The handbook of drugs and society / edited by Henry H. Brownstein.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Brownstein, Henry H.

Series:

Wiley handbooks in criminology and criminal justice.

Wiley Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drug abuse.

Drug control.

Drug legalization.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (636 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England : Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

Summary:

This handbook provides a comprehensive examination of the past and present roles of drugs in society with a focus on theory, research, policy, and practice. * Includes 28 original chapters with multi-disciplinary and international perspectives by top social and behavioral scientists * Reviews current knowledge in the field, including key research findings, theoretical developments, and methodological debates * Identifies ongoing controversies in the field, emergent topics, and areas in need of further inquiry * Discusses individual drugs as well as topics like physiological theories of drug use and abuse, public health implications of drugs, patterns of drugs and crime, international drug trade and trafficking, and designer drugs

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgements

Part I: Understanding Drugs in Society

1 Drugs and Society

Introduction

Explaining and Understanding Drugs and Society

Drugs as a Normal Part of Society

References

Part II: The Use and Marketing of Particular Drugs in Society

2 Alcohol

Drinking Patterns and Use-Values of Alcohol

Alcohol-Related Problems

Societal Response: Interactive Reactions, Popular Movements, Regulations and Institutional Policies

Challenges

3 Global Marijuana Cultivation and Societal Place Because and In Spite of US Policy and Perception

Marijuana in the United States - Pre-1937

Marijuana around the World before and after Criminalization

Marijuana in the United States 1937-1970 - an age of enforcement

Marijuana and US Crime Control - Age of the DEA

Push for US Legalization, Decriminalization, and Compassionate Use - 1996-2013

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgment

Further Reading

4 Heroin and Other Opiates

History

Production

Distribution

Problematic use/epidemiology of addiction

Opiates and social life

Benefits

Adverse consequences

Summary and Policy Implications

5 Cocaine Powder and Crack Cocaine

Overview

Use and Effects

Coca to Cocaine

Cocaine's Discovery and Development as a Legal Medicinal Commodity (1850-1900)

Cocaine's Restrictions and Global Spread and Decline, 1910-45

Global Prohibitions and Illicit Cocaine (1945-75)

The Age (and War) on Cocaine: 1980-2005

The Crack "Epidemic"

Cocaine's Historical Present, 2005-

6 Methamphetamine

A Brief History

A Global Issue

Physiological Effects

Social Effects.

Making Methamphetamine

Conclusion

7 Prescription Drugs

Epidemiology and Trends of Prescription Drug Misuse

Differences in Prescription Drug Misuse

Types of Prescription Drugs of Misuse

Difficulties Managing Prescription Drug Misuse Problem

Potential Harms and Risks

High-Risk Groups

Prevention and Treatment

8 Designer Drugs

Designer Drugs

Examples of Designer Drugs

Designer Drug Use

Controlling Designer Drugs

Further reading

Part III: Explaining the Place of Drugs in Society

9 Drug Use as a Socially Constructed Problem

Drug Use: Constructionist Perspective

Major Laws Affecting the Perception of Drug Use

Sociological and Psychological Framing of Drug Use and Drug Users

Institutional Government Agencies Framing of Drug Use and Drug Users

Casualties of Drug War Ideology, Prohibitionist Legal Philosophy, and Othering Drug Users

Othering Drug Users and Prohibitionist Philosophy

Summary and Conclusions

10 Social Scientific Theories of Drug Use, Abuse, and Addiction

Addiction

Why People Use Drugs

Criteria for Evaluating Theories

Social Theories

11 The Intersection between Neurobiological and Psychological Theories of Substance Use Disorders

The Neurobiology of Reward

Reward Dysfunction in Substance Use Disorders

Integrating neurobiological and psychological theories of substance abuse

Conclusions

Part IV: Studying Drugs in Society

12 Ethnographic Studies of Drugs in Communities

Brief History of Criminalization and Medicalization of Drug Use in the United States

Early Ethnographies of Drug Use

Ethnographic Studies of Drugs in Communities.

