Diseases of coral / edited by Cheryl M. Woodley, Craig A. Downs, Andrew W. Bruckner, James W. Porter, Sylvia B. Galloway.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Woodley, Cheryl M., editor.

Downs, Craig A., editor.

Bruckner, Andrew W., editor.

Porter, James W. (James Watson), 1946- editor.

Galloway, Sylvia B., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Corals--Diseases.

Corals.

Coral declines.

Communicable diseases in animals.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Coral disease is quickly becoming a crisis to the health and management of the world's coral reefs. There is a great interest from many in preserving coral reefs. Unfortunately, the field of epizootiology is disorganized and lacks a standard vocabulary, methods, and diagnostic techniques, and tropical marine scientists are poorly trained in wildlife pathology, veterinary medicine, and epidemiology. Diseases of Coral will help to rectify this situation.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributors

Acknowledgements

Editors' Comment: Recent Changes in Coral Taxonomy

Chapter 1 Introduction

Background

Coral Health Perspectives

Coral Disease Considerations

Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 Pathology

Introduction

A Brief History of Pathology

Evolution of Human Pathology

Pathology in the Twentieth Century

Veterinary Pathology Emerges

The Birth of Coral Pathology

General Pathology: Key Concepts for Coral Disease Studies

Lethal Injury

Sublethal Injury

Genetic and Developmental Pathology

Environmental Pathology

Pathology of Neoplasia

Pathology of Infectious Diseases

Summary

Chapter 3 Etiology

Theories, Hypotheses, Laws and Facts

Causal Reasoning and Scientific Method

Methods of Acceptance of Hypotheses

Construction of a Causal Hypothesis

Methods of Deriving a Hypothesis

Principles for Establishing Cause: Hill's Criteria

Evolution of Causal Concepts in Epidemiology

Koch's Postulates

Multifactorial Diseases

Statistical Association and Causality

Notes

Chapter 4 Epidemiology

Overview of Epidemiology

Definition of Epidemiology

Scope of Epidemiology

Types of Epidemiological Investigation

Describing the Occurrence of Disease

Measures of Disease Occurrence

Patterns of Disease

Transmission and Maintenance of Infection

Horizontal Transmission

Vertical Transmission

Maintenance of Infection

Characteristics of the Spread of Infection in Populations

The Epidemic Curve

Common-Source and Propagating Epidemics

Trends in the Temporal Distribution of Disease

Trends in the Spatial Distribution of Disease

The Ecology of Disease.

Disease as a Population Regulator

Ecological Factors Affecting Disease Occurrence

Epidemiology and Coral Reef Science

Chapter 5 History of Coral Disease Research

Coral Disease Epizootiology

Black-Band Disease (BBD)

Microbial Consortium in BBD

Behavior and Ecological Physiology of BBD

White Plague (WP)

White Plague Type II

Causes of White Plague

White-Band Disease (WBD)

Pathogens Associated with WBD Type I

WBD Type II

Growth Anomalies

New Coral Diseases

Caribbean Yellow Band Disease (YBD)

Dark Spots Disease (DSD)

White-Patch Disease (WPD)

Caribbean Ciliate Infection (CCI)

Indo-Pacific Coral Diseases

White Syndromes

Skeleton-Eroding Band (SEB)

Brown-Band Disease (BrB)

Ulcerative White Spots (UWS)

Atramentous Necrosis

Pink-Line Syndrome

Coral Disease Etiology

Environmental Drivers of Disease

Effects of Nutrients and Carbon

Role of Macroalgae

Relationships with Water Temperature

Sources, Reservoirs and Vectors of Disease

Natural Defenses and Resistance to Coral Diseases

Management Options for Coral Disease

Chapter 6 Anatomy

Cnidarian Anatomy Basics

Anatomy and Taxonomy of the Anthozoan Corals

Chapter Overview

Gross Anatomy of Corals

Polyp Development

Growth Forms

Tentacles, Oral Disc, and Body Wall

Mesenteries

Gastrovascular System

Skeleton

Axis

Microscopic Anatomy of Corals

Clarification of Terminology

Hexacorals

Octocorals

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7 Morphological, Physiological and Cytological Aspects of Reproduction in Scleractinian Corals

Reproductive Modes: From Gonochorism to True Hermaphroditism

Polyp Size, Colony Size and Reproductive Effort.

Sexual Maturity: Age or Size Dependent or Does Size Matter?

