Evolutionary ecology of marine invertebrate larvae / edited by Tyler J. Carrier, Adam M. Reitzel, Andreas Heyland.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Carrier, Tyler, editor.

Reitzel, Adam, editor.

Heyland, Andreas, editor.

UPSO (University Press Scholarship Online)

Rudolph G. Schmieder Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Marine invertebrates--Larvae--Ecology.

Marine invertebrates.

Marine invertebrates--Larvae.

Ecology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xix, 328 pages): illustrations

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2018.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

More than seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean which is home to a staggering and sometimes overwhelming diversity of organisms, the majority of which reside in pelagic form. Marine invertebrate larvae are an integral component of this pelagic diversity and have stimulated the curiosity of researchers for centuries. This accessible, upper-level text provides an important and timely update on the topic of larval evolution and ecology, representing the first major synthesis of this interdisciplinary field for more than 20 years. The content is structured around four major areas: evolutionary origins and transitions in developmental mode; functional morphology and ecology of larval forms; larval transport, settlement, and metamorphosis; larval ecology in extreme and changing environments. This novel synthesis integrates traditional larval ecology with life history theory, evolutionary developmental biology, and modern genomics research to provide a research and teaching tool for decades to come. Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae is suitable for graduate students as well as professional researchers in larval ecology, marine invertebrate biology, developmental biology, and oceanography. It will also be of relevance and use to a broader audience of integrative, mechanistic, and evolutionary biologists. Book jacket.

Contents:

Section 1 Evolutionary Origins and Transitions in Developmental Mode 1

1 Origin and Diversity of Marine Larvae / Claus Nielsen Nielsen, Claus 3

1.1 Introduction-Defining a Larva 3

1.2 Origin of Larvae 6

1.3 Variation in Larval Types 7

1.4 An Overview of the Diversity of Marine Larvae 8

1.4.1 Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa) 9

1.4.2 Ecdysozoa 10

1.4.3 Ambulacraria 10

1.4.4 Chordata 13

1.5 Summary 13

References 13

2 Evolutionary Development of Marine Larvae / Heather Marlow Marlow, Heather 16

2.1 Introduction 16

2.2 Homologous Larval Features 17

2.3 History of the Debate for Ancestrality of Larval and Adult Forms 18

2.4 Molecular Approaches to Comparing Larval Features 18

2.5 Distinguishing Larval Features and Adult Features: Body Plan and Innovations in Gene Regulation 20

2.6 Comparison of Cell Types 22

2.7 Comparison of Global Transcriptional Signals-Assessing Homology of Ontogenetic Process 23

2.8 Developmental Networks and the Modularity of Gene Expression: Integrating Global and Cell-Type Specific Transcriptional Programs 24

2.9 A Case Study in Heterochrony: Modularity Gives Rise to Heterochronic Shifts in Feeding Structures 26

2.10 Pelago-benthic Metamorphosis is an Ancestral Metazoan Feature 27

2.11 Summary 29

References 29

3 Evolutionary Ecology of Parental Investment and Larval Diversity / Dustin Marshall Marshall, Dustin, Justin S. McAlister McAlister, Justin S., Adam M. Reitzel Reitzel, Adam M. 34

