High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century : fundamentals, design and applications / edited by Kevin Kendall and Michaela Kendall.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kendall, Kevin, editor.

Kendall, Michaela, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Solid oxide fuel cells.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (522 p.)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

London : Elsevier, [2016]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Second Edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy.The text brings the topic of green energy front and center, illustrating the need for new books that provide comprehensive and practical information on specific types of fuel cells and their applications.

Contents:

Front Cover

High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for the 21st Century: Fundamentals, Design and Applications

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

References

Chapter 1: Introduction to SOFCs

1.1. Introduction

1.2. SOFC principles

1.3. Problems to be resolved

1.4. Historical summary

1.5. Zirconia sensors for oxygen measurement

1.6. Zirconia availability and production

1.7. High-quality electrolyte fabrication processes

1.8. Anode-supported SOFC materials and reactions

1.9. Interconnection for electrically connecting the cells

1.10. Cell and stack designs

1.11. SOFC reactor systems

1.12. Fuel considerations

1.13. Competition and combination with heat engines in applications

1.14. SOFC publications

Chapter 2: History

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Before the first solid electrolyte gas cells

2.3. From solid electrolyte gas cells to solid oxide fuel cells

2.4. First detailed investigations of solid oxide fuel cells

2.5. Progress in the 1960s

2.6. On the path to practical solid oxide fuel cells

2.7. Ceramic processing for high-quality products

2.8. Anode support

2.9. Better cathodes

2.10. Low-temperature operation with new interconnects

2.11. Application areas

2.12. Summary

Chapter 3: Thermodynamics

3.1. Introduction

3.2. The ideal reversible SOFC

3.3. Ohmic losses and voltage dependence on fuel utilisation

3.4. Thermodynamic definition of a fuel cell producing electricity and heat

3.5. Thermodynamic theory of hybrid SOFC systems

3.6. Design principles of SOFC Hybrid systems

3.7. Summary

Chapter 4: Electrolytes

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Fluorite-structured electrolytes

4.2.1. Zirconia-based oxide ion conductors

4.2.2. Ceria-based oxide ion conductors.

4.3. Perovskite and perovskite-related electrolytes

4.3.1. LaAlO3

4.3.2. LaGaO3-doped with Ca, Sr and Mg

4.3.3. ATiO3-based perovskite (A=alkaline or alkaline earth)

4.3.4. High-temperature proton conducting perovskites

4.3.5. Oxides with perovskite-related structures: Brownmillerites (e.g. Ba2In2O5)

4.4. Alternative-structured electrolyte materials

4.4.1. Lanthanum silicate apatite-based electrolytes

4.4.2. La2Mo2O9: LAMOX

4.5. Summary

Chapter 5: Anodes

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Cell performance requirements

5.3. Cell lifetime requirements

5.4. Catalytic and reforming properties

5.5. Anode design and engineering

5.6. Conventional nickel-based anodes

5.7. Alternative cermet materials

5.7.1. Other cermets

5.7.2. Ceramic anodes

5.7.2.1. Perovskites

5.7.2.2. Composite anodes produced by impregnation

5.7.2.3. Nano-catalyst exsolution

5.8. General conclusions

Chapter 6: Cathodes

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Physical and physicochemical properties of perovskite cathode materials

