Hydrogen production technologies / edited by Mehmet Sankir and Nurdan Demirci Sankir.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sankir, Mehmet, editor.

Demirci Sankir, Nurdan, editor.

Series:

Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hydrogen as fuel--Technological innovations.

Hydrogen as fuel.

Hydrogen--Biotechnology.

Hydrogen.

Hydrogen industry--Technological innovations.

Hydrogen industry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (632 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Beverly, Massachusetts ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Part I Catalytic and Electrochemical Hydrogen Production

1 Hydrogen Production from Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: Review of Catalyst Development, Reaction Mechanism and Reactor Modeling

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming Process

1.2.1 Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Methanol (SRM)

1.2.2 Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Ethanol (SRE)

1.2.2.1 Co-Based Catalysts for SRE

1.2.2.2 Ni-Based Catalysts for SRE

1.2.2.3 Bimetallic-Based Catalysts for SRE

1.2.3 Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Glycerol (SRG)

1.3 Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism for Steam Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons

1.3.1 Surface Reaction Mechanism for SRM

1.3.2 Surface Reaction Mechanism for SRE

1.3.3 Surface Reaction Mechanism for SRG

1.4 Reactor Modeling and Simulation in Steam Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons

References

2 Ammonia Decomposition for Decentralized Hydrogen Production in Microchannel Reactors: Experiments and CFD Simulations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ammonia Decomposition for Hydrogen Production

2.2.1 Ammonia as a Hydrogen Carrier

2.2.2 Thermodynamics of Ammonia Decomposition

2.2.3 Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics for Ammonia Decomposition

2.2.3.1 Effect of Ammonia Concentration

2.2.3.2 Effect of Hydrogen Concentration

2.2.4 Current Status for Hydrogen Production Using Ammonia Decomposition

2.2.4.1 Microreactors for Ammonia Decomposition

2.3 Ammonia-Fueled Microchannel Reactors for Hydrogen Production: Experiments

2.3.1 Microchannel Reactor Design

2.3.2 Reactor Operation and Performance

2.3.2.1 Microchannel Reactor Operation

2.3.2.2 Performance and Operational Considerations

2.3.2.3 Performance Comparison with Other Ammonia Microreactors.

2.4 CFD Simulation of Hydrogen Production in Ammonia-Fueled Microchannel Reactors

2.4.1 Model Validation

2.4.2 Velocity, Temperature and Concentration Distributions

2.4.3 Evaluation of Mass Transport Limitations

2.4.4 Model Limitations: Towards Multiscale Simulations

2.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

3 Hydrogen Production with Membrane Systems

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Pd-Based Membranes

3.2.1 Long-Term Stability of Ceramic Supported Thin Pd-Based Membranes

3.2.2 Long-Term Stability of Metallic Supported Thin Pd-Based Membranes

3.3 Fuel Reforming in Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production

3.3.1 Ceramic Supported Pd-Based Membrane Reactor and Comparison with Commercial Membrane

3.3.2 Metallic Supported Pd-Based Membrane Reactor

3.4 Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactors for Methane Reforming

3.4.1 Comparison of Membrane Reactors to Emergent Technologies

3.4.1.1 Methods and Assumptions

3.4.1.2 Comparison

3.4.2 Techno-Economical Comparison of Membrane Reactors to Benchmark Reforming Plant

3.5 Conclusions

4 Catalytic Hydrogen Production from Bioethanol

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Production Technology Overview

4.2.1 Fermentative Hydrogen Production

4.2.2 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

4.2.3 Aqueous Phase Reforming

4.2.4 CO2 Dry Reforming

4.2.5 Plasma Reforming

4.2.6 Partial Oxidation

4.2.7 Steam Reforming

4.3 Catalyst Overview

4.4 Catalyst Optimization Strategies

4.5 Reaction Mechanism and Kinetic Studies

4.6 Computational Approaches

4.7 Economic Considerations

4.8 Future Development Directions

Acknowledgment

5 Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane Using Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Catalyst

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Transition Metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis

5.3 Preparation, Stabilization and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles

5.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane

5.5 Durability of Catalysts in Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane

5.6 Conclusion

6 Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis

6.1 Historical Aspects of Water Electrolysis

6.2 Fundamentals of Electrolysis

6.2.1 Thermodynamics

6.2.2 Kinetics and Efficiencies

6.3 Modern Status of Electrolysis

6.3.1 Water Electrolysis Technologies

6.3.2 Alkaline Water Electrolysis

6.3.3 PEM Water Electrolysis

6.3.4 High Temperature Water Electrolysis

6.4 Perspectives of Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis

7 Electrochemical Hydrogen Production from SO2 and Water in a SDE Electrolyzer

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Membrane Characterization

7.2.1 Weight Change

7.2.2 Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC)

7.2.3 TGA-MS

7.3 MEA Characterization

7.3.1 MEA Manufacture

7.3.2 MEA Characterization

7.4 Effect of Anode Impurities

7.5 High Temperature SO2 Electrolysis

7.6 Conclusion

Part II Bio Hydrogen Production

8 Biomass Fast Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production from Bio-Oil

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Biomass Pyrolysis to Produce Bio-Oils