3.1 Introduction 34

3.2 The Biogeography of Parental Investment in the Sea 35

3.3 Theory of Parental Investment in Marine Organisms 36

3.4 Parental Investment Egg Size, and the Size-Number Trade-Off 37

3.4.1 Does Offspring Size Reflect Energy Content? 38

3.4.2 Does Energy Content or Size Reflect Total Per-Offspring Investment? 39

3.4.3 Does Energy Content Reflect the Proximal Constraints on Maternal Investment? 39

3.5 Offspring Size-Fitness Functions 39

3.5.1 Offspring Size and Fertilization Success 40

3.5.2 Offspring Size and the Planktonic Period 40

3.5.3 Offspring Size Effects on Post-metamorphic Performance 41

3.6 Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Parental Investment 43

3.6.1 Ecological Importance of Offspring Size 43

3.6.2 Drivers of Among-Environment Variation in Offspring Size 43

3.6.3 Environmental Dependent Variation in Offspring Quality Other than Size 44

3.6.4 Within-Brood Variation 45

3.7 Future Directions 45

3.8 Summary 46

Acknowledgments 47

References 47

4 Evolutionary Transitions in Mode of Development / Rachel Collin Collin, Rachel, Amy Moran Moran, Amy 50

4.1 Introduction 50

4.2 The Analytical Approach 51

4.3 Limitations of the Long View 54

4.4 Future Directions and Unanswered Questions for Analytical Approaches 56

4.5 A Closer View 58

4.6 Summary 62

Acknowledgments 63

References 63

5 Asexual Reproduction of Marine Invertebrate Embryos and Larvae / Jonathan D. Allen Allen, Jonathan D., Adam M. Reitzel Reitzel, Adam M., William Jaeckle Jaeckle, William 67

5.1 Introduction 67

5.2 Types of Asexual Reproduction of and by Embryos and Larvae 68

5.2.1 Embryo 68

5.2.2 Larva 68

5.3 Asexual Reproduction by Feeding Larvae of Echinoderms 69

5.3.1 Class-level Distribution of Larval Cloning in Echinoderms 69

5.4 Modes of Asexual Reproduction in Echinoderms 69

5.4.1 Asexual Reproduction by Budding 69

5.4.2 Asexual Reproduction by Paratomy 70

5.4.3 Asexual Reproduction by Autotomy 71

5.5 Induction of Asexual Reproduction 72

5.5.1 Abiotic 72

5.5.2 Biotic 73

5.6 Other Taxa 74

5.7 Is Larval Cloning Adaptive? 74

5.8 Open Questions for Future Research 76

5.9 Summary 78

Acknowledgment 78

References 78

6 Section 1 Summary-Evolutionary Origins and Transitions in Developmental Mode 82

Section 2 Functional Morphology and Ecology of Larval Forms 85

7 Larval Feeding: Mechanisms, Rates, and Performance in Nature / Bruno Pernet Pernet, Bruno 87

7.1 Introduction 87

7.2 How Do Marine Invertebrate Larvae Feed? 88

7.2.1 The Limited Palette of Physical Processes of Particle Encounter and Capture 88

7.2.2 The Diverse Array of Larval Forms and Feeding Mechanisms 89

7.3 Predicting Larval Feeding Performance from Form and Feeding Mechanism 94

7.3.1 Predicting Maximum Clearance Rate 95

7.3.2 Predicting the Size Spectrum of Catchable Particles 96

7.4 Inferences on Larval Feeding Performance in Nature 98

7.5 Summary 99

Acknowledgments 99

References 99

8 Phenotypic Plasticity of Feeding Structures in Marine Invertebrate Larvae / Justin S. McAlister McAlister, Justin S., Benjamin G. Miner Miner, Benjamin G. 103

8.1 Phenotypic Plasticity 103

8.2 Feeding Larvae of Marine Invertebrates 105

8.3 Plasticity of Feeding Structures in Planktotrophie Larvae 106

8.3.1 Food Limitation, Resource Acquisition, and Energetic Trade-offs 106

8.3.2 Patterns of Expression and Environmental Cues 111

8.3.3 Developmental Mechanisms of Feeding-Structure Plasticity 114

8.3.4 Experimental Designs and Analyses 116

8.4 Summary 118

Acknowledgments 119

References 119

9 Physiology of Larval Feeding / William Jaeckle Jaeckle, William 124

9.1 Introduction 124

9.2 Physiology of Invertebrate Larvae: The Challenge 124

9.3 Acquisition of Materials 125

9.4 Material Movement 126

9.5 Ventilation of the Digestive System 127

9.6 Digestion and Absorption 129

9.7 Extraction Efficiency 130

9.8 Internal Transport Systems 131

9.9 Alternative Sources of Organic Materials-Dissolved Organic Materials 133

9.10 An Example of Physiological Responses to Environmental Change-Ocean Acidification 135

9.11 Summary 136

Acknowledgments 136

References 136

10 Section 2 Summary-Functional Morphology and Ecology of Larval Forms 142

Section 3 Larval Transport, Settlement, and Metamorphosis 143

11 Larval Transport in the Coastal Zone: Biological and Physical Processes / Jesús Pineda Pineda, Jesús, Nathalie Reyns Reyns, Nathalie 145

