The Broca-Wernicke Doctrine : A Historical and Clinical Perspective on Localization of Language Functions / by Geert-Jan Rutten.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rutten, Geert-Jan, author.

Contributor:

SpringerLink (Online service)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Medicine.

Neurosciences.

Neurology.

Nervous system--Surgery.

Nervous system.

Medicine--History.

History.

Medicine & Public Health.

Neurosurgery.

History of Medicine.

Local Subjects:

Medicine & Public Health.

Neurosurgery.

Neurosciences.

Neurology.

History of Medicine.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (XVII, 306 pages 111 illustrations, 38 illustrations in color.)

Contained In:

Springer eBooks

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2017.

System Details:

text file PDF

Summary:

This book discusses theories that link functions to specific anatomical brain regions. The best known of these are the Broca and Wernicke regions, and these have become synonyms for the location of productive and receptive language functions respectively. This Broca-Wernicke model has proved to be such a powerful concept that is remains the predominant view in modern clinical practice. What is fascinating, however, is that there is little evidence for this strictly localist view on language functions. Modern neuroscience and numerous clinical observations in individual patients show that language functions are represented in complex and ever-changing neural networks. It is fair to say that the model is wrong, and that Broca's and Wernicke's areas in their classic forms do not exist. This is a fascinating paradox: why do neurologists and neurosurgeons continue to use these iconic language models in everyday decision-making? In this book, the author uses his background as a neurosurgeon and a neuroscientist to provide some answers to this question. The book acquaints clinicians and researchers with the many different aspects of language representation in the brain. It provides a historical overview of functional localisation, as well as insights into the misjudgements that have kept the localist doctrine alive. It creates an awareness of the need to integrate clinical observations and neuroscientific theories if we want to progress further in clinical language research and patient care.

Contents:

0. PREFACE

Personal experience

What we can learn from (everyday) patient cases

Classical authors with modern opinions

1. BROCA and THE BIRTH OF LOCALIZATION THEORIES

Gall

Flourens

Bouillaud and Broca

2. WERNICKE and CONNECTIONISM

Meynert

The symptom-complex of aphasia, part I

The symptom-complex of aphasia, part II

The symptom-complex of aphasia, part III

3. APHASIA AND/OR AGNOSIA ?

Lissauer

Freund

4. THE DIAGRAM MAKERS AND THEIR CRITICS

Lichtheim

Kussmaul

Hughlings Jackson

Freud

Marie, Head and the decline of localism

5. NAMING AND NUMBERING THE CONVOLUTIONS

Ecker, Leuret and Gratiolet: order out of chaos

Microscopic carthography

Brodmann and Campbell's view on Broca's area

Language areas defined in terms of gyri and sulci

The planum temporale

Some concluding remarks

6. MAPPING AND LESIONING THE LIVING BRAIN

Fritsch and Hitzig

Ferrier

Sherrington: the primate motor strip

Krause, Foerster and Penfield : the human motor strip

Bartholow and Cushing: first experiences from conscious patients

Penfield's speech and brain mechanisms

Ojemann: expanding the language territory

Duffau: subcortical pathways and hodology

Electrical stimulation mapping: gold standard

7. NEO-CONNECTIONISM, NEURODYNAMICS and LARGE-SCALE NETWORKS

Geschwind

Luria

Computational models and parallel processing

Language and evolution

Homologue language areas in non-human primates

More recent language models: Mesulam, Hickok and Poeppel

The phonological loop

8. FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING

Early landmark studies

Beyond single word processing

A comparison to classic language models

Intersubject variability

The problem of averaging

Hemispheric dominance

9. NEURAL PLASTICITY and REHABILITATION

Early studies

Diaschisis

Equipotentiality

Lashley

Critical period

10. BEYOND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS

11. SYNOPSIS.

Other Format:

Printed edition:

ISBN:

9783319546339

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.