Size as a Measure of Reproductive Mode

Gametogenesis

Timing of Gametogenesis and Spawning

Signaling Molecules

Spawning Physiology, Cues and Periodicity

Synchrony of Reproductive Patterns on the Reef

Acquisition of Symbionts during Gametogenesis, or Early Development

Reproductive Disruption: Possible Causes

Physical Damage: Energetic and Cellular Tradeoffs in Sex Allocation

Physiological Disruption

Asexual Reproduction

Conclusion

Chapter 8 The Innate Immune System in Cnidarians

Dynamic Relationships between Cnidarians and Micro-organisms

Coral-Associated Microbial Communities

Tissue-Associated Microbial Communities in Hydra

How to Distinguish between Friends and Foes?

PAMP Recognition

Toll-Like Receptors

NOD-Like Receptors

PAMP-Triggered Signal Transduction

Host Defense Molecules

Antimicrobial Peptides

Serine Protease Inhibitors

Taxonomically Restricted Genes

Xenophagy and Apoptosis as Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Defense

Marine Medicine-Can Corals Contribute to an Understanding of Human Diseases?

Acknowledgement

Chapter 9 Endocrine-Like Signaling in Corals

Overview

Terms and Concepts

Bioregulatory Mechanisms

Evolutionary Context

Relationships with other Metazoans

Model Cnidarians

Conserved and Novel Pathways

Regulation of Physiological Processes

Reproduction

Skeletogenesis

Energetic Metabolism

Pheromones and Settlement Cues

Disruption of Signaling and Disease

Future Directions

Chapter 10 Heterotrophic Nutrition of Tropical, Temperate and Deep-Sea Corals

Corals: Polytrophic Organisms

Tropical Corals.

What are the Food Sources for Corals?

Chemical Activation of Feeding Behavior in Corals

What are the Effects of Feeding on Coral Physiology?

Heterotrophic Nutrition and Bleaching Episodes

Heterotrophic Nutrition and Ocean Acidification

Temperate Corals

Deep-Sea Corals

Food Sources of Deep-Sea Corals

Importance of Water Currents for the Feeding of Deep-Sea Corals

Chapter 11 Nervous System: Morphology and Physiology of Cnidarian Conducting Systems

Morphology of Conducting Systems

Nervous and Non-Nervous Conducting Systems

Components of the Conducting Systems

Nerve Nets, Nerve Tracts, Ring Nerves, Giant Nerves and Ganglia

Electrophysiology of the Conducting Systems

Epithelial and Indirect Electrical Conduction in Hydrozoans

Conducting Systems in Jellyfish (Scyphomedusae, Hydromedusae and Cubomedusae)

Conducting Systems in Polyps (Hydrozoans and Anthozoans)

Conducting Systems in Colonies (Hydrozoans and Anthozoans)

Chemical Neurotransmitters and Modulators

Chapter 12 Physiology of Skeletogenesis in Scleractinian Coral

Structure of Coral Skeleton

Skeleton Formation in Corals

Coral Calcification

Methods of Calcification Measurement

Inorganic Carbon Uptake in Corals

Incorporation of Other Ions in the Coral Skeleton

Synthesis and Transport of Organic Matrix

Energy Supply in Corals

Interactions of Calcification with Photosynthesis and Respiration

Mechanism of Calcification

Chapter 13 Vibriosis

Vibrio shiloi (Bacterial Bleaching)

History and Geographical Range of Disease Signs

Normal Host

Epizootiology

Pathogenesis/Clinical Course

Clinical Features

Histopathology

Complications and Controversy.

Future Directions

Potential Treatment

Vibrio coralliilyticus (Coral Bleaching and Lysis)

Vibrio coralliilyticus (Diseases of Benthic Communities of the Mediterranean Sea)

Vibrio alginolyticus (Yellow Blotch/Band)

Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio carchariae (WhiteBand)

Vibrio harveyi

Complications and Controversy

Vibrio sp. (Indo-Pacific White Syndrome)

Chapter 14 Acroporid Serratiosis

Introduction and Background

Ecological Impact

Social and Economic Impact

Etiology

Host Range of Serratia marcescens

Distribution of Serratia marcescens

Factors Affecting Transmission and Virulence of Acroporid Serratiosis

Pathogenesis and General Pathology

Clinical Signs

Histological Presentations

Diagnostic Criteria

References.

Chapter 15 Aurantimonas coralicida-White Plague Type II.

Notes:

Includes index.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

ISBN:

9781118828588

1118828585

9781118828540

1118828542

OCLC:

911135129