11.1 Introduction 145

11.2 Scales of Larval Transport 146

11.3 Components of Larval Transport and Other Relevant Phenomena 147

11.3.1 Larval Behavior 147

11.3.2 Physical Transport Mechanisms and Hydrodynamic Variability 148

11.4 Advective Physical Mechanisms in the Coastal Ocean Associated with Larval Transport 149

11.5 Other First-order Phenomena and Processes Relevant to Larval Transport 151

11.5.1 Swimming Proficiency and Size 151

11.5.2 Larval Duration 151

11.5.3 Accumulation 151

11.5.4 Patchiness and Episodic Transport 153

11.5.5 Spatial Variability in Larval Abundance 153

11.6 Challenges and Recent Approaches to Understanding and Measuring Larval Transport 153

11.6.1 Challenges 153

11.6.2 Recent Approaches 155

11.7 Conclusion and Next Steps 158

11.8 Summary 158

Acknowledgments 159

References 159

12 Genetic Analysis of Larval Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Connectivity / Peter B. Marko Marko, Peter B., Michael W. Hart Hart, Michael W. 164

12.1 Introduction 164

1.2.2 Genetic Approaches to the Study of Larval Dispersal 165

12.3 How to Estimate Larval Dispersal from Genetics 166

12.3.1 Population-Based Methods 166

12.3.2 Individual-Based Methods 170

12.4 Improved Understanding of Larval Dispersal and Gene Flow 173

12.4.1 Biological Correlates of Larval Dispersal: Planktonic Larval Duration 173

12.4.2 Estimates of Dispersal Distances 176

12.5 Consequences of Larval Dispersal: Genetic Connectivity vs. Demographic Connectivity 180

12.6 Conclusion 182

12.7 Summary 182

Acknowledgments 183

References 183

13 I Feel That! Fluid Dynamics and Sensory Aspects of Larval Settlement Across Scales / Jason Hodin Hodin, Jason, Matthew C. Ferner Ferner, Matthew C., Andreas Heyland Heyland, Andreas, Brian Gaylord Gaylord, Brian 190

13.1 Introduction 190

13.2 What Does It Feel Like to be a Larva? 191

13.2.1 What Can a Larva Sense in Its Fluid Environment and How Does It Do So? 194

13.3 How Larvae Find Their Way Home: Scales of Flow and Larval Behavior 199

13.3.1 The Macro Scale: ̃1-100 Kilometers 200

13.3.2 The Meso Scale: <0.1-1 Kilometers 201

13.3.3 The Local Scale: 10s of Centimeters-10s of Meters 202

13.3.4 The Larval Scale: <1 Millimeter-a Few Centimeters 202

13.4 Conclusion 203

13.5 Summary 204

Acknowledgments 204

References 204

14 Latent Effects: Surprising Consequences of Embryonic and Larval Experience on Life after Metamorphosis / Jan A. Pechenik Pechenik, Jan A. 208

14.1 Introduction and Definitions 208

14.2 Latent Effects of Exposure to Toxicants 210

14.3 Latent Effects Following Hypoxia 211

14.4 Latent Effects from Food and Nutrient Limitation 212

14.5 Latent Impact of Salinity Stress 213

14.6 Latent Effects of Delayed Metamorphosis 214

14.7 Latent Effects of Ocean Acidification 215

14.8 Latent Impact of Thermal Stress 215

14.9 Caution in Interpreting Latent Effects 216

14.10 Consequences of Larval Stress are Not Always Negative 216

14.11 Mechanisms Accounting for Latent Effects 217

14.12 Impact and Implications 219

14.13 Summary 220

Acknowledgments 221

References 221

15 Section 3 Summary-Larval Transport, Settlement, and Metamorphosis 226

Section 4 Larval Ecology at the Extremes 227

16 Ecology and Evolution of Larval Dispersal in the Deep Sea / Craig M. Young Young, Craig M., Shawn M. Arellano Arellano, Shawn M., Jean-François Hamel Hamel, Jean-François, Annie Mercier Mercier, Annie 229

