GI epidemiology : diseases and clinical methodology / edited by Nicholas J. Talley [and five others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Talley, Nicholas Joseph.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Digestive organs--Diseases.

Digestive organs.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (431 pages) : illustrations, graphs

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England ; Oxford, England ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Summary:

Identifying how, why and in whom gastrointestinal disease occurs, and what can be done to prevent it, is of key importance for the modern-day gastroenterologist and researcher. Brought to you by the world's leading gastroenterologists, the second edition of GI Epidemiology: Diseases and Clinical Methodology is the only book that combines detailed analysis of the epidemiology of GI disease with a study of the methodology of clinical research. With a much greater clinical focus on the diagnostic and management approach for each disease than before, all existing chapters are fully updated with the very latest in statistical and clinical data. In addition, the revised edition contains several significant improvements, notably: • Five extra disease epidemiology chapters: Upper GI Bleeding; Hepatitis B and C; Common Tropical GI Diseases; Nutritional Epidemiology and GI Cancers; and Obesity among Adults • More illustrations, including maps of each disease • A more international focus with the inclusion of two experienced European editors • MCQs, summary checklists and key points throughout • Ten extra online-only chapters on methodological issues related to GI epidemiology such as Patient reported GI Epidemiology: Diseases and Clinical Methodology, 2nd Edition is the perfect reference tool for gastroenterologists involved in both patient management and clinical research, and also for epidemiologists involved specifically in GI disease data and more general epidemiological studies. Titles of Related Interest Yamada's Handbook of Gastroenterology, 3rd Edition Yamada; ISBN 9780470656204 Essentials of Gastroenterology Friedman; ISBN 9780470656259

Contents:

Intro

GI Epidemiology

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

About the companion website

PART ONE Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders: The Public Health Perspective

1 The burden of gastrointestinal and liver disease around the world

Introduction

Diarrheal disease

Global burden

Gastrointestinal malignancies

Colorectal cancer

Gastric cancer

Selected diseases of the liver

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Viral hepatitis in the United States

Liver cancer

Selected gastrointestinal diseases

Clostridium difficile infections

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Inflammatory bowel disease

Gastrointestinal diseases responsible for hospitalization

Limitations of the data

Implications

Multiple choice questions

Appendix 1.A

Sources

References

Answers to multiple choice questions

PART TWO How to Critically Read the Gastrointestinal Epidemiology Literature

Introduction and overview

2 How to read a cohort study

Brief introduction to cohort studies

Biases commonly seen in cohort studies

10-Point checklist of important issues when reading a report of a cohort study

Case study: Critical evaluation of cohort study "Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer" [8]

3 How to read a case-control study

Brief introduction to case-control studies

Biases commonly seen in case-control studies

10-Point checklist of important issues when reading a report of a case-control study

Case study: Critical evaluation of a case-control study "Effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on risk and survival from colorectal cancer"

Answers to multiple choice questions.

4 How to read a randomized controlled clinical trial

Brief introduction to randomized controlled trials

Biases commonly seen in randomized controlled trials

10-Point checklist for evaluating a clinical trial

Case study: Critical evaluation example

5 How to read a systematic review and meta-analysis

Biases commonly seen in meta-analyses

Other important strengths and limitations of meta-analyses

Important issues to consider when reading a meta-analysis

Case study: Critical evaluation

6 How to decide if any of this matters

Is the relationship described in the paper causal?

The evidence hierarchy

Austin Bradford Hill

Strength

Consistency

Specificity

Temporality (timing)

Biological gradient (dose response)

Plausibility

Coherence

Is the relationship important?

Relative versus absolute risk

Severity of disease

Is the relationship something we can affect or influence?

Number needed to treat (NNT) and numbers needed to harm (NNH)

Population attributable fraction

Cost implications

Conclusion

PART THREE How to Do Clinical Research in GI

7 How to develop and validate a GI questionnaire

Why do we need questionnaires?

Do we need to develop a questionnaire?

Development of a questionnaire

Determining the scope

Survey method

Writing the questions

Adapting a questionnaire

Validation of a questionnaire

Feasibility

Reliability

Validity

Using questionnaires in research

Conclusions

General reference

8 How to do population-based studies and survey research

Population-based surveys

Research question and aim of the study

Location of survey and engaging the population of study

Sampling

Data collection in a survey

Methods of data collection

Design of population-based studies

Descriptive design

Analytical designs

9 How to find and apply large databases for epidemiologic research

Commonly used databases

Global death and cancer registries

United States of America databases

SEER program

Medicare claims files

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative databases

SEER-Medicare linked database

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)

Swedish national registers

The Total Population Register

Swedish Conscription Register

Cause of Death Register

Cancer Register

Hospital Discharge Register (HDR) and Outpatient Register

Medical Birth Register

Multigeneration Register

Other registers

UK databases

UK primary care databases

Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)

Office for National Statistics for England and Wales (ONS)

Socioeconomic status information

Linked UK electronic data

Other UK data

Personal identity numbers

Other databases

Recommendations for the use of large databases for research studies

Completeness of the database

Representativeness of the database

Accuracy of information

Use of publicly available statistical calculators

Determining patient comorbidity

Robustness of findings

Power and sample size considerations

10 How to do genetic and molecular epidemiologic research.

Genetic epidemiology (GE)

Molecular epidemiology (ME)

Epidemiology principles

Error in GE and ME studies

Study designs and approaches

Molecular epidemiology study designs

Genetic epidemiology study designs

Clinical and historical studies

Family studies

Segregation analyses

Linkage analysis

Genome-wide association studies

Candidate gene-disease association studies

11 Diagnostic studies

Measures of test accuracy

Sensitivity and specificity

Positive and negative predictive values

Likelihood ratios

Single measures of test performance

The influence of choice of population on diagnostic test performance

The choice of a reference standard

Latent class analysis

Bayesian analysis

The effect of study design on diagnostic test performance

12 Randomized controlled trials

The key building blocks of randomized controlled design

Stages of drug trial development

Key issues relating to phase II and phase III trials

Objective

Number of subjects

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Types of randomized controlled trial

PART FOUR Epidemiology of Major GI Diseases

13 Epidemiology of GERD, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer

Prevalence of GERD

Secular trends in GERD

Overlap between GERD and other diseases

Risk factors for GERD

Barrett's esophagus

Prevalence of BE

Risk factors for BE

Esophageal cancer

Prevalence of esophageal cancer

Risk factors

14 Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Clinical microbiology and expression

Distribution of H. pylori infection in the general population

Transmission of H. pylori

Risk factors for H. pylori infection in the adult population

Peptic ulcer

Clinical outline

Occurrence of peptic ulcer in the general population

Secular trends in peptic ulcer occurrence

Incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer from the healthcare perspective

Healthcare utilization

Peptic ulcer in Asian populations

Risk factors for peptic ulcer: environmental exposures

Diet

Psychological factors

Genetic predisposition

A disappearing disease?

Geographic distribution

Demographic distribution

Opposing secular trend for cardia cancer?

Risk factors for stomach cancer

15 Epidemiology of dyspepsia

Disease definitions

Incidence and prevalence

Differential diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis

Alarm features

Natural history and mortality

Disability, quality of life, and healthcare seeking

Prevention

Areas for further study

16 Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Clinical summary

Incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Causes and their trends

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Helicobacter pylori

Medications

Comorbidities

Other

Variceal hemorrhage

Natural history and risk stratification

Nonvariceal hemorrhage

Healthcare costs

17 Epidemiology of celiac disease.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118727089

1118727088

9781118727072

111872707X

9781118727096

1118727096

OCLC:

866441450