Physics of solar energy / C. Julian Chen.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chen, C. Julian.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Solar energy.

Energy development.

Solar radiation.

Physical Description:

xxvi, 326 p., [15] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2011.

Summary:

"This book covers the fundamental physics of the most abundant energy resource available to human society--solar energy. Similar to other technologies, the first step to achieving success is to have a firm understanding of the basic science of solar energy and its use. The subject matter of this text is designed to give the reader this solid footing, which will be the basis of research and the development of new solar engineering technologies. Homework problems and exercises to reinforce the contents along with a solutions manual for instructors"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Physics of Solar Energy

Contents

Preface

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Solar Energy

1.2 Go beyond Petroleum

1.3 Other Renewable Energy Resources

1.3.1 Hydroelectric Power

1.3.2 Wind Power

1.3.3 Biomass and Bioenergy

1.3.4 Shallow Geothermal Energy

1.3.5 Deep Geothermal Energy

1.4 Solar Photovoltaics Primer

1.4.1 Birth of Modern Solar Cells

1.4.2 Some Concepts on Solar Cells

1.4.3 Types of Solar Cells

1.4.4 Energy Balance

1.5 Above Physics

1.5.1 Economics of Solar Energy

1.5.2 Moral Equivalence of War

1.5.3 Solar Water Heaters over the World

1.5.4 Photovoltaics: Toward Grid Parity

Problems

Chapter 2: Nature of Solar Radiation

2.1 Light as Electromagnetic Waves

2.1.1 Maxwell's Equations

2.1.2 Vector Potential

2.1.3 Electromagnetic Waves

2.1.4 Plane Waves

2.1.5 Polarization of Light

2.1.6 Motion of an Electron in Electric and Magnetic Fields

2.2 Optics of Thin Films

2.2.1 Relative Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index

2.2.2 Energy Balance and Poynting Vector

2.2.3 Fresnel Formulas

2.3 Blackbody Radiation

2.3.1 Rayleigh-Jeans Law

2.3.2 Planck Formula and Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

2.4 Photoelectric Effect and Concept of Photons

2.4.1 Einstein's Theory of Photons

2.4.2 Millikan's Experimental Verification

2.4.3 Wave-Particle Duality

2.5 Einstein's Derivation of Blackbody Formula

Chapter 3: Origin of Solar Energy

3.1 Basic Parameters of the Sun

3.1.1 Distance

3.1.2 Mass

3.1.3 Radius

3.1.4 Emission Power

3.1.5 Surface Temperature

3.1.6 Composition

3.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz Time Scale

3.3 Energy Source of the Sun

3.3.1 The p - p Chain

3.3.2 Carbon Chain

3.3.3 Internal Structure of the Sun

Chapter 4: Tracking Sunlight.

4.1 Rotation of Earth: Latitude and Longitude

4.2 Celestial Sphere

4.2.1 Coordinate Transformation: Cartesian Coordinates

4.2.2 Coordinate Transformation: Spherical Trigonometry

4.3 Treatment in Solar Time

4.3.1 Obliquity and Declination of the Sun

4.3.2 Sunrise and Sunset Time

4.3.3 Direct Solar Radiation on an Arbitrary Surface

4.3.4 Direct Daily Solar Radiation Energy

4.3.5 The 24 Solar Terms

4.4 Treatment in Standard Time

4.4.1 Sidereal Time and Solar Time

4.4.2 Right Ascension of the Sun

4.4.3 Time Difference Originated from Obliquity

4.4.4 Aphelion and Perihelion

4.4.5 Time Difference Originated from Eccentricity

4.4.6 Equation of Time

4.4.7 Declination of the Sun

4.4.8 Analemma

Chapter 5: Interaction of Sunlight with Earth

5.1 Interaction of Radiation with Matter

5.1.1 Absorptivity, Reffectivity, and Transmittivity

5.1.2 Emissivity and Kirchho.'s Law

5.1.3 Bouguer-Lambert-Beer's Law

5.2 Interaction of Sunlight with Atmosphere

5.2.1 AM1.5 Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance

5.2.2 Annual Insolation Map

5.2.3 Clearness Index

5.2.4 Beamand Diffuse Solar Radiation

5.3 Penetration of Solar Energy into Earth

Chapter 6: Thermodynamics of Solar Energy

6.1 Definitions

6.2 First Law of Thermodynamics

6.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics

6.3.1 Carnot Cycle

6.3.2 Thermodynamic Temperature

6.3.3 Entropy

6.4 Thermodynamic Functions

6.4.1 Free Energy

6.4.2 Enthalpy

6.4.3 Gibbs Free Energy

6.4.4 Chemical Potential

6.5 Ideal Gas

6.6 Ground Source Heat Pump and Air Conditioning

6.6.1 Theory

6.6.2 Coeffcient of Performance

6.6.3 Vapor-Compression Heat Pump and Refrigerator

6.6.4 Ground Heat Exchanger

Chapter 7: Quantum Transitions

7.1 Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics.

