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Income and Democracy : Lipset's Law Revisited / Anke Hoeffler, Robert H. Bates, Ghada Fayad.
- Format:
- Book
- Government document
- Author/Creator:
- Hoeffler, Anke.
- Series:
- IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ; No. 2012/295
- IMF Working Papers
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Income--Econometric models.
- Income.
- Democracy--Economic aspects.
- Democracy.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (27 p.)
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2012.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- We revisit Lipset‘s law, which posits a positive and significant relationship between income and democracy. Using dynamic and heterogeneous panel data estimation techniques, we find a significant and negative relationship between income and democracy: higher/lower incomes per capita hinder/trigger democratization. Decomposing overall income per capita into its resource and non-resource components, we find that the coefficient on the latter is positive and significant while that on the former is significant but negative, indicating that the role of resource income is central to the result.
- Contents:
- Cover; Contents; Introduction; I. Additional Background; II. Data and Methods; A. Data; Figures; 1. Democracy and Income Global Averages, 1960-2008; 2. Regional Average Polity Scores, 1960-2008; B. Methods; Tables; 1. Granger Causality Test; III. Estimation and Results; 2. Reproducing AJRY with Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects; Annual Data 1960-2000; 3. Augmented PMG Estimation; Overall Sample (N=105); 1955-2007; 4. Pooled Error Correction Model by OLS With Country and Year Fixed Effects on the PMG Sample (1960-2007; N=105)Granger Causality Test; IV. Digging Deeper
- 5. Augmented PMG Estimation Overall Sample (N=98); 1970-2007; 6. Augmented PMG Estimation; Overall Sample (N=102); 1970-2007; V. Conclusion; Appendix; Table A; Table B; Table C; Table D; Figure A; References
- Notes:
- Description based upon print version of record.
- Includes bibliographical references.
- Description based on print version record.
- ISBN:
- 9781475589245
- 1475589247
- 9781475542097
- 1475542097
- 9781299264618
- 1299264611
- 9781475539653
- 1475539657
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