6.2.1. Lattice structure

6.2.2. Oxygen nonstoichiometry

6.2.3. Electrical conductivity

6.2.4. Oxygen transport

6.3. Chemical stability and compatibility with the cell components

6.3.1. Thermodynamic stability of perovskite-type oxides

6.3.2. Reaction of perovskites with the zirconia component in YSZ

6.3.3. Chromia poisoning

6.3.4. Chemical and morphological instability under oxygen potential gradient

6.4. Thermo-chemo-mechanical properties

6.4.1. Thermal and chemical strain

6.4.2. Mechanical properties of LSM, LSC, LSF and LSCF

6.5. Summary and further researches

Chapter 7: Interconnects

7.1. Introduction

7.2. SOFC environments

7.3. Ceramic interconnects

7.4. High-temperature alloys for SOFC applications.

7.4.1. Chromia forming alloys

7.4.2. Chromium-based alloys

7.4.3. Ferritic steels

7.4.4. Optimised ferritic steels for SOFC applications

7.4.5. Austenitic steels and nickel-based alloys

7.5. Growth rates of chromia base surface scales

7.6. Degradation in carbon containing anode gases

7.7. Dual atmosphere exposures

7.8. Specimens thickness dependence of oxidation behaviour

7.9. Electronic conductivity of chromia-based scales

7.10. Volatile species and protection against chromium evaporation

7.11. Interaction between interconnect and anode side contact materials

7.12. Interaction of metallic interconnects with sealing materials

7.13. Protective coatings and contact materials

7.13.1. Short-term applications with SOFCs having an LSCF cathode

7.13.2. Short-term applications with SOFCs having an LSM cathode

7.13.3. Long-term applications with SOFCs having an LSCF or LSM cathode

7.14. Summary

Chapter 8: Cell and stack design, fabrication and performance

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Requirements

8.2.1. Requirements for single cells

8.2.2. Requirements for multi-cell stacks

8.3. SOFC single cell

8.3.1. Cell design

8.3.2. Cell fabrication

8.3.3. Cell performance

8.4. SOFC multi-cell stacks

8.4.1. Stack design

8.4.2. Stack fabrication/assembly

8.4.3. Stack performance

8.5. Summarising remarks

Chapter 9: System designs and applications

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Overview of SOFC power systems

9.3. Type of SOFC power system

9.4. SOFC power system design

9.4.1. Stack designs and parameters

9.4.2. BOP component designs and selection

9.5. Applications of SOFC power systems

9.5.1. Portable systems

9.5.2. Transportation systems

9.5.2.1. Automobile and truck APUs

9.5.2.2. Aircraft APUs

9.5.3. Stationary systems.

9.5.3.1. Simple cycle power systems

9.5.3.2. SOFC/GT hybrid systems

9.5.3.3. Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems

9.6. Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) systems for hydrogen/chemical production

9.7. Summarising remarks

Chapter 10: Portable early market SOFCs

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Sensor SOFCs

10.3. MEMS-based SOFCs

10.4. Micro-tubular SOFCs

10.4.1. Need for mSOFCs

10.4.2. Invention of mSOFC

10.5. Benefit of improved ceramic processing for quality ceramics

10.6. Benefits of improved power density

10.7. Rapid warm-up

10.8. International efforts on micro SOFCs

10.9. Demonstration projects

10.10. Summary

Chapter 11: Sources of cell and electrode polarisation losses in SOFCs

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Cell losses

11.2.1. Ohmic losses

11.2.2. Overpotential losses

11.2.3. Gas-phase losses

11.3. Ohmic and gas-phase losses within porous electrodes

11.4. Cell losses within a multi-cell stack

11.5. Subdivision of local overpotential into specific rate processes

11.5.1. Chemical contributions to the overpotential

11.5.2. Mixed-conducting SOFC electrodes

11.5.3. Chemical O2 exchange on La1-xSrxCoO3-δ

11.5.4. Co-limitation of O2 exchange and transport in porous La1-xSrxCoO3-δ

11.5.5. Difficulties in subdividing the overpotential with surface-bound reactions

11.6. Conclusions and outlook

Chapter 12: Testing of electrodes, cells and short stacks

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Testing electrodes

12.3. Testing single cells and stacks

12.4. Area-specific resistance

12.5. Testing cells on alternative fuels

12.5.1. SOFC fueled by biofuels

12.5.2. SOFC fueled by ammonia

12.5.3. SOFC fueled by coal-derived gas

12.6. Summary

Chapter 13: Cell, stack and system modelling.

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Basic definitions

13.3. Multi-scale modelling

13.3.1. Reaction diffusion

13.3.2. Multi-scale modelling by computer

13.3.3. Cell level modelling

13.3.3.1. Micro-modelling of electrodes

13.3.3.2. Macro-modelling: Cell level

13.3.4. Stack level modelling

13.3.4.1. Heat transfer

13.3.4.2. Thermo-mechanical models

13.4. System level modelling

13.4.1. Catalytic partial oxidation

13.4.2. Steam reforming

13.4.3. Anode off-gas recycle

13.5. Oscillations in SOFCs running on methane

13.6. Summary and future prospect

Acknowledgements

Chapter 14: Fuels and fuel processing in SOFC applications

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Range of fuels

14.2.1. Methane

14.2.2. Higher hydrocarbons

14.2.3. Oxygenate fuels

14.2.4. Solid fuels

14.2.5. Hydrogen

14.3. Fuel reforming principle

14.3.1. Steam reforming

14.3.2. Dry reforming

14.3.3. Partial oxidation

14.3.4. Autothermal reforming

14.3.5. Tri-reforming

14.3.6. Plasma reforming with/without catalyst

14.3.7. Direct electrocatalytic oxidation

14.4. Carbon deposition and removal

14.5. Impurity tolerance and purification

14.6. Application of typical reforming processes for SOFCs

14.6.1. A 250kW external fuel processor

14.6.2. On-board fuel processing for SOFC-APU

14.6.3. Coal-based SOFC system

14.6.4. Biomass

14.7. Brief consideration of present technology and future prospect

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 8, 2015).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-12-410483-5

OCLC:

932332588