7.1.1 Quantum States: Energy Levels and Wavefunctions

7.1.2 Dynamic Variables and Equation of Motion

7.1.3 One-Dimensional Potential Well

7.1.4 Hydrogen Atom

7.2 Many-Electron Systems

7.2.1 Single-Electron Approximation

7.2.2 Direct Observation of Quantum States

7.2.3 Quantum States of Molecules: HOMO and LUMO

7.2.4 Quantum States of a Nanocrystal

7.3 The Golden Rule

7.3.1 Time-Dependent Perturbation by Periodic Disturbance

7.3.2 Golden Rule for Continuous Spectrum

7.3.3 Principle of Detailed Balance

7.4 Interactions with Photons

Chapter 8: pn-Junctions

8.1 Semiconductors

8.1.1 Conductor, Semiconductor, and Insulator

8.1.2 Electrons and Holes

8.1.3 p-Type and n-Type Semiconductors

8.2 Formation of a pn-Junction

8.3 Analysis of pn-Junctions

8.3.1 Effect of Bias Voltage

8.3.2 Lifetime of Excess Minority Carriers

8.3.3 Junction Current

8.3.4 Shockley Equation

Chapter 9: Semiconductor Solar Cells

9.1 Basic Concepts

9.1.1 Generation of Electric Power

9.1.2 Solar Cell Equation

9.1.3 Maximum Power and Fill Factor

9.2 The Shockley-Queisser Limit

9.2.1 Ultimate Efficiency

9.2.2 Role of Recombination Time

9.2.3 Detailed-Balance Treatment

9.2.4 Nominal Efficiency

9.2.5 Shockley-Queisser Efficiency Limit

9.2.6 Efficiency Limit for AM1.5 Radiation

9.3 Nonradiative Recombination Processes

9.3.1 Auger Recombination

9.3.2 Trap-State Recombination

9.3.3 Surface-State Recombination

9.4 Antireffection Coatings

9.4.1 Matrix Method

9.4.2 Single-Layer Antireffection Coating

9.4.3 Double-Layer Antireffection Coatings

9.5 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

9.5.1 Production of Pure Silicon

9.5.2 Solar Cell Design and Processing

9.5.3 Module Fabrication

9.6 Thin-Film Solar Cells

9.6.1 CdTe Solar Cells.

9.6.2 CIGS Solar Cells

9.6.3 Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells

9.7 Tandem Solar Cells

Chapter 10: Solar Electrochemistry

10.1 Physics of Photosynthesis

10.1.1 Chlorophyll

10.1.2 ATP: Universal Energy Currency of Life

10.1.3 NADPH and NADP+

10.1.4 Calvin Cycle

10.1.5 C4 Plants versus C3 Plants

10.1.6 Chloroplast

10.1.7 Efficiency of Photosynthesis

10.2 Artificial Photosynthesis

10.3 Genetically Engineered Algae

10.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

10.5 Bilayer Organic Solar Cells

Chapter 11: Solar Thermal Energy

11.1 Early Solar Thermal Applications

11.2 Solar Heat Collectors

11.2.1 Selective Absorption Surface

11.2.2 Flat-Plate Collectors

11.2.3 All-Glass Vacuum-Tube Collectors

11.2.4 Thermosiphon Solar Heat Collectors

11.2.5 High-Pressure Vacuum Tube Collectors

11.3 Solar Water Heaters

11.3.1 System with Thermosiphon Solar Heat Collectors

11.3.2 System with Pressurized Heat-Exchange Coils

11.3.3 System with a Separate Heat-Exchange Tank

11.4 Solar Thermal Power Systems

11.4.1 Parabolic Trough Concentrator

11.4.2 Central Receiver with Heliostats

11.4.3 Paraboloidal Dish Concentrator with Stirling Engine

11.4.4 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

11.4.5 Linear Fresnel Reffector (LFR)

Chapter 12: Energy Storage

12.1 Sensible Heat Energy Storage

12.1.1 Water

12.1.2 Solid Sensible Heat Storage Materials

12.1.3 Synthetic Oil in Packed Beds

12.2 Phase Transition Thermal Storage

12.2.1 Water-Ice Systems

12.2.2 Paraffin Wax and Other Organic Materials

12.2.3 Salt Hydrates

12.2.4 Encapsulation of PCM

12.3 Rechargeable Batteries

12.3.1 Electrochemistry of Rechargeable Batteries

12.3.2 Lead-Acid Batteries

12.3.3 Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

12.3.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries.

12.3.5 Mineral Resource of Lithium

12.4 Solar Energy and Electric Vehicles

Chapter 13: Building with Sunshine

13.1 Early Solar Architecture

13.1.1 Ancient Solar Architecture

13.1.2 Holistic Architecture in Rural China

13.2 Building Materials

13.2.1 Thermal Resistance

13.2.2 Specific Thermal Resistance

13.2.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient: the U-Value

13.2.4 Thermal Mass

13.2.5 Glazing

13.3 Example of Holistic Design

13.4 Land Usage of Solar Communities

Appendix A: Energy Unit Conversion

Appendix B: Spherical Trigonometry

B.1 Spherical Triangle

B.2 Cosine Formula

B.3 Sine Formula

B.4 Formula C

Appendix C: Quantum Mechanics Primer

C.1 Harmonic Oscillator

C.2 Angular Momentum

C.3 Hydrogen Atom

Appendix D: Statistics of Particles

D.1 Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics

D.2 Fermi-Dirac Statistics

Appendix E: AM1.5 Reference Solar Spectrum

List of Symbols

Bibliography

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786613246516

9781283246514

1283246511

9781118172841

1118172841

9781118044575

1118044576

9781118044599

1118044592

OCLC:

747545862