Basic biology and clinical aspects of inflammation / edited by Robert F. Diegelmann & Charles E. Chalfant, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 2-007, Richmond Virginia, 23298-0614, USA.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Diegelmann, Robert F., editor.

Chalfant, Charles, 1970- editor.

Series:

Frontiers in Inflammation

Frontiers in inflammation ; volume 1

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Inflammation.

Biology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (494 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates : Bentham Science, [2016]

Summary:

Basic Biology and Clinical Aspects of Inflammation provides information about the critical cells and biochemical mediators involved in the complex process of inflammation. Readers are introduced to the basic scientific background on the subject, after which the book progresses towards translational research in clinical settings. Topics covered in this volume include, the modulation of inflammation during normal and chronic wound healing, altered metabolism during inflammation processes, the effect of ageing on inflammatory processes, as well as details about the underlying molecular processes behind specific clinical pathologies that are driven by excessive inflammation in the body (allergic reactions, type 2 diabetes, cardiac and vascular disease, arthritis, periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammation). The volume also provides the latest information on pharmacotherapy for inflammation and interesting contributions towards the mathematical modeling and network analysis of inflammation. Basic Biology and Clinical Aspects of Inflammation features contributions from by a distinguished group of international researchers and clinicians highly recognized for their specific expertise in the field of inflammation. The information presented in this reference is useful to academics, medical professionals, health care regulators and pharmaceutical scientists.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Foreword

Preface

List Of Contributors

Introduction To Basic Biology And Clinical Aspects Of Inflammation

Introduction

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Conflict Of Interest

Acknowledgements

References

Cell Mediators Of Acute Inflammation

Toll-Like Receptors

Mast Cells

Triggers Of Mast Cell Degranulation

Mediators Released By Mast Cells

Neutrophils

Macrophages

Macrophage Function And Phenotypes

Adaptive Immune Cells In Acute Inflammation

Gamma Delta T Cells

Th17 T Lymphocytes

Summary

Biochemical Mediators Of Inflammation And Resolution

Biosynthesis Of Lipid Mediators

Phospholipase A2

Group Iva Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (Cpla2α)

Secretory Phospholipase A2 (Spla2)

Group Via Phospholipase A2 (Ipla2β)

Eicosanoid Production Pathways

Cyclooxygenase (Cox) Pathway

Lipoxygenase Pathway

Cytochrome P450 Pathway

Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators

Pro-Resolution Lipid Mediators

Biosyntheis Of Cytokines And Chemokines

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines And Chemokines

Pro-Resolution Cytokines And Chemokines

Conclusion

Wound Healing And Dermatologic Aspects Of Inflammation

Normal Dermatological Response In Wound Healing

The Inflammatory Phase Of Wound Healing

Monocytes And Macrophages

T Lymphocytes

The Proliferative Phase

The Remodeling Or Maturation Phase

Why Don'T Chronic Wounds Heal?

Common Wound Healing Problems And Inflammation

Diabetes

Venous Insufficiency.

Aging And Wound Repair

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Metabolic Regulation Of Inflammation

Inflammation As A Link Between Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome

Classic Inflammation Vs. Metabolic Inflammation

Molecular Pathways That Link Inflammation And Insulin Resistance

Resident And Infiltrated Immune Cells In Adipose Tissue

Lymphocytes

Mast Cells And Eosinophils

Therapeutic Opportunities For Metabolic Diseases

Anti-Inflammation Therapeutics

Reverse The Imbalance Of Excess Caloric Intake And Energy Expenditure: A Second Thought

Aging And Inflammation

Immunosenescence

Inflammaging

Biological And Molecular Basis For Aging-Associated Chronic Inflammation

Changes In The Basal Levels Of Systemic Inflammatory Mediators In Human And Rodents During Aging

Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms For Aging-Associated Induction Of Cytokine Production In The Absence Of Infection

Aging-Associated Changes In The Homeostasis Of Bioactive Lipid Metabolites

The Concept Of Cellular Hyperresponsiveness To Pro-Inflammatory Agonists

Dietary And Pharmacological Interventions That Suppress Aging-Associated Rise In Inflammatory Markers

Caloric Restriction

Other Dietary Approaches That Attenuate Inflammaging

Exercise

Concluding Remarks

Allergic Inflammation

Cells Involved In Allergic Inflammation

B Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

Innate Lymphoid Type 2 Cells

Innate Cytokines Involved In Th2 Immune Bias

Interleukin-25

Interleukin-33

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin.