8.2.1 Fast Pyrolysis for Bio-Oil Production

8.2.2 Pyrolysis Reactions

8.2.2.1 Hemicellulose Pyrolysis

8.2.2.2 Cellulose Pyrolysis

8.2.2.3 Lignin Pyrolysis

8.2.2.4 Char Formation Process

8.2.3 Influence of the Pretreatment of Raw Biomass and Pyrolysis Paramenters on Bio-Oil Production

8.2.4 Pyrolysis Reactors

8.2.4.1 Drop Tube Reactor

8.2.4.2 Bubbling Fluid Beds

8.2.4.3 Circulating Fluid Beds and Transported Beds

8.2.4.4 Rotating Cone

8.2.4.5 Ablative Pyrolysis.

8.2.4.6 Vacuum Pyrolysis

8.2.4.7 Screw or Auger Reactors

8.3 Bio-oil Reforming Processes

8.3.1 Bio-oil Reforming Reactions

8.3.2 Reforming Catalysts

8.3.2.1 Non-Noble Metal-Based Catalysts

8.3.2.2 Noble Metal-Based Catalysts

8.3.2.3 Conventional Supports

8.3.2.4 Non-Conventional Supports

8.3.3 Reaction Systems

8.3.4 Reforming Process Intensifications

8.3.4.1 Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming

8.3.4.2 Chemical Looping

8.3.4.3 Sorption Enhanced Chemical Looping

8.4 Future Prospects

9 Production of a Clean Hydrogen-Rich Gas by the Staged Gasification of Biomass and Plastic Waste

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Chemistry of Gasification

9.3 Tar Cracking and H2 Production

9.4 Staged Gasification

9.4.1 Two-Stage UOS Gasification Process

9.4.2 Three-Stage UOS Gasification Process

9.5 Experimental Results and Discussion

9.5.1 Effects of Type of Feed Material on H2 Production

9.5.2 Effect of Activated Carbon on H2 Production

9.5.3 Effects of Other Reaction Parameters on H2 Production

9.5.3.1 Temperature

9.5.3.2 ER

9.5.3.3 Gasifying Agent

9.5.4 Comparison of Two-Stage and Three-Stage Gasifiers

9.5.5 Tar Removal Mechanism over Activated Carbon

9.5.6 Deactivation of Activated Carbon and Long-Term Gasification Experiments

9.5.7 Removal of Other Impurities (NH3, H2S, and HCl)

9.6 Conclusions

10 Enhancement of Bio-Hydrogen Production Technologies by Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria for H2 Production

10.3 Mathematical Modeling of the SR Fermentation

10.4 Bifurcation Analysis

10.5 Process Control Strategies

10.6 Conclusions

Nomenclature

References.

11 Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) as Innovative Technology for Sustainable Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals and Perspective Applications

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Principles of MEC for Hydrogen Production

11.3 Thermodynamics of MEC

11.4 Factors Influencing the Performance of MECs

11.4.1 Biological Factors

11.4.1.1 Electrochemically Active Bacteria (EAB) in MECs

11.4.1.2 Extracellular Electron Transfer in MECs

11.4.1.3 Inoculation and Source of Inoculum

11.4.2 Electrode Materials Used in MECs

11.4.2.1 Anode Electrode Materials

11.4.2.2 Cathode Electrode Materials or Catalysts

11.4.3 Membrane or Separator

11.4.4 Physical Factors

11.4.5 Substrates Used in MECs

11.4.6 MEC Operational Factors

11.4.6.1 Applied Voltage

11.4.6.2 Other Key Operational Factors

11.5 Current Application of MECs

11.5.1 Hydrogen Production and Wastewater Treatment

11.5.1.1 Treatment of DWW Using MECs

11.5.1.2 Use of MECs for Treatment of IWW and Other Types of WW

11.5.2 Application of MECs in Removal of Ammonium or Nitrogen from Urine

11.5.3 MECs for Valuable Products Synthesis

11.5.3.1 Methane (CH4)

11.5.3.2 Acetate

11.5.3.3 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

11.5.3.4 Ethanol (C2H5OH)

11.5.3.5 Formic Acid (HCOOH)

11.6 Conclusions and Prospective Application of MECs

12 Algae to Hydrogen: Novel Energy-Efficient Co-Production of Hydrogen and Power

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Algae Potential and Characteristics

12.2.1 Algae Potential

12.2.2 Types of Algae

12.2.3 Compositions of Algae

12.3 Energy-Efficient Energy Harvesting Technologies

12.4 Pretreatment (Drying)

12.5 Conversion of Algae to Hydrogen-Rich Gases

12.5.1 SCWG for Algae

12.5.1.1 Integrated System with SCWG

12.5.1.2 Analysis of the Integrated System.

12.5.1.3 Performance of Integrated System.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781523115037

1523115033

9781119283669

1119283663

9781119283676

1119283671

OCLC:

974035692