Injection Drug Use and the AIDS Epidemic

Evidence-based Interventions

Women and Drug Use

Ethnographies of Drug Sellers

Race, Ethnicity, and Drug Use

Discussion/Future Directions for Ethnographic Studies of Drugs in Communities

13 Measurement and Design Challenges in the Study of Drugs and Society

Assessing the Quality and Utility of Drug Data Systems

Developments and Challenges in Drug Problem Measurement

Monitoring and Assessing Drug Policy Outcomes

Design Considerations for Drug Policy Decision-Making

Part V: What We Know and Do Not Know about Drugs and Public Health and Safety

14 What Has Been Learned from Research on the Drugs-Crime Connection?

Relationships Between Drug Use and Crime

Relationships Between Specific Drug Use and Specific Crimes

Variations by Individual Characteristics

Evidence of a Causal Connection

Discussion and Conclusion

15 The Impact of Illicit Drugs on Public Health

The Prevalence of Drug Use and Dependence

The Natural History and Risk Factors for Use and Dependence

Risk Factors for Illicit Drug Use and Dependence

Health Consequences of Illicit Drug Use

Burden of Disease Attributable to Illicit Drug Use

Harms of Illicit Drug Use Not Captured in Burden of Disease Estimates

Discussion

What Don't We Know About Illicit Drug Use and Harm?

16 Research on Drugs and Social Characteristics

African Americans

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Hispanics

American Indians and Alaska Natives

Future and Emerging Research

17 Public Safety and Public Health in a Geographic and Economic Context

Background: Defining Geographic Context

Health, Place and Drugs.

Social Science and the Nineteenth-Century City

From London to Chicago

The 1950s and the Junkie Myth

Drug Use Contexts and Subcultural Approaches

Crack Cocaine and Social Science Research

From Subculture to Social Structure

Bringing Place Back in

Economic Approaches to Drug Addiction

Economics and Geography of Drug Markets

Conclusion: Back to the Future

Part VI: Drugs and Adverse Social Experience

18 Drugs and Violent Crime

The Meaning and Measure of Violent Crime

Drugs and Violent Crime: History and Culture

The Relationship Between Drugs and Violent Crime

Research on the Drugs-Violent Crime Relationship

What We Know and Do Not Know

19 Drugs and Violence in Personal and Intimate Relationships

Substance Use and Parent-Child Relationships

Child Maltreatment

Substance Use Problems and Peer Relationships

20 Markets and Distribution Systems

Studying Drug Markets

Varieties of Markets

Crack/Dealing-House Markets

Open Surface Web and Closed Deep Web Markets

From Head Shops to the Internet: The Emergence of an Online Marketplace for NPS

There's Something about Mephedrone

Legislative Change and Market Adaptation

From "Open" Legal to "Closed" Illegal Virtual Markets: The Birth of "Cryptomarkets"

The Impact of Enforcement on Availability, Purity, and Price

Part VII: Drugs as an Illicit Enterprise

21 The Criminalization of (Some) Drug-Involved People

Drug Use is a Health Issue Not a Criminal Justice Issue

The Global War on Drugs Has Failed

The Contribution of Criminal Justice Agencies in Responding to Drugs Use Leads to an Increase Rather than a Decrease in Harm

Criminalizing Certain Drugs Increases Their Value.

Criminalizing Certain Drug Users Increases Their Marginalization and Stigmatization

Criminalizing Drug Users Makes Delivering Treatment that Much Harder

Criminalizing Drugs and Drug Users Leads to an Increase in Violence

The Drug Laws and Drugs Enforcement Do Not Work

Drug Use is a Human Right

22 The Culture and Subcultures of Illicit Drug Use and Distribution

The Culture of Drug Use: Primitive and Respectable Societies

The Development of Subculture and its Incorporation within the Sociology of Deviancy

Subcultures Move to the United Kingdom: From Deviancy to Resistance

The Shift from Subculture to Normalization

New Directions in Thinking about Culture and Subcultures: Linking Consumption to Supply

Conclusion: The Missing Subcultures

23 Displacement Effects of Supply-Reduction Policies in Latin America

Four Effects of Supply Reduction on Illegal Drug Trafficking in Latin America

A Tipping Point in Cocaine Supply Reduction: Effects in Latin America

Supply Reduction and Dynamics of Cocaine Trafficking in Latin America: Costs and Consequences

Part VIII: Responding to the Problem and Problems of Drugs in Society

24 Drug Law Enforcement

Some Current Issues in Drug Law Enforcement

Types of Drug Use Today

25 Drug Abuse Prevention through Early Childhood Intervention

Child Development

Risk and Protective Factors

Interventions

26 Dealing with Drug Users

What is Drug Treatment?

The Process

Assessment

Types of Treatment

Drug Treatment and the Criminal Justice System

International Drug Treatment Efforts.

International Drug Treatment and the Criminal Justice System.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781786844163

1786844168

9781118726761

1118726766

9781118726662

1118726669

9781118726686

1118726685

OCLC:

948791437