Clinical radiation oncology : indications, techniques, and results / editor, William Small, Jr. [and seven others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Small, William, Jr., editor.

Alektiar, Kaled M. MSKCC.

Chan, Timothy MSKCC.

Lee, Nancy Y. MSKCC.

Morrow, Monica MSKCC.

Powell, Simon Nicholas MSKCC.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cancer--Radiotherapy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (943 pages) : illustrations (some color)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley Blackwell, 2017.

Summary:

This fully updated and enhanced third edition offers a highly practical, application-based review of the biological basis of radiation oncology and the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy. Revised edition of the classic reference in radiation oncology from Dr. C.C. Wang, whose practical approach to clinical application was legendary Includes the latest developments in the field: intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image guided radiation therapy, and particle beam therapy Includes two brand new chapters Palliative Radiotherapy , and Statistics in Radiation Oncology Features a vibrant and extremely comprehensive head and neck section Provides immediately applicable treatment algorithms for each tumor

Contents:

Intro

Clinical Radiation Oncology

Contents

Dedication

Preface

Contributors

Section 1 Scientific Foundations

1 Basic Concepts of Clinical Radiation Oncology

Introduction

Planning and Preparation

Radiation Therapy in the Clinic

Combining Radiation Therapy with Surgery

Preoperative Radiation Therapy

Postoperative Radiation Therapy

Combining Radiation Therapy with Chemotherapy

Combining Radiation Therapy with Biologic Agents

Combining Radiation Therapy with Hormonal Agents

Radiosensitivity and Tumor Control Probability

Fractionation and Fraction Size

Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio

Radiocurable Tumors

Technological Advances in Radiotherapy

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

Image-Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT)

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)/Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)

Particle Beam Radiotherapy

Brachytherapy

Intraoperative Radiotherapy

Unsealed Sources

Hyperthermia

Radiation Complications

References

2 Radiation Biology for Radiation Oncologists

DNA Damage, DNA Repair, and Cell Survival

DNA Damage After Irradiation

Immediate Biochemical Modification of Radiation-Induced Damage

DNA Damage Sensing and DNA Repair

Modes of Cell Death Following DNA Damage

Biological Factors that Influence Radiation Response

The Oxygen Effect and the Significance of Hypoxia

Radiation Sensitivity, the Cell Cycle, and Checkpoints

Physical Parameters Affecting Radiation Response

Dose Rate

Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biological Effectiveness

Tumor and Tissue Responses to Ionizing Radiation

Dose-Response Curves and the Therapeutic Window

Tumor Cell Radiation Sensitivity

Dose-Response Curves for Tumors Irradiated In Situ.

Slope of Dose-Response Curve and Heterogeneity in Treated Tumors

Tumor Volume and TCD50

Recurrent Tumors

Immune Reaction and Tumor Response

Normal Tissue Response

Attempts to Reduce the Impact of Hypoxic Cells on Tumor Resistance

Dose Fractionation and Tissue Response

Biological Significance of Dose Fractionation

Models of Fractionation Dependence

Combination of Radiation and Chemotherapeutic Agents: Cytotoxics, Sensitizers, and Protectors

Radiation Protectors

Rationale for the Combination of Surgery and Radiotherapy

New Approaches to Optimize Radiation Therapy

Inhibition of Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathways to Enhance Radiotherapy

Modulation of Apoptosis to Increase Tumor Cell Kill or Protect Normal Tissues

Angiogenesis as a Target for Cancer Therapy

Summary

3 Treatment Planning

Imaging

Imaging for Treatment Planning

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Emission Tomography

Image Processing

Image Registration

Deformable Image Registration (DIR)

Image Segmentation

Dose Calculations

Single-Field Dosimetry

Multifield Plans-3D Conformal and IMRT Dose Distributions

Treatment Planning Case Examples

Prostate

Lung

Head and Neck

Acknowledgements

4 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy

Rationale and Benefits of IGRT

Process of IGRT

Off-Line, On-Line, and Real-Time Corrections

Imaging Modalities Employed for IGRT

Two-Dimensional (2-D) Planar Imaging

Fluoroscopy

Three-Dimensional (3-D) Volumetric CT Imaging

Transabdominal Ultrasound

In-Room Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Complementary Techniques and Non-Imaging Based Localization of the Tumor During Radiotherapy Delivery

Potential Disadvantages and Limitations of IGRT.