Pharmacologic Modulation Of Innate Cytokines Important In Th2 Immunity

Adaptive Cytokines Involved In Th2 Immune Bias

Interleukin-4

Interleukin-13

Interleukin-5

Interleukin-9

Interleukin-3

Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

Interleukin-10

Pharmacologic Modulation Of Adaptive Cytokines Important In Th2 Immunity

Inflammation In Type 2 Diabetes

Inflammatory Mechanisms In The Pathogenesis Of Diabetes

Inflammatory Mechanisms Of Beta Cell Dysfunction/Failure In Diabetes

Inflammation In Adipose Tissue And Insulin Resistance

Tissue Hypoxia

Adipocyte Cell Death

Nf-Kb And Jnk Pathways

M2 Vs M1 Macrophages Phenotype

Inflammation In The Development Of Diabetes Complications

Age/Rage Signalling And Inflammation In Diabetes

Oxidative Stress And Inflammation

Inflammation In Specific Diabetes Complications

Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic Foot/Charcot

The Vascular Tree And Heart With Relationship To Inflammation

Endothelial Cell Biology (The Link Between Blood And Tissue)

Coagulation/Inflammation Interface

Microvascular Architecture

Hemoglobin/Inflammation

Platelet Ec Interactions

Chemokines

Atherosclerosis- Chronic Vascular Inflammation

Vasculitis

Rheumatoid And Degenerative Arthritis-Associated Inflammation

Anatomical And Physiological Background

Defining The Joint

Joint Capsule, Synovium And Synovial Fluid

Articular Cartilage

Terminological Notes On Inflammation And Arthritis Reflecting Elusive Pathogenesis

Clinical Presentations

Epidemiology.

Etiopathogenesis Of Rheumatoid And Degenerative Arthritis

Overall Pathophysiology

Contribution Of The Genetic Background

Influence Of Epigenetic Modifications

Features Predominant To Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathology

Adaptive Immunological Events

B-Lymphocytes And Autoantibody Production

T-Cell Activation

Activation Of Synovial Fibroblasts

Effects Deriving From Innate Immunity

Intracellular Signaling Via Toll-Like Receptors

Complement Activation

Important Common Pro-Inflammatory Mediators Of Arthritic Inflammation

Diagnostic Paths In Clinical Disease Management

Current Therapeutic Procedures, Actual Limitations And Potential Future Options

Concluding Remarks And Future Perspectives

Inflammation In Oral Diseases

A. The Unique Niche Of The Oral Cavity

B. Microbial Environment

C. Oral Mucosal Inflammation And Immune Responses

D. Sublingual Immunotherapy

E. Mediators Of Oral Inflammation

Inflammation In Oral Health And Diseases

A. Wound Healing

B. Autoimmune Mucosal Diseases

C. Dental Caries

D. Periodontal Diseases

E. Reactive Oral Lesions

F. Infectious Diseases

G. Malignancies

Anti-Inflammatory Strategies In Oral Diseases

A. Mechanical

B. Biochemical

C. Innovative New Therapies

Intestinal Inflammation And Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Lessons Learned From Linkage Analysis And Gwas

Alterations In The Gut Microbiome In Ibd

Dysbiosis Contributes To Intestinal Inflammation

Altered Immune Responses To Microbial Products

Altered Intestinal Barrier Function And Permeability

Alterations In The Adaptive Immune Response

References.

Neuroinflammation

Central Nervous System Innate Immune Response

Microglia

Surveying (Resting) Microglia

Activated Microglia

Astrocyte

Activating Signals

Toll-Like Receptors (Tlr)

Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (Rig-I) And Rig-I-Like Receptors

Inflammasome Sensors: Nod-Like Receptors

Purinergic Receptors

Inhibitory Signals

Cx3Cl1/Cx3Cr1

Cd200/Cd200R

Effector Mechanisms

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (Nadph) Oxidase Complex

Nitric Oxide Synthase 2

Inflammasome/Interleukin-1β

Interleukin-6

Tnf

Central Nervous System Adaptive Immune Response/Autoimmunity

Cns Immune Privilege

Cns Trafficking/Cell Recruitment

Integrins

Cell-Mediated Cns Inflammation

Encephalitogenic Cd4+ T Lymphocyte: Th1 Versus Th17

Humoral Mediated Cns Inflammation

Auto-Reactive Antibodies Against Cns Antigens

Perspectives

Pharmacotherapy For Inflammatory Processes

Introduction And Scope Of The Chapter

The Spectrum Of Currently Used Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Their Utility In Identifying The 'Power Brokers' Of Inflammatory Disease

Drugs Targeting The Release And Effects Of Histamine

The Eicosanoids: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids) And Other Approaches To Control Their Activity

Prostanoids And Their Regulation

Therapeutic Exploitation Of Prostanoids And Their Receptors

Leukotrienes And Their Regulation

Platelet-Activating Factor (Paf): A Potent Lipid-Derived Mediator That Has So Far Failed To Deliver As A Drug Target

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)

Conventional Nsaids

Cox-2 Selective Nsaids (Coxibs)

Glucocorticosteroids

Dose And Indication Limiting Adverse Effects Of Glucocorticoids.

Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (Dmards)- An Effective 'Hodgepodge' Of Compounds.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed May 2, 2017).

ISBN:

9781681082271

1681082276

OCLC:

948924410