Aerospace navigation systems / edited by Alexander V. Nebylov, Joseph Watson.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Nebylov, A. V. (Aleksandr Vladimirovich), editor.

Watson, Joseph, 1931- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Navigation (Aeronautics).

Aids to air navigation.

Navigation (Astronautics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (394 pages, 2 unnumbered pages of plates) : color illustrations, photographs

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England : Wiley, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Compiled by leading authorities, Aerospace Navigation Systems is a compendium of chapters that present modern aircraft and spacecraft navigation methods based on up-to-date inertial, satellite, map matching and other guidance techniques. Ranging from the practical to the theoretical, this book covers navigational applications over a wide range of aerospace vehicles including aircraft, spacecraft and drones, both remotely controlled and operating as autonomous vehicles. It provides a comprehensive background of fundamental theory, the utilisation of newly-developed techniques, incorporates the most complex and advanced types of technical innovation currently available and presents a vision for future developments. Satellite Navigation Systems (SNS), long range navigation systems, short range navigation systems and navigational displays are introduced, and many other detailed topics include Radio Navigation Systems (RNS), Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), Homing Systems, Map Matching and other correlated-extremalsystems, and both optimal and sub-optimal filtering in integrated navigation systems.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

The Editors

Acknowledgments

Preface

Chapter 1 Inertial Navigation Systems

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Accelerometer Sensing Equation

1.3 Reference Frames

1.3.1 True Inertial Frame

1.3.2 Earth-Centered Inertial Frame or i-Frame

1.3.3 Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Frame or e-Frame

1.3.4 Navigation Frame

1.3.5 Body Frame

1.3.6 Sensor Frames (a-Frame, g-Frame)

1.4 Direction Cosine Matrices and Quaternions

1.5 Attitude Update

1.5.1 Body Frame Update

1.5.2 Navigation Frame Update

1.5.3 Euler Angle Extraction

1.6 Navigation Mechanization

1.7 Position Update

1.8 INS Initialization

1.9 INS Error Characterization

1.9.1 Mounting Errors

1.9.2 Initialization Errors

1.9.3 Sensor Errors

1.9.4 Gravity Model Errors

1.9.5 Computational Errors

1.9.6 Simulation Examples

1.10 Calibration and Compensation

1.11 Production Example

References

Chapter 2 Satellite Navigation Systems

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Preliminary Considerations

2.3 Navigation Problems Using Satellite Systems

2.3.1 The Geometrical Problem

2.3.2 Reference Coordinate Systems

2.3.3 The Classical Mathematical Model

2.4 Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS)

