Medical biochemistry / Gustavo Blanco, Antonio Blanco.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Blanco, Gustavo, M.D., author.

Blanco, Antonio, M.D., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Clinical biochemistry.

Biochemistry.

Medical Subjects:

Biochemistry.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (826 pages)

Place of Publication:

London, United Kingdom : Academic Press, 2017.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

The incredible advances in biological science demand that the basic preparation of students in related areas accompany this extraordinary development of knowledge. Biochemistry is one of the disciplines that has greatly contributed to these advances. For this reason, the training of professionals in fields related to Biology and, in particular to the Health Sciences, cannot ignore the basic concepts or the recent contributions of research in this area. The new English language edition of Medical Biochemistry presents an updated view of the subject. Like the previous version of the acclaimed textbook, this one is directed primarily at undergraduate or graduate students, seeking to provide elements to cope with the chemical processes that take place in the human body, healthy and sick. We hope that the text will serve as a stimulus so that the future professional, using serious and updated information and guided by the principles of the scientific method, can become an active agent in the production of new knowledge. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Chemical Composition of Living Beings

Biogenic Elements 1

Biological Compounds 2

Summary 3

Bibliography 3

2 Water

The Water Molecule is Polar 5

Hydrogen Bond 5

Water as Solvent 7

Water as an Electrolyte 8

Equilibrium Constant 9

Equilibrium of Water lionization 10

Acids and Bases 11

Acids and Bases Strength 12

pH 12

Buffers 13

Titration Curve of Acids and Bases 15

Appendix 16

Summary 18

Bibliography 19

3 Proteins

Proteins are Macromolecules Formed by Amino Acids 21

Amino Acids 22

Peptides 30

Proteins 33

Collagen 47

Ketatins 49

Hemoglobin 49

Heme 50

Globin 51

Hemoglobin Derivatives 56

Abnormal Hemoglobins 56

Blood Plasma Proteins 58

Main Proteins in Blood Plasma 60

Muscle Proteins 64

Muscle Contraction 67

Summary 69

Bibliography 71

4 Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides 73

Disaccharides 83

Polysaccharides 84

Summary 95

Bibliography 97

5 Lipids

Classification 99

Fatty Acids 99

Exxential Fatty Acids 104

Simple Lipids 104

Complex Lipids 108

Substances Associated with Lipids 114

Summary 117

Bibliography 119

6 Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides 121

Nucleic Acids 123

Virus 136

Free Nucleotides 137

Summary 139

Bibliography 140

7 Elements of Thermodynamics and Biochemical Kinetics

Thermodynamics 141

Chemical Kinetics 148

Summary 151

Bibliography 152

8 Enzymes

Enzymes are Biological Catalysts 153

Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes 153

Chemical Nature of Enzymes 156

Metalloenzymes 157

Enzymatic Catalysis 157

Acitive Site 158

Zymogens 160

Genetic Alterations the Affect Enzyme Function 160

Enzyme Distribution Within the Cell 160

Multienzyme Systems 161

Determination of Enzyme Activity 161

Factors that Modify Enzyme Activity 161

Enzyme Inhibitors 165

Regularion of Enzyme Activity 168

Constitutive and Inducible Enzymes 170

Enzymatic Processes in Cascade 171

Isozymes 172

Determination of Enzymes in the Clinical Laboratory 173

Summary 174

Bibliography 175

9 Biological Oxidations: Bioenergetics

The Energy-Rich Intermediate ATP 177

Oxidation-Reduction 178

Biological Oxidations 181

Respiratory Chain 184

Oxidative Phosphorylation 190

Phosphorylation at Substrate Level 201

Other Electron Transport Systems 202

Summary 202

Bibliography 203

10 Antioxidants

Reactive Species 205

Summary 213

Bibliography 213

11 Membranes

Structure 215

Transport Across Membranes 224

Passive Transport or Facilitated Diffusion 226

Active Transport 233

Summary 249

Bibliography 250

12 Digestion-Absorption

Saliva 251

Gastric Juice 254

Pancreatic Juice 258

Intestinal Mucosa 260

Bile 261

Summary of the Digestive Process 264

Absorption 267

Summary 272

Bibliography 273

13 Metabolism

Metabolic Pathways 275

Metabolic Studies 277

REgulation of Metabolism 279

Summary 281

Bibliography 281

14 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glucose Uptake Into Cells 284

