Biomass supply chains for bioenergy and biorefining / edited by Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, Ehiaze Augustine Ehimen.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo, editor.

Ehimen, Ehiaze Augustine, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing in energy ; no. 94.

Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy ; Number 94

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomass energy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Elsevier/Woodhead Publishing, 2016.

Summary:

Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining highlights the emergence of energy generation through the use of biomass and the ways it is becoming more widely used. The supply chains that produce the feedstocks, harvest, transport, store, and prepare them for combustion or refinement into other forms of fuel are long and complex, often differing from feedstock to feedstock.Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining considers every aspect of these supply chains, including their design, management, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts. The first part of the book introduces supply chains, biomass feedstocks, and their analysis, while the second part looks at the harvesting, handling, storage, and transportation of biomass. The third part studies the modeling of supply chains and their management, with the final section discussing, in minute detail, the supply chains involved in the production and usage of individual feedstocks, such as wood and sugar starches, oil crops, industrial biomass wastes, and municipal sewage stocks.- Focuses on the complex supply chains of the various potential feedstocks for biomass energy generation- Studies a wide range of biomass feedstocks, including woody energy crops, sugar and starch crops, lignocellulosic crops, oil crops, grass crops, algae, and biomass waste- Reviews the modeling and optimization, standards, quality control and traceability, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts of supply chains

Contents:

Intro

Front Cover

Related titles

Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy

01 - Biomass resources, supply chains and markets

1 - Introduction to biomass supply chains

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Biomass as a resource worldwide

1.2.1 Agriculture and forestry resources

1.2.1.1 Agriculture resources

1.2.1.2 Forestry resources

1.3 Screening of international sustainability indicators

1.3.1 Sustainability certification systems

1.4 Conclusions

References

2 - Biomass feedstocks

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Main categories and uses of biomass

2.1.2 Biomass potentials

2.1.3 Organization of chapter

2.2 An overview of candidate feedstocks

2.3 Forest biomass

2.3.1 Feedstock characterization and management

2.3.2 Availability assessment and environmental impacts

2.3.3 Some possible future trends and challenges

2.4 Agricultural biomass

2.4.1 Short-rotation tree plantations

2.4.1.1 Food crops

2.4.1.2 Lignocellulosic species

2.4.1.3 Legumes

2.4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of candidate feedstocks

2.4.3 Environmental impacts of candidate feedstocks

2.4.4 Land use change effects

2.4.5 Future trends

2.5 Conclusion

Sources of further information

3 - Biomass resource assessment

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classification of biomass resources

3.3 Qualities desired in biomass resources

3.3.1 Properties of an ideal biofuel

3.3.2 Properties of biomass resources

3.3.3 Quality requirements and classes for solid biofuels

3.4 Biomass resource assessment methods

3.4.1 Agricultural residues

3.4.2 Forestry residues

3.4.3 Residues from agroforestry industry

3.4.3.1 Agrifood industry

3.4.3.2 Timber industry

3.4.4 Livestock by-products.

3.4.5 Energy crops

3.5 Future trends

4 - Biomass supply, demand, and markets

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Background in biomass supply chains

4.1.2 Sources of biomass

4.2 Economic forces determining biomass supply and demand

4.2.1 Worldwide projected energy outlook

4.2.2 Projected biomass utilization outlook

4.3 Integrated decision support for biomass utilization networks

4.3.1 Discrete event simulation

4.3.2 Mathematical programming

4.3.3 Risk assessment and uncertainty analysis tools

4.4 Key drivers in biomass markets

4.4.1 Crude oil price volatility

4.4.2 Climate change mitigation

4.4.3 Reduced dependence on imported energy resources

4.4.4 Rising cost of primary energy generation

4.4.5 Improved opportunities for rural economies in underdeveloped regions

4.5 Future trends

02 - Biomass harvesting, handling, storage and transportation

5 - Biomass harvesting and collection

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Woody biomass

5.2.1 Operation

5.2.2 Harvesting equipment

5.2.3 Ecological concerns

5.2.4 Economic concerns

5.3 Corn stover

5.3.1 Operation

5.3.2 Harvesting equipment

5.3.3 Ecological concerns

5.3.4 Economic concerns

5.4 Sugarcane

5.4.1 Operation

5.4.2 Harvesting equipment

5.4.3 Ecological concerns

5.4.4 Economic concerns

5.5 Other energy crops

5.6 Precision agriculture and harvesting

5.7 Life cycle assessment

5.8 Future trends

6 - Biomass storage

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Biomass storage methods

6.2.1 Open-air storage

6.2.2 Covered without climate control

6.2.3 Ensilage

6.2.4 Covered with climate control

6.2.5 Steel or concrete bins and silos.

6.2.6 Trade-off between cost and dry matter loss

6.3 Biomass storage within the supply chain

6.4 Biomass properties impacting storage

6.4.1 Biomass moisture

6.4.2 Biomass density

6.4.3 Self-heating, fire, explosion, and health and safety during biomass storage

6.4.4 Dust management during storage

6.4.5 Degradation management during storage

6.5 Design and monitoring of storage facilities

6.6 Future trends

03 - Biomass and biofuel supply chain design and management

7 - Biomass and biofuel supply chain modeling and optimization

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Opportunities in biomass and biofuel supply chain modeling and optimization

