International review of cell and molecular biology. Volume 303 / edited by Kwang W. Jeon ; contributors Laura Arru [and twenty one others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Jeon, Kwang W., editor.

Arru, Laura, contributor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cell nuclei.

Molecular biology.

Cytology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (394 p.)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

San Diego, California : Elsevier : AP, 2014.

Language Note:

English

Contents:

Front Cover; International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Chapter One: Neuropeptides, Trophic Factors, and Other Substances Providing Morphofunctional and Metabolic Protection in ...; 1. Prevalence and Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy; 1.1. Why experimental models are needed; 1.2. Aims; 2. Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Signs and Late-Developing Symptoms; 2.1. Histological alterations; 2.1.1. RGCs and the optic nerve; 2.1.2. Amacrine, horizontal, and bipolar cells; 2.1.3. Photoreceptors; 2.1.4. Synaptic layers

2.1.5. Müller glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells2.1.5.1. Müller glial cells; 2.1.5.2. Pigment epithelial cells; 2.1.6. Cells migrating to the retina in response to diabetes; 2.2. Molecular alterations; 2.2.1. Apoptotic markers; 2.2.2. Glutamate excitotoxicity-induced apoptosis in diabetic retina; 2.2.3. Pathways; 2.2.4. Metabolic end products; 2.3. Electrophysiological changes; 3. Experimental Models of Diabetic Retinopathy; 3.1. Type 1 diabetes; 3.1.1. Chemical induction; 3.1.1.1. Alloxan; 3.1.1.2. Streptozotocin; 3.1.2. Genetic defects; 3.1.2.1. BB/W rats; 3.2. Type 2 diabetes

3.2.1. OLETF rats3.2.2. Zucker diabetic fatty rats; 3.2.3. Spontaneously diabetic Torii rats; 3.2.4. Goto-Kakizaki rats; 3.2.5. ob/ob mice; 3.2.6. db/db mice; 3.2.7. Ins2Akita mice; 3.3. Ex vivo and in vitro models; 3.3.1. Retinal ganglion cell lines; 3.3.2. Müller glial cell lines; 3.3.3. Retinal pigment epithelial cell lines; 3.3.4. Retinal endothelial cell lines; 3.3.5. Retinal explants; 3.3.6. Choroidal explants; 4. Experimental Approaches to the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy; 4.1. Insulin and IGFs; 4.2. Neuropeptides; 4.2.1. Somatostatin

4.2.2. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide4.3. Therapies with vascular targets; 4.3.1. Angiotensin; 4.3.2. Angiotensin receptor blockers; 4.3.3. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; 4.3.4. (Pro)Renin receptor blockers; 4.3.5. Antiangiogenic treatments; 4.3.5.1. Angiostatin; 4.3.5.2. Decursin; 4.3.5.3. Anti-VEGF antibodies; 4.4. Hormones; 4.4.1. Erythropoietin; 4.4.2. Melatonin; 4.4.2. Exendin-4 and its analogs; 4.5. Neurotrophic factors; 4.5.1. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; 4.5.2. Nerve growth factor; 4.5.3. Pigment epithelium-derived factor; 4.6. Others

4.6.1. Inhibition of metabolic changes4.6.2. Compounds and extracts from plants; 4.6.2.1. Flavonoids; 4.6.2.2. Polyphenols; 4.6.2.3. Other plant extracts; 4.6.3. Miscellaneous compounds; 4.6.3.1. Retinoic acids; 4.6.3.2. Calpain inhibitors; 4.6.3.3. Sitagliptin; 4.6.3.4. Carnosine; 4.6.3.5. Memantine; 4.6.3.6. Nepafenac; 4.6.3.7. Vitamin D; 4.6.3.8. Hydrogen sulfide; 4.6.3.9. Hydrogen saline; 4.6.3.10. N-acetylcysteine; 4.6.3.11. Fasudil; 4.6.3.12. Photobiomodulation; 5. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References

Chapter Two: Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed July 4, 2014).

ISBN:

0-12-800445-2

OCLC:

881887471