Future Potentials of IGRT

Implementation of Dose Painting

Determining More Accurate Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities

Adaptive IGRT

Conclusion

5 A Guide to Understanding Statistics in Radiation Oncology

Terminology and Definitions

Type I and Type II Errors

Statistical Power

p-Values

One-Sided and Two-Sided Hypothesis Tests

Hazard Ratios

Data Monitoring Committee

Determining a Sample Size for a Clinical Trial

Types of Trial

Phase I Trials

Phase II Trials

Phase III Trials

Phase II-R Trial Example (Figure 5.2)

Phase III Trial Example (Figure 5.3)

Analyses

Interpreting p-Values

Survival Analyses

Subgroup Analyses

Non-Positive Trials

6 Use of Protons for Radiation Therapy

The Desire for Better Radiation Therapy

Local Tumor Control

Normal Tissue Damage

Improvements in Dose Distributions

History of Proton Beam Therapy

Charged Particle Beam Therapy - Better Dose Distributions

Charged Particles Versus X-Ray

Spread-Out Bragg Peak and Dose Uniformity

Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE) and Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

Treatment Planning Considerations with Protons

Treatment Planning in Proton Therapy

Treatment Delivery Techniques

Clinical Results from Proton Therapy

Ocular Neoplasms

Skull-Base Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas

Pediatrics

Lymphoma

Breast

Head and Neck Cancers

The Value of Proton Therapy: Clinical Trials

New Proton Therapy Centers

7 Principles of Palliative Radiation Therapy

The History of End-of-Life Care

Early Hospice and Palliative Medicine

Origins of Palliative Radiotherapy

Current Scope of the Problem

Pharmacologic Management of Pain

The Nature of Cancer Pain.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications

Opioid Medications

Adjuvant Pain Medications

Clinical Indications for Palliative Radiotherapy

Painful Bone Metastases

Spinal Cord/Cauda Equina Compression

Brain Metastases

Locally Advanced Lung Cancer

Liver Metastases

Esophageal Cancer

Head and Neck Cancer

Gynecologic Malignancies

Locally Advanced Genitourinary Cancer

Rectal Cancer

Blindness from Orbital Metastasis

Splenomegaly Due to Hematologic Cancer

Contraindications to Palliative Radiotherapy

Palliative Care Special Topics

Pediatric Palliative Care

Prognostication

Palliative Care Team

Nurses

Social Workers

Spiritual Caregivers

Communication with Palliative Care Patients

Pitfalls in Communication

Optimizing Communication

Conclusions and Future Directions

8 Patient Safety and Quality: Management for the Radiation Oncologist

Defining Safety and Quality

Defining and Quantifying Radiation Incidents

Importance of Radiation Oncology Incident Learning Systems

Concepts in Quality Management

The Quality Management Process

Lessons from Practice Quality Improvement Experiences

Concepts in Standardization and Workflow Efficiency

Clinical Targets for Standardization and Workflow Efficiency

Importance of Peer Review in Radiation Oncology

Section 2 Cancers of the Head and Neck

9 Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Structure of the Oral Cavity

Lip

Oral Tongue

Floor of the Mouth

Buccal Mucosa

Gingiva and Hard Palate

Retromolar Trigone

Diagnosis and Staging

Epidemiology

Selection of Therapy

Adjuvant Therapy

Definitive Chemoradiation

Radiotherapeutic Management

Conventional EBRT

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Intraoral Cone Radiotherapy

Brachytherapy.

Site-Specific Treatment Recommendations and Results of Treatment

Floor of Mouth

Hard Palate and Gingiva

Complications of Treatment

10 Oropharyngeal Cancer

Anatomy

Soft Palate

Tonsillar Region

Base of Tongue

Posterior and Lateral Pharyngeal Walls

Neck Nodal Levels

Epidemiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors

Pathology

Patterns of Spread

Clinical Presentation

Patient Evaluation

Staging

General Management Principles

Early T-Stage Disease

Tonsillar Cancer

Pharyngeal Wall

Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer

Chemoradiotherapy

Biologic Therapy and Radiation

Altered Fractionation

Induction Chemotherapy

Postoperative Management

Postoperative Chemoradiation

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Conventional Technique

Postoperative Techniques

Conclusions

11 Larynx and Hypopharynx

Lymph Node Metastasis

Selection of Treatment

Carcinoma of the Glottis

Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)

T1 and T2 Tumors

T3 Tumors

T4 Tumors

Carcinoma of the Supraglottis

T1 and T2 Disease

T3 Disease

T4 Disease

Carcinoma of the Subglottis

Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx

Patient Set-Up and Virtual Simulation

Radiation Fields, Treatment Volumes, Dose and Fractionation

Results of Radiation Therapy

IMRT for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Larynx Preservation in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer

References.

12 Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-119-34135-3

1-119-34115-9

1-119-34121-3

OCLC:

957705232