3.4 AMX Biomass in Process Water (PW) Samples

2.4.3.5 AMX Biomass in the Process Water Cyclone Overflow (PW-OF) Samples

2.4.3.6 AMX Biomass of the Process Water Cyclone Underflow (PW-UF) Samples

2.4.3.7 Granules Distribution Over Depth of Aeration Tank

2.4.4 Molecular Analysis

2.4.4.1 Quantification of the AMX, AOB, and NOB Community in the Mainstream Using RT-qPCR

2.4.4.1.1 In Situ Activity Measurements of Mainstream Samples

2.4.4.2 Qualitative Community Analysis Through DGGE

2.4.4.2.1 AMX

2.4.4.2.2 AOB

2.4.4.2.3 Nitrobacter

2.4.4.3 Morphology of AMX Granules from Strass WWTP (Austria)

2.4.4.4 Summary of the Sequencing Approach of Selected Samples

2.4.4.4.1 AMX Population

2.4.4.4.2 AOB Population

2.4.4.4.3 NOB Population

2.4.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions (NO and N2O as Intermediate Products in N-Removal).

Chapter 3.0: Dual-Stage Mainstream Deammonification Without Bioaugmenation - Full-Plant Deammonification for Energy Positive Nitrogen Removal Chesapeake-Elizabeth Nutrient Removal Pilot Study

