Trisomy 21 : what we can learn from people with Down syndrome : 2,000 people and their neuropsychological findings / André Frank Zimpel ; with contributions from Kim Lena Hurtig-Bohn [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Zimpel, André Frank, author.

Hurtig-Bohn, Kim Lena, author.

Contributor:

James Hosmer Penniman Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Down syndrome--Patients--Education.

Down syndrome.

Abstraction.

Down syndrome--Patients.

Education.

Physical Description:

212 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, [2016]

Summary:

For a long time, it was assumed that a genetic disposition such as trisomy 21 enables predictions to be made about overall personality development. But who could have ever imagined that people with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) would also be capable of earning a university degree? We have examined 1,294 people with trisomy 21. The results showed that people with trisomy 21 benefit more from abstract learning than their neurotypical counterparts and two-year-olds with the syndrome learn first to read and only then to speak - and they understand algebra better than arithmetic. Ignorance of neurodiversity inevitably leads to learning difficulties when learning at the same pace as others. This applies to autism and trisomy 21 to the same extent. That's why this book advocates the recognition of trisomy of 21 as a variant in the spectrum of human neurodiversity. Book jacket.

Contents:

I Genes and society

A silent cognitive revolution 11

Well meant 12

Mentally disabled, even before birth? 13

Three times 21 14

Has our society decided? 15

Down's Heritage 17

47 chromosomes rather than 46 18

Mutations 19

Eugenics, compulsory sterilization and euthanasia 20

Fear of low IQ 22

Genetics and epigenetics 23

A picture is worth a thousand words 24

Summary 26

II The brain and intelligence

Head size and intelligence tests 27

IQ as gatekeeper 29

Why being different is normal 30

Am I stupid? 32

Genes for brain growth or stress in early childhood? 33

Brain growth and evolution 35

Birdbrained geniuses 36

The human brain is a social tool 37

The brain as a learning tool 39

Accelerating thinking through abstraction 40

Mouse memory 41

The seat of learning 43

Memory is distributed across the brain 45

Summary 46

III Neurotransmitters and neuroenhancement

Enzymes: catalysts in the brain 48

Acetylcholine and the fear of Alzheimer's 50

Donepezil: doping for the brain 52

How the brain neutralizes medication 54

Dopamine: addictive stimulation 55

Glutamate: more than just a matter of taste 57

Memantine: hope for a learning pill 58

GABA: inhibit inhibition 60

Basmisanil: release the brakes in the brain 61

Brain doping: cleverer by prescription? 62

Neuroenhancement or essential drug? 64

Summary 65

IV Neurodiversity and attention

Serotonin, an endogenous antidepressant 66

Oxytocin: cuddling depression away 68

Norepinephrine: rock 'n' roll in the brain 69

Humans are different and mice too 71

Neurodiversity instead of neurodegeneration 72

Removing the fear of aging 74

Studying at university with trisomy 21? 75

Learning from rabbis and nuns 76

Segregation already begins with speech 78

Empathy for neurodiversity 79

Motor learning and the 21st chromosome 81

Acetylcholine in the striate body 83

Emotion and the 21st chromosome 84

Short-term memory and the 21st chromosome 86

Learning in sleep 88

At the focal point of the stream of thoughts 90

The bifurcation diagram: calculation and hypothesis 92

Summary 95

V Attention and memory

Navon figures 96

The overall shape and details 99

Dice-pip and interference images 102

Abstraction means "draw away from ..." 106

The scope of attention 109

The magical number four 110

Measuring the scope of attention 112

Memory and matching pairs 116

Reveal the numbers in sequence 120

Object permanence 122

Observe and remember causalities 123

Abstract thought in the pushchair 126

Mouse and duck theater 127

Supersigns and abstraction 131

Summary 133

VI Imitation and motor learning / Alfred Christoph Röhm Röhm, Alfred Christoph

Juggling in a small attention window 135

Auditory and haptic scope of attention 136

Proprioception - endogenous perception 138

Scope of attention for proprioception 140

Body percussion 141

Successful imitation depends on the number of micromotions 143

Dialogic learning requires creativity 144

Summary 145

VII Speech and thought / Kim Lena Hurtig-Bohn Hurtig-Bohn, Kim Lena

The window to a child's head 147

The prefrontal cortex and private speech 148

The development of private speech in childhood 150

Private speech in pedagogy 151

The zone of proximal development 152

Private speech and trisomy 21 153

Private speech in autism spectrum disorders 155

Summary 156

VIII Cognitive development and mathematics / Torben Rieckmann Rieckmann, Torben

Trisomy 21 and mathematics? 158

Trisomy 21 and dyscalculia 159

Clustering and supersigns 161

The power of five 165

Deliberately use teaching materials 167

Appropriate visual aids 170

Summary 174

IX Communication and emotion / Angela Kalmutzke Kalmutzke, Angela

It's great that you have a child with Down syndrome! 175

Respect for the essence of and confidence in learning ability 177

On life and death 179

Late termination of pregnancy 181

Opting for life 183

The social matrix 184

Behavioral problems today, personality disorders tomorrow? 188

Promoting self-worth 191

Summary 195.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 200-212).

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the James Hosmer Penniman Book Fund.

ISBN:

9783525701966

3525701969

OCLC:

1019836746

Publisher Number:

99974780959