7.2.1 General structure and uniqueness of the biomass and biofuel supply chain

7.2.1.1 Biomass cultivation and harvesting

7.2.1.2 Biomass preprocessing and biofuel production

7.2.1.3 Biofuel distribution and end use

7.2.2 Multiscale modeling and optimization

7.2.2.1 Strategic decisions

7.2.2.2 Operational decisions

7.2.3 Modeling sustainability issues in the biomass and biofuel supply chain

7.2.3.1 Economic indicators

7.2.3.2 Environmental impacts

7.2.3.3 Social benefits

7.3 Methods for biomass and biofuel supply chain modeling and optimization

7.3.1 Superstructure modeling and optimization

7.3.2 Life cycle optimization

7.3.3 Integration across multiple spatial and temporal scales

7.4 Challenges in biomass and biofuel supply chain modeling and optimization

7.4.1 Modeling challenges

7.4.2 Computation challenges

7.5 Future trends

7.5.1 Development in upstream biomass and biofuel supply chain

7.5.2 Surrogate modeling

7.5.3 Synergies with other supply chains

References.

8 - Modeling of forest and wood residues supply chains for bioenergy and biofuel production

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Supply chain management

8.3 Forest and wood residues supply chains

8.3.1 Supply chain complexities

8.3.2 Decision-planning levels

8.3.3 Supply chain issues

8.4 Modeling approaches and previous studies

8.4.1 Deterministic models

8.4.1.1 Single-objective optimization

8.4.1.2 Multiobjective optimization

8.4.1.3 Hybrid deterministic models

8.4.2 Stochastic models

8.4.2.1 Scenario-based optimization (stochastic programming and robust optimization)

8.4.2.2 Stochastic simulation

8.4.2.3 Hybrid stochastic models

8.5 Conclusions

9 - Social, economic, and environmental impacts of biomass and biofuel supply chains

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Environmental impacts of biomass and biofuel supply chains

9.3 Economic impacts of biomass and biofuel supply chains

9.4 Social impacts of biomass and biofuel supply chains

9.5 Integrated impact assessment of biomass and biofuel supply chains

9.6 Future trends

04 - Particular biomass supply chains

10 - Short rotation woody energy crop supply chains

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The biomass resource potential of short rotation woody crops

10.2.1 Land availability for short rotation woody crops

10.2.2 Yields

10.2.3 Challenges to uptake and implementation

10.3 Breeding and crop development

10.4 Agronomy

10.4.1 Site preparation

10.4.2 Planting

10.4.3 Maintenance

10.4.4 Fertilizer requirements

10.4.5 Harvesting

10.4.6 Storage of woody material

10.4.7 Crop termination

10.5 Feedstock processing and pretreatment

10.5.1 Chipping

10.5.2 Pelleting

10.6 Feedstock sustainability and life cycle assessment

10.6.1 Greenhouse gas emissions.

10.6.2 Other environmental impacts

10.6.2.1 Biodiversity

10.6.2.2 Water impacts

10.6.2.3 Acidification and eutrophication

10.7 Conclusions

11 - Sugar and starch crop supply chains

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Biomass resource potential

11.2.1 Potential yields

11.2.2 Land availability

11.2.3 Crop rotation limitations

11.2.4 Financial performance

11.3 Breeding and crop development

11.3.1 Resistance to pests and fungal diseases

11.3.2 Drought and heat resistance

11.3.3 Herbicide tolerance

11.3.4 Maximizing root sugar content or grain starch content

11.4 Cultivation and harvesting

11.4.1 Crop establishment

11.4.2 Weed, pest, and disease control

11.4.3 Fertilization

11.4.4 Harvesting

11.4.5 Storage

11.4.6 Transport

11.5 Feedstock processing and pretreatment

11.5.1 Sugar extraction at a "beet factory"

11.5.2 Feeding wheat grain into an "ethanol plant"

11.6 Feedstock sustainability and life cycle analysis

11.6.1 Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance

11.7 Future trends

12 - Lignocellulosic crop supply chains (eg, Miscanthus, switchgrass, reed canary grass, rye, giant reed, etc.)

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Brief overview of feedstocklogistics and characteristics

12.3 Lignocellulosic crop supply system for the liquid biofuel market

12.3.1 Conventional bale feedstock supply system

12.3.2 Limitations of the conventional bale feedstock supply system

12.4 Advanced supply systems

12.4.1 Harvest and collection

12.4.2 Storage

12.4.3 Preprocessing

12.4.3.1 Size reduction

12.4.3.2 Drying and densification

12.4.4 Transportation

12.5 Advantages of advanced supply systems

12.5.1 Enabling access to remote resources

12.5.2 Allowing efficient transport of biomass beyond 200miles.

12.5.3 Addressing supply risks associated with weather, competition, pests, and other local issues.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781782423874

1782423877

9781782423669

1782423664