3.1 Material and Methods

3.1.1 Preliminary Treatment

3.1.2 A-Stage High-Rate Activated Sludge Process (HRAS)

3.1.3 B-Stage AVN

3.1.4 B-Stage AVN CSTR with Anammox MBBR

3.1.5 Microbial Activity Measurements

3.1.5.1 AOB-NOB Maximum Activity Measurement

3.1.5.2 AMX Maximum Activity Measurement

3.1.6 Molecular Sampling and Analysis

3.1.6.1 AOB and NOB Molecular Sampling

3.1.6.2 AMX Molecular Sampling

3.1.6.3 Molecular Analysis

3.2 Results

3.2.1 A-Stage High Rate Activated Sludge

3.2.1.1 Influent Characteristics

3.2.1.2 Operating Parameters

3.2.1.2.1 Dissolved Oxygen

3.2.1.2.2 Aerobic Duration

3.2.1.2.3 Solids Retention Time

3.2.1.2.4 Settling and Bioflocculation

3.2.1.2.5 Mineralization

3.2.1.2.6 Storage

3.2.1.3 Off-Gas Testing

3.2.1.4 Settling

3.2.2 B-Stage AVN

3.2.2.1 Long-Term Operation

3.2.2.2 TIN Removal Efficiency

3.2.2.3 NOB Out-Selection in AVN

3.2.3 B-Stage AVN CSTR with Anammox MBBR

3.2.3.1 AVN CSTR Performance

3.2.3.1.1 NOB Out-Selection in AVN CSTR

3.2.3.1.2 Settling Performance

3.2.3.2 Anammox MBBR Performance

3.2.3.2.1 AMX Activity and N Removal Rates

3.2.3.2.2 Nitrate Removal and AMX Contribution

3.3 Discussion

3.3.1 A-Stage High-Rate Activated Sludge Process

3.3.2 B-Stage AVN

3.3.2.1 Single-Tank Nitrogen Removal

3.3.2.2 Aeration Schemes for Optimized N Removal

3.3.2.3 NOB Out-Selection and TIN Removal Efficiency

3.3.3 B-Stage AVN CSTR with Anammox MBBR

3.3.3.1 AVN CSTR Nitrogen Removal Performance

3.3.3.2 Kinetic Out-Selection of NOB Over AOB

3.3.3.3 Metabolic Out-Selection of NOB Over AOB.

3.3.3.4 Feasibility of Anammox N Polishing in an MBBR

3.3.3.5 Nitrate Removal in AMX MBBR

3.4 Conclusions

3.4.1 A-Stage High-Rate Activated Sludge Process (HRAS)

3.4.2 B-Stage AVN

3.4.3 B-Stage AVN CSTR with Anammox MBBR

3.4.3.1 AVN CSTR

3.4.4 Anammox MBBR

Chapter 4.0: Process Modeling

4.1 Process Units Modeling and Conceptual Model Configuration Setups

4.1.1 Conceptual Model Configuration Setup

4.1.1.1 Idealized Whole Plant Flowsheet

4.1.1.2 Mainstream Deammonification (MDA) Process Units [Cyclone, Seeding]

4.1.1.3 Seed Quantity Estimation

4.2 Bio-Kinetic Model - Structure and Formulation

4.2.1 Plant-Wide Model - Two-Step Nitrification/Denitrification Model

4.2.2 GHG Model - Four-Step Nitrification/Denitrification Model

4.3 Key Model Parameter Measurements and Calibration

4.3.1 Key Model Parameters - Significance to Operation Strategies

4.3.2 Key Model Parameters - Calibration

4.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen Half Saturation Concentrations for AOB and NOB Growth (KO,AOB

KO,NOB) and Oxygen Inhibition Half Saturation Concentration for Anammox Growth (KiO,AMX)

4.3.3.1 Inorganic Carbon Half Saturation for AOB (KCO2)

4.3.3.2 N2O Emissions - Four-Step Nitrification/Denitrification Model

4.4 Simulation Studies and Evaluations

4.4.1 Energy Balances - A Comparison Between Conventional Mainstream Nitrogen Removal Process Nitrification/Denitrification, Nitrite Shunt, and Deammonification

4.4.1.1 Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification

4.4.1.2 Nitrite Shunt

4.4.1.3 Mainstream Deammonification

4.4.2 AVN versus Ammonia-Based Control Simulation Evaluation

4.4.3 NOB Outselection Mechanisms

4.4.3.1 Transient Anoxia

4.4.3.2 AOB Seeding/Selective Retention/SRT Pressure

4.4.3.3 Substrate Competition (OHO/NOB on O2

NOB/OHO/AMX on NO2).

4.4.4 Anammox Enrichment Simulation Evaluation

Chapter 5.0: Concept Studies

5.1 Recipe for Suspended Growth Short-Cut Nitrogen Removal

5.2 Process Control

5.3 Considerations for Implementing Short-Cut Nitrogen Removal or Mainstream Deammonification

5.3.1 Operating Costs

5.3.2 Effluent Criteria

5.3.3 Sludge Treatment

5.3.4 C/N at Different Points in Treatment

5.3.5 Technological Approaches

5.3.6 Equipment Requirements

5.4 Decision Matrix for Control/Approach

5.5 Concept Studies

5.5.1 HRSD Chesapeake Elizabeth

5.5.1.1 Facility Description

5.5.1.2 Permit Limits and Treatment Goals

5.5.1.3 Existing Plant Performance and Operational Challenges

5.5.1.4 Wastewater Composition

5.5.1.5 Pathway to Mainstream Deammonification

5.5.1.6 Plant Infrastructure and Capacity Considerations

5.5.1.7 Operational Cost Considerations

5.5.1.8 Next Steps

5.5.2 DC Water Blue Plains

5.5.2.1 Facility Description

5.5.2.2 Permit Limits and Treatment Goals

5.5.2.3 Existing Plant Performance and Operational Challenges

5.5.2.4 Wastewater Composition

5.5.2.5 Pathway to Mainstream Deammonification

5.5.2.6 Plant Infrastructure and Capacity Considerations

5.5.2.7 Operational Cost Considerations

5.5.2.8 Next Steps

5.5.3 H.L. Mooney AWRF

5.5.3.1 Facility Description

5.5.3.2 Permit Limits and Treatment Goals

5.5.3.3 Existing Plant Performance and Operational Challenges

5.5.3.4 Wastewater Composition

5.5.3.5 Pathway to Mainstream Deammonification

5.5.3.5.1 Option 1: Aeration-Based Ammonia Control (ABAC)

5.5.3.5.2 Option 2: Deammonification (Single- or Dual-Stage)

5.5.3.6 Plant Infrastructure and Capacity Considerations

5.5.3.7 Operational Cost Considerations

5.5.3.8 Next Steps

5.5.4 Robert White Treatment Facility

5.5.4.1 Facility Description.

5.5.4.2 Permit Limits and Treatment Goals.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 17, 2016).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

OCLC:

962411533