16.1 Introduction 229

16.2 Why Deep-Sea Dispersal Matters 229

16.3 Is Dispersal Advantageous to Deep-Sea Species? 230

16.4 How Common is Brooding in the Deep Sea? 232

16.5 Do Deep-Sea Larvae Demonstrate Distinctive Developmental Strategies that Either Enhance or Reduce Dispersal Distance? 233

16.5.1 Increasing Dispersal Through Parental Investment 233

16.5.2 Increasing Dispersal Through Arrested Development 234

16.5.3 Controlling Dispersal Depth with Egg Density 234

16.5.4 Increasing Dispersal through Slow Development and Long Planktonic Larval Durations 235

16.5.5 Does Release horn Predation Permit Long Dispersal Times in the Deep Sea? 237

16.6 Ontogenetic Vertical Migration and Its Evolutionary Significance 238

16.6.1 Ontogenetic Vertical Migration May Be a Phylogenetically Constrained Character 240

16.6.2 Planktotrophic Larvae of Deep-Sea Animals May Require Migration to Reach Productive Surface Waters 240

16.6.3 Ontogenetic Vertical Migrations Impact Biogeography by Mediating Transport or Retention of Larvae 242

16.6.4 Demersal Drift May Either Retain Larvae or Increase Encounter Rates for Isolated Substrata 243

16.7 Summary 244

References 245

17 Larval Ecology in the Face of Changing Climate-Impacts of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification / Maria Byrne Byrne, Maria, Pauline M. Ross Ross, Pauline M., Symon A. Dworjanyn Dworjanyn, Symon A., Laura Parker Parker, Laura 251

17.1 Introduction 251

17.2 Global Warming-Larvae on the Move 253

17.3 Ocean Acidification-Multiple Drivers 256

17.4 Multistressor Effects-Interactive Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Larvae 262

17.5 Adaptation and Acclimation of Marine Larval Stages in a Changing Climate 263

17.6 Conclusion 264

17.7 Summary 265

Acknowledgments 265

References 265

18 Ecotoxicology in Marine Environments: The Protective Role of ABC Transporters in Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae / Ilaria Corsi Corsi, Ilaria, Luis Fernando Marques-Santos Marques-Santos, Luis Fernando 273

18.1 Introduction 273

18.2 Sea Urchin Development 274

18.3 ABC Transporters: Brief History and General Overview 277

18.4 ABC Transporters in Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae 279

18.5 ABC Transporters, Echinoderms, and Ecotoxicology 281

18.6 ABC Transporters and Bioassays 283

18.7 Current Knowledge and Future Gaps 284

18.8 Summary 285

References 285

19 An -Omics Perspective on Marine Invertebrate Larvae / Elizabeth A. Williams Williams, Elizabeth A., Tyler J. Carrier Carrier, Tyler J. 288

19.1 Introduction 288

19.2 Role of -Omics Approaches in Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Larval Development and Life History Evolution 291

19.3 -Omics Approaches for Measuring Larval Response to Environmental Change and Challenges 293

19.4 Marine Invertebrate Larvae and Their Microbiome 294

19.5 -Omics Approaches to Further Understanding of Larval Physiology: Growth, Feeding, and Nutrition 296

19.6 Connectomics: An -Omics Approach to Shed Light on Larval Behavior 297

19.7 A Future Perspective 299

19.8 Summary 300

Acknowledgments 301

References 301

20 Section 4 Summary-Larval Ecology at the Extremes 305

21 Marine Invertebrate Larvae: Model Life Histories for Development, Ecology, and Evolution / Alan C. Love Love, Alan C., Richard R. Strathmann Strathmann, Richard R. 306

21.1 Introduction 306

21.2 Model Life Histories 307

21.3 Evolution: Diversity, Origins, and Adaptation 310

21.4 Ecology: Dispersal, Feeding, and Metamorphosis 313

21.5 Emerging Issues: Environmental Hazards and Extreme Environments 316

21.6 Summary 318

Acknowledgments 318

References 319.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Oxford Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on print version record.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rudolph G. Schmieder Fund.

ISBN:

9780191829086

0191829080

Publisher Number:

99975324559

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.