2.4.1 The Global Positioning System

2.4.2 GLONASS

2.4.3 Galileo

2.4.4 BeiDou (Compass)

2.4.5 State and Development of the Japanese QZSS

2.4.6 State and Development of the IRNSS

2.5 GNSS Observables

2.5.1 Carrier-Phase Observables

2.5.2 Doppler Frequency Observables

2.5.3 Single-Difference Observables

2.5.4 Double-Difference Observables

2.5.5 Triple-Difference Observables

2.5.6 Linear Combinations

2.5.7 Integer Ambiguity Resolution

2.6 Sources of Error

2.6.1 Ionosphere Effects

2.6.2 Troposphere Effects

2.6.3 Selective Availability (SA) Effects.

2.6.4 Multipath Effects

2.6.5 Receiver Noise

2.7 GNSS Receivers

2.7.1 Receiver Architecture

2.7.2 Carrier Smoothing

2.7.3 Attitude Estimation

2.7.4 Typical Receivers on the Market

2.8 Augmentation Systems

2.8.1 Differential Techniques

2.8.2 The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Technique

2.8.3 Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems

2.9 Integration of GNSS with Other Sensors

2.9.1 GNSS/INS

2.10 Aerospace Applications

2.10.1 The Problem of Integrity

2.10.2 Air Navigation: En Route, Approach, and Landing

2.10.3 Surveillance and Air Traffic Control (ATC)

2.10.4 Space Vehicle Navigation

Chapter 3 Radio Systems for Long-Range Navigation

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Principles of Operation

3.3 Coverage

3.4 Interference in VLF and LF Radio-Navigation Systems

3.5 Error Budget

3.5.1 Loran-C and CHAYKA Error Budget

3.5.2 ALPHA and OMEGA Error Budget

3.5.3 Position Error

3.6 LF Radio System Modernization

3.6.1 EUROFIX-Regional GNSS Differential Subsystem

3.6.2 Enhanced Loran

3.6.3 Enhanced Differential Loran

3.7 User Equipment

Chapter 4 Radio Systems for Short-Range Navigation

4.1 Overview of Short-Range Navigational Aids

4.2 Nondirectional Radio Beacon and the "Automatic Direction Finder"

4.2.1 Operation and Controls

4.3 VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range

4.3.1 Basic VOR Principles

4.3.2 The Doppler VOR

4.4 DME and TACAN Systems

4.4.1 DME Equipment

4.4.2 Tactical Air Navigation

4.4.3 The VORTAC Station

4.4.4 The Radiotechnical Short-Range Navigation System

4.4.5 Principles of Operation and Construction of the RSBN System

Chapter 5 Radio Technical Landing Systems

5.1 Instrument Landing Systems

5.1.1 The Marker Beacons

5.1.2 Approach Guidance-Ground Installations.

5.1.3 Approach Guidance-Aircraft Equipment

5.1.4 CAT II and III Landing

5.2 Microwave Landing Systems-Current Status

5.2.1 MLS Basic Concepts

5.2.2 MLS Functionality

5.3 Ground-Based Augmentation System

5.3.1 Current Status

5.3.2 Technical Features

5.4 Lighting Systems-Airport Visual Landing Aids and Other Short-Range Optical Navigation Systems

5.4.1 The Visual Approach Slope Indicator

5.4.2 Precision Approach Path Indicator

5.4.3 The Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal

Chapter 6 Correlated-Extremal Systems and Sensors

6.1 Construction Principles

6.1.1 General Information

6.1.2 Mathematical Foundation

6.1.3 Basic CES Elements and Units

6.1.4 Analog and Digital Implementation Methods

6.2 Image Sensors for CES

6.3 Aviation and Space CES

6.3.1 Astro-Orientation CES

6.3.2 Navigational CES

6.3.3 Aviation Guidance via Television Imaging

6.4 Prospects for CES Development

6.4.1 Combined CES

6.4.2 Micro-Miniaturization of CES and the Constituent Components

6.4.3 Prospects for CES Improvement

6.4.4 New Properties and Perspectives in CES

Chapter 7 Homing Devices

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Definition of Homing Devices

7.2.1 Homing Systems for Autonomous and Group Operations

7.2.2 Guidance and Homing Systems

7.2.3 Principles and Classification of Homing Devices

7.3 Homing Device Functioning in Signal Fields

7.3.1 Characteristics of Homing Device Signal Fields

7.3.2 Optoelectronic Sensors for Homing Devices

7.3.3 Radar Homing Devices

7.4 Characteristics of Homing Methods

7.4.1 Aerospace Vehicle Homing Methods

7.4.2 Homing Device Dynamic Errors

7.5 Homing Device Efficiency

7.5.1 Homing Device Accuracy

7.5.2 Homing Device Dead Zones

7.6 Radio Proximity Fuze.

7.7 Homing Device Functioning Under Jamming Conditions

7.8 Intelligent Homing Devices

Chapter 8 Optimal and Suboptimal Filtering in Integrated Navigation Systems

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Filtering Problems: Main Approaches and Algorithms

8.2.1 The Least Squares Method

8.2.2 The Wiener Approach

8.2.3 The Kalman Approach

8.2.4 Comparison of Kalman and Wiener Approaches

8.2.5 Beyond the Kalman Filter

8.3 Filtering Problems for Integrated Navigation Systems

8.3.1 Filtering Problems Encountered in the Processing of Data from Systems Directly Measuring the Parameters to be Estimated

8.3.2 Filtering Problems in Aiding a Navigation System (Linearized Case)

8.3.3 Filtering Problems in Aiding a Navigation System (Nonlinear Case)

8.4 Filtering Algorithms for Processing Data from Inertial and Satellite Systems

8.4.1 Inertial System Error Models

8.4.2 The Filtering Problem in Loosely Coupled INS/SNS

8.4.3 The Filtering Problem in Tightly Coupled INS/SNS

8.4.4 Example of Filtering Algorithms for an Integrated INS/SNS

8.5 Filtering and Smoothing Problems Based on the Combined Use of Kalman and Wiener Approaches for Aviation Gravimetry

8.5.1 Statement of the Optimal Filtering and Smoothing Problems in the Processing of Gravimeter and Satellite Measurements

8.5.2 Problem Statement and Solution within the Kalman Approach

8.5.3 Solution Using the Method of PSD Local Approximations

Acknowledgment

Chapter 9 Navigational Displays

9.1 Introduction to Modern Aerospace Navigational Displays

9.1.1 The Human Interface for Display Control-Buttonology

9.1.2 Rapidly Configurable Displays for Glass Cockpit Customization Purposes

9.2 A Global Positioning System Receiver and Map Display

9.2.1 Databases

9.2.2 Fully Integrated Flight Control.

9.2.3 Advanced AHRS Architecture

9.2.4 Weather and Digital Audio Functions

9.2.5 Traffic Information Service

9.3 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) System Displays

9.4 Collision Avoidance and Ground Warning Displays

9.4.1 Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS): Classes A and B

Appendix: Terminology and Review of Some US Federal Aviation Regulations

Chapter 10 Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle Navigation

10.1 The Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle

10.2 Small-Sized UAVs

10.3 The UAV as a Controlled Object

10.4 UAV Navigation

10.4.1 Methods of Controlling Flight Along Intended Tracks

10.4.2 Basic Equations for UAV Inertial Navigation

10.4.3 Algorithms for Four-Dimensional (Terminal) Navigation

10.5 Examples of Construction and Technical Characteristics of the Onboard Avionic Control Equipment

10.6 Small-Sized Unmanned WIG and Amphibious UAVs

10.6.1 Emerging Trends in the Development of Unmanned WIG UAVs and USVs, and Amphibious UAVs

10.6.2 Radio Altimeter and Inertial Sensor Integration

10.6.3 Development of Control Systems for Unmanned WIG Aircraft and Amphibious UAVs

10.6.4 The Design of High-precision Instruments and Sensor Integration for the Measurement of Low Altitudes

Index

Supplemental Images

EULA.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119163046

1119163048

9781119163060

1119163064

9781119163039

111916303X

OCLC:

933211562