Glucose Phosphorylation 285

Metabolic Pathways for Glucose 287

Metabolism of Other Hexoses 311

Biosynthesis of the Oligosaccharides of Glycoproteins 316

Summary 320

Bibliography 323

15 Lipid Metabolism

Blood Lipids 326

Plasma Lipoproteins 326

Tissue Lipids 334

Fat Metabolism 334

Fatty Acid Catabolism 335

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 343

Eicosanoid Biosynthesis 349

Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis 353

Biosynthesis of Phospholipids 354

Congenital Disorders of Complex Lipid Catabolism 356

Cholesterol Metabolism 358

Cholesterol Biosynthesis 358

Summary 363

Bibliography 365

16 Amino Acid Metabolism

Exxential Amino Acids 370

Amino Acid Catabolism 373

Metabolic Pathways of Ammonia 376

Other General Mechanisms of Amino Acid Metabolism 384

Metabolic Pathways of Amino Acids 387

Summary 397

Bibliography 399

17 Heme Metabolism

Heme Biosynthesis 401

Catabolism of Heme 405

Summary 411

Bibliography 412

18 Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Purine Biosynthesis 413

Purine Salvage Pathway 416

Purine Catabolism 416

Uric Acid 418

Gout 418

Pyrimidine Biosynthesis 419

Pyrimidine Catabolism 421

Di- and Triphosphate Nucleoside Biosynthesis 421

Deoxyribonucleotide Biosynthesis 422

Pharmacological Applications 422

Summary 423

Bibliography 423

19 Integration and Regulation of Metabolism

Metabolic Integration 425

Metabolic Regulation 427

Summary 444

Bibliography 445

20 Metabolism in Some Tissues

Liver Metabolism 447

Skeletal Muscle Metabolism 455

Heart Metabolism 459

Adipose Tissue Metabolism 460

Nervous Tissue Metabolism 461

Summary 462

Bibliography 463

21 The Genetic Information (I)

DNA Replication 465

Transcription 475

Methods Used in Molecular Biology 481

Summary 491

Bibliography 492

22 The Genetic Information (II)

Protein Biosynthesis 493

Mechanism of Protein Biosynthesis 502

Genetic Mutations 510

Oncogenes 518

Epigeneties 521

Summary 522

Bibliography 523

23 Regulation of Gene Expression

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 525

Structure of Gene Regulatory Proteins 527

Role of Noncoding RNAs 529

Small RNAs 529

RNA Interference 529

Long Noncoding RNA 531

Riboswitches 532

CRISPR 532

Summary 533

Bibliography 533

24 Posttranslational Protein Modifications

Protein Folding 535

Pathologies Caused by Misfolded Proteins 536

Posttranslational Protein Modifications 537

ADP-Ribosylation 538

Ubiquitination 541

Sumoylation 542

Nucleotidylation 542

Summary 545

Bibliography 545

25 Biochemical Basis of Endocrinology (I) Receptors and Signal Transduction

Receptors 548

Signal Transduction Systems 556

Neurotransmitter Receptors 568

Summary 571

Bibliography 572

26 Biochemical Bases of Endocrinology (II) Hormones and Other Chemical Intermediates

Hormones: Chemical Nature 573

Hypothalamic Hormones 576

Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysys) 578

Adrenocorticotropin Hormone 578

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone 580

Gonadotropins 580

Lactogenic Hormone or Prolactin 581

Growth Hormone or Somatotropin 582

Melanocyte Stimulatory Hormone 585

Placenta 585

Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone 585

Placental Lactogen 585

Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) 586

Oxytocin 586

Arginine Vasopressin 587

Thyroid 588

Adrenal Gland 593

Adrenal Cortex Hormones 593

Adrenal Medulla Hormones 601

Pancreas 605

Insulin 605

Glucagon 611

Somatostatin 612

Glucose Homeostasis 613

Diabetes Mellitus 613

Testis Androgens 616

Ovary 620

Ovarian Hormones 620

Ovarian Peptide Hormones 624

Parathyroid Gland 624

Parathyroid Hormone 624

Calcitonin 627

Kidney 628

Renin 628

Erythropoietin 629

Bradykinin 629

Endothelin 630

Urodilatin 630

Calcitriol 630

Heart 630

Gastrointestinal Hormones 631

Gastrin 631

Secretin 631

Cholecystokinin 632

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 632

Enteroglucagon 632

Ghrelin 633

Amylin 633

Galanin 633

Pineal Gland 633

Eicosanoids 634

Growth Factors 636

Nervous System Chemical Intermediaries 637

Summary 640

Bibliography 644

27 Vitamins

Fat-soluble Vitamins 646

Soluble Vitamins 663

Summary 685

Bibliography 687

28 Water and Acid-Base Balance

Water Distribution in the Body 690

Water Balance 691

Ionic Composition of Body Fluids 691

Alterations of the Water Balance 697

H+ Concentration in Body Fluids 699

Regulation of H+ Concentration 700

Carbon Dioxide Transport 702

Regulatory Systems 704

Respiratory Regulation 704

Renal Regulation 705

Regulation of Intracellular pH 707

Acid-Base Balance Disorders 707

H+ Excretion Regulation 710

Laboratory Studies in Acid-Base Disorders 710

Summary 711

Bibliography 713

29 Essential Minerals

Macrominerals 715

Trace Elements 735

Summary 741

Bibliography 743

30 Molecular Basis of Immunity

Immune System 745

Innate System 745

Adaptive System 746

Genetic Diversity of Immunoglobulins 753

Complement 760

Cellular Immunity 764

Cytokines 773

Summary 777

Bibliography 780

31 Hemostasis

Blood Coagulation 781

Summary 788

Bibliography 789

32 Apoptosis

Extrinsic Pathway 793

Intrinsic or Mitochondrial Pathway 793

Summary 795

Bibliography 796.

Notes:

1. Chemical composition of living beings 2. Water 3. Proteins 4. Carbohydrates 5. Lipids 6. Nucleic Acids 7. Elements of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics 8. Enzymes 9. Biological Oxidations: Bioenergetics 10. Antioxidants 11. Membranes 12. Digestion: Absorption 13. Metabolism 14. Metabolism of carbohydrates 15. Metabolism of lipids 16. Metabolism of amino acids 17. Metabolism of heme 18. Metabolism of purines and pirimidines 19. Integration and regulation of metabolism 20. Metabolism in some tissues 21. Genetic Information I: Replication and transcription 22. Genetic Information II: Biosynthesis 23. Regulation of Genetic Expression 24. Post-translational modifications of proteins 25. Biochemical bases of endocrinology (I) 26. Biochemical bases of endocrinology (II) 27. Vitamins 28. Water balance and acid-base equilibrium 29. Essential minerals 30. Molecular bases of immunity 31. Hemostasia 32. Apoptosis

ISBN:

9780128035870

0128035870

OCLC:

985609626

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.