Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) : contaminants of concern / Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Perfluorinated chemicals.

Perfluorinated chemicals--Environmental aspects.

Organofluorine compounds.

Organofluorine compounds--Environmental aspects.

Fluoropolymers.

Polyfluorenes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (270 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

This new volume provides a timely study on the environmental challenges from a specific class of perfluorinated chemical compounds (PFCs) that are now being recognized as a worldwide health threat. Recent studies report that levels of classes of PFCs known as polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl (PFASs) exceed federally recommended safety levels in public drinking-water supplies for 6 million people in the United States and that as many as 100 million people could be at risk from exposure to these chemicals. These chemicals occur globally in wildlife and humans. Both PFCAs and PFSAs have been produced for more than 50 years, but have only become of interest to regulators and environmentalists since the late 1990s. Recent advances in analytical methodology has enabled widespread detection in the environment and humans at trace levels. These toxic chemicals have been found in outdoor and indoor air, surface and drinking water, house dust, animal tissue, human blood serum, and human breast milk. Of great concern to communities is the presence of these compounds in a number of drinking water supplies in the U.S. and other countries. This new volume provides a timely explanation of the chemicals, provides a detailed review of the regulations both in the US and European Community, explains the health risk literature, and then explores in great detail available treatment technologies. The volume is a must for public water supply facilities, industrial operations that have historically used these chemicals and face legacy pollution issues, policy makers and the general public.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

About the Author

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Useful Conversion Factors

1 What Fluoropolymers Are

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Evolution of Fluoropolymers and the Markets

1.3 PFAS Compounds

1.3.1 General Description

1.3.2 How They Are Made

1.3.3 The Proliferation of PFAS

1.4 Terminology

References

2 Definitions, Uses, and Evolution of PFCs

2.1 Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Of Interest

2.2 The PFC Family

2.3 PFOS

2.4 PFOA

2.5 Fluorotelomers

3 Fire Fighting Foams

3.1 What AFFFs Are

3.2 Environmental Impacts

4 Health Risk Studies

4.1 General

4.2 PFOA

4.3 PFOS

4.4 EFSA - EU Food and Safety Authority Findings

5 Overview of the Environmental Concerns

5.1 Where It All Began

5.2 Emerging Contaminants of Concern

5.3 PFOS

5.4 PFOA

6 The Supply Chain and Pathways to Contamination

6.1 Losses Along the Supply Chain and End of Life

6.2 Consumer Articles

6.3 Consumer Exposure to PFOS And PFOA

7 Standards, Advisories, and Restrictions

7.1 Extent of Groundwater Contamination in the United States

7.2 The U.S. Water Quality Standards

7.3 Remedial Guidelines

7.4 Standards in Other Countries

7.4.1 United Kingdom

7.4.2 Canada

7.4.3 Germany

7.4.4 Norway

7.4.5 European Union (EU)

7.4.6 OECD

7.4.7 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

7.4.8 United Nation's Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)

8 Overview of Water Treatment Technology Options

8.1 Technology Options

8.2 Case Studies, Literature, and Technologies

Reference

9 Adsorption Technology

9.1 Overview

9.2 Activated Carbon and Other Carbonaceous Adsorbents

9.3 Zeolites

9.4 Polymeric Adsorbents.

9.5 Oxidic Adsorbents

9.6 Adsorption Theory Basics and Isotherms

9.7 Adsorption of PFOA

9.8 Hardware and Operational Considerations

9.9 Backwashing

9.10 Permitting

9.11 Spent Carbon Management

9.12 Recommended References

10 Case Studies

10.1 PFOA in Southern New Hampshire

10.2 Former Wurtsmith Air Force Base

10.3 Dupont Washington Works in West Virginia

10.4 PFC Contamination in Minnesota

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119363842

1119363845

9781523110308

1523110309

9781119363828

1119363